He Tun is Manchu Hoton，Han Translation City; Kashan is Manchu GAXAN，Han Translation Village Tun。Three surnames and Tun is called He Tun Kashan and Manchu Hoton Gaxan，Chinese translation of ancient city Tun。Three surnames and Tun is located in the combination of Mudanjiang and Songhua River，End pine flower Jiangnan Bank，East of the Kenhe River，Surrounding the three sides of the city，Stupid water and land traffic to rush。Kangxi Fifty -three years (1714) compiles the collar and build the city，Yongzheng Five years (1727) adds deputy collaboration，Yongzheng Ten Years of the Deputy Capital Flood Gate Management Heilongjiang and Songhua River downstream、Wusu River Basin、Sakhalin Island and North and South Hubei Sea Sea and islands。Kashan dense、Many nations，It is the military and political center of the northeast region of the Qing Dynasty，Responsible for the responsibility of the sidewalk prevention and the Gong Diao rewarding Wuyu。Senior scholars are more effortless of the administrative functions of the deputy capital、Research on Ethnic Communications and Economic Trade，Failure to fully use the relevant Manchu materials，Therefore, there is a lack of research on the urban and villages of the region，Nor does not examine the interaction mechanism of grass -roots organizations and national institutions from the perspective of urban and village relations。Hetun set up the governance of the border people，stabilized edge; grass -roots organization Kashan to defend the national Lujiang and Haijiang sovereignty，Bet365 lotto review Shoubian and Solid Bian。So，We passed the "Three Surnames and Deputy Capital Archives" and "Emperor's full view of view" and other Manchu materials in detail.，Lay the foundation for further studying the governance system and governance Bet365 lotto review of the northeast border in the Qing Dynasty。

Three surnames and the external space of Tun is a single -layer structure city wall，No internal and external cities。"Eight Flag Tongzhi" contains "Tucheng，Four hundred feet around the city;，1,000 twenty -six feet around，Plan Wuli Seven points ";" Shengjing Tongzhi "contains" the city is nine hundred and thirty -six miles northeast of Jilin。Wuli around，Seven feet high，Chishi seven feet，Guang Ba Fa ";" Jilin Waiji "contains" the enclosure to build soil as a wall。Fang Twenty -six feet，Five foot width，Two width two -foot five inches，Seven feet high，One door of the southeast and northwest "。Guangxu eleven years (1885)，The Qing government expanded and upgraded the three surnames and Tuncheng Yuan "High Nine Teenage，Width seven feet，Three feet width of Dingkou，Five miles around and seven points，Gate Four "。Visible，The texture of the city is Tucheng、Zhou long five miles、The shape is square;、Five foot width、Two -meter width of two feet; one door in the southeast and northwest。

Three surnames and Tunzheng Department live in the middle of the city，Create North and South Street，"The main point is mostly used by the princes of the Agency，Whether the four directions of the southeast and northwest，Fortunately with high and low "，Except outside the gate of the gate，There is also a printing room、Library、Military Room、File room、Gongwang。Yamen Public Hall is located in the middle，The rest of the work agencies are Bet365 app download divided into left and right。Deputy Du Tong Gate is in the middle of the city，Five rooms of the eagle room，Southeast outside the Department。Prison is distributed in the west of the inner city，The Hall of the East Park is located outside the east gate of the city，Gunpricorn Army Library Early Celestial North Gate Inner Road West，Outer city in the later period。Official warehouse、Yizang Most Southeast of the City or Southwest，No customization inside and outside the city。According to the concept of Wen Chong southeast，The school lives in the southeast of the city，There are three to six rooms，Confucius Temple、Wenchang Temple、Kui Xinglou and other cultural facilities，Manchu Guanxue and Private Studies have each teaching place。The official sacrifice venue is affected by the Han people in Zhaowu Temple、Zhaozhong Temple，Folk sacrifice venues are worshiped Emperor Guan、City God、God of Wealth、Mountain God、River God、Dragon King、Ma Wangshen、Medicine God，Among them, the number of Guandi Temple is the most、The largest scale，One place inside and outside the city。The Governor's Hall is on the East of the North Hutong Road, Chengxi Street，Yong Ning Society、The office is on the north of Chengxi Road。Houses and industrial and commercial stores are mostly living in the outer city，"No market in the city，Wei Ximen's market is very prosperous "。Three rooms of the taxation courses，Thirty -one feet of the surrounding earth walls，North Road, West Road West Road, West Gate, West Gate。Hujiang Guan、The Taxation Bureau is thirty miles east of the city。

