The late archeologist Su Bingqi pointed out in 1979 that Chinese archeology "must answer the following questions correctly，Origin of Chinese Culture、The formation of the Chinese nation、The formation and development of unified and multi -ethnic countries "。After decades of material accumulation and in -depth research，The consensus of the archaeological community is: the earliest prototype of our Bet365 lotto review multi -nation -unified country can be called "initial China"，It has been formed in the prehistoric era。But the definition of "initial China"，There are two opinions in the academic community。

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Some scholars define the "initial China" as the initial、During the historical period, China Central Region、National governance that leads and maintains the surrounding areas，The original meaning of the word "closest to 'China' is‘ Kingdom Capital and Gyeonggi ’s area’，Where is the center of the power of the king's country，A strong cultural ‘magnetic field’ “Magnetic Farm” with heartpower and radiation has formed (Xu Hong ’s“ The earliest China ”，Science Press 2009 edition)。

This definition has two base points: First, the original meaning of "China" is "Central State"，That is the senior government of "Well -serving Quartet" in the center of a cultural circle，"Original China" should be the name of this center，Not the title of the entire cultural circle，is the "initial China" in the narrow sense; the second is to think that the unified country of the nation is in the early stage，It has formed a pattern of leading the four parties with geographical and cultural cores。Only such a powerful center can condense the entire cultural circle into a whole，Starting the process formed by the centralized Bet365 lotto review multi -nation -unified country in the historical period。

Under this definition，Around 4000 years from this time，The Tao Temple site of the Linfen Basin in the activity area of ​​the ancient history legend and the Tao Temple site of the Linfen Basin and the Luoyang Basin in the central area of ​​the Xia Dynasty were identified as the two powerful competitors of "the initial China"; Around the year、Liangzhu Site in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River，Although it is recently included in the World Cultural Heritage List，Becoming an internationally recognized important site that confirms the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization，But does it belong to Chinese civilization、The relationship between "initial China" has become confusing questions。Generally the same period as the Tao Temple site、The status of Shaanxi Shenmu Shiji site that has been repeatedly discovered in recent years has faced the same embarrassment in the origin of Chinese civilization。The fundamental reason is，The two base points defined by the "initial China" definition of the above narrow sense have problems。

　　Definition of narrow definition

First，The original meaning of "China" is not a senior government and civilization center in the center of a cultural circle，but only refers to the geographical center area of ​​this cultural circle。"China" name first now，In terms of archeological data，The "He Zun" inscription in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty: "Yu Qi's house，Zi Xue Min "; in terms of literature，There is "Shang Shu · Zi Cai": "Emperor Tian pays the Chinese people Yue Jue, the noodles of the first king"。In its context，The term "China" refers to the Central Plains region centered on the land convergence of Heluo。Just as some scholars pointed out，For the promotion of "under the world，Mo Fei King's Earth "concept for Zhou people for，"China" is just the central area of ​​"the world" in its Bet365 app download geographical and political concepts。"China" is also known as "Middle Earth"，and "East Earth", "South Earth", "North Earth" and "West Earth" are tied for。For the Zhou people who control the "world" and "self -schrimading"，The strategic location of "China" is more important，but not a political and cultural center，It is not the birthplace of the tradition of civilization。

"China" gradually has the connotation of "civilization center" from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods to the Qin and Han dynasties。"Book of Songs · Xiaoya · June" preface cloud: "，China Weiyi "，"Historical Records of Zhao Shijia" records Zhao Gongzi Chengyun during the Warring States Period: "Chinese，Covering the Smart and Wisdom Living also lives。"This" China "is generally covered with the control areas of the Zhou Dynasty princes。"Historical Records of Da Wan Biography"，Emperor Hanwu "Both smell Da Wan and Daxia、The genus of restraint，All great powers，Duqi、indigenous