Three surnames and Tun often encounter floods in the Qing Dynasty，Cause damage in houses in the city。Thirty years of Qianlong bet365 live casino games (1765) "Three surnames、Beat Ulara、Eidami Herosro Qidin's house was rushed into water by 164 "; Twenty -six years of Daoguang (1846)" Three surnames and other places in June rain，River water overflow，Chengzhuang、Tianlu was flooded，Granules are not harvested，The water depth in the city is several feet，Banner's capital accumulation is lost，Very serious "; three years of Guangxu (1877)" Three surnames and places rising water，There are many housing in urban and rural residents ";" Melgen in the 17th year of Guangxu、Bteha、Maoxing and other 27 stations after the autumn bitter rainy rain。Three surnames are raining in the rain "; Guangxu 26 years of" Three surnames areas rivers and rivers rise，Urban Min Tianlu was flooded "。Three surnames and Tun suffer from water disaster、The reason for the frequent damage of the house is，The area of ​​the area along the river，Low terrain，Entertainment erosion of wind and rain、Jiangshui washed，In addition, the house built does not guarantee warranty within the country's prescribed years。

Despite this，Because of the important geographical location of the three surnames and Tun，It is more frequent for its re -repair。Three surnames and the severe climate in the jurisdiction，Gas outings such as deciduous pine and birch trees，Chengyuan、Repairing materials of the Department and the official house，Mainly water transport transportation;，Building with Eight Banners and soldiers as the main army and civilians。For the officials of the place，Damaged houses in Xiuhuang City have become one of the important contents of their official duties，Even when the official alternates，You also need to check whether the house in the city is completed，"Newly repaired local bet365 Play online games officials in the city, the local officials encountered the promotion and departure，Will there be a collapse and explain to the takeover officer，If you explain that there is a collapse of unknown，Still repairs with the former official "。This situation has led to the concentrated repair of houses in the city. When the court rectifies the border city and officials alternate，For example, after the 12th year of Qianlong, Ninggu Tower's deputy capital, Yi Luntai, repaired the official house of the three surnames of Ningguta, the deputy capital of Ninggu Tower,。The cost of repair is a military -civilian fundraising，to "Change the 17th year of Qianlong to official repair"。

Kashan is the continuation of the Ming Dynasty health center，Implementing the grass -roots local administrative organizations of the border people's surnames in the Qing Dynasty，His chief is Kashanda, Manchu, Manchu Gaxan I DA，Han Translation Township Chief。Kashan and Mu Kun interweave each other，Forms Mu Kunda、Kashanda、Children、Bai Ding's hierarchical tissue structure，Among them, Mu Kunda and Kashanda belong to the official position of the Qing Dynasty，Guanyou Dai、Diploma，Awards Manchu Pay，Management area Gong Minks Reward Wuxi、clan、Household registration and other illegal things。The three surnames are in Ka Shan to live in water，distinctive characteristics，Concentrated in the south bank downstream of Songhua River and Heilongjiang Basin、Cross -Strait of the Wusi River Basin and Sakhalin Island，Shoulder the station transfer and military defense functions。Three surnames He Tun and the area of ​​the district are of great significance to study related issues such as the cross -border nation and the Herzheka people in the Qing Dynasty，But there is still a lack bet365 best casino games of research。The author is based on "The Map of the Emperor's Full Review" and other Manchus maps，Kashan is divided into six paragraphs at the intersection of the basin and the temporary office，From west to east, Haruka Kaishan west、and the intersection of the intersection of swallowing Kashan to Songhua River and Heilongjiang、The intersection of Songhua River and Heilongjiang、The intersection of the Heilongjiang and the Wusili River to Kaishan、墪墪 珊 to Qishan、Qishan to Heilongjiang enters Haikou。Where，and swallowed Kashan to Songhua River and Heilongjiang's intersection of water waves to gather Karhan，Barland distributed in the north bank、Bur and、Haman、Du Card、Buya、Elli、Silbada、Garting、Keer，Book of Book of South Bank、Xiaowan、Dawan、Big Zhuer、Little Zhuer、White Stone、Mu Shu Gallery、Ou 掐、Buddha and Lun、Nimi、Jia Musus、Yin Damu、Nimi、Yiche Su Su、Er Yin Manga、Don Yiheng、Wen Kangheng、mold and Luo、Kalkamo、Zheke Gallery。The distribution of the Wusi River Basin and the number、Dek Dengji、Banda、Tin Ancient Minister and other Kashan; Sakhalin is distributed in Laha、Telin、Yi Bai、Pron、Ecklona、Pitun、Sai and other "Six Surnames and Eighteen Villages, 146 Houses, Forty -six Hundred and Fifty Zhuang Ding"。

Three surnames and Tun and the area of ​​Kashan under the jurisdiction of Kaishan in the Qing Dynasty、stable edge、Maintenance of national territory and layout security、It has played an important role in promoting national integration。With our further interpretation of the Manchu archives of the Qing Dynasty and the Manchu Map，Not only can you clarify the relevant system and activities，It is more conducive to in -depth and systematically study the governance system Bet365 lotto review of the northeast border of the Qing Dynasty。

(This article is the Research on the Research on the Heilongjiang Social Science Fund Project "New Era Longjiang Spirit Soul Casting and Education Mechanism" (19ZSH073)、"Research and Research on the Research and Research of the Manchu Data of the Yaksa Mana in the Qing Dynasty" (18ZSC274) staged results)

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture Tourism, Heilongjiang University、Research Center of Socialist Theoretical System Socialism with Chinese characteristics in Heilongjiang Province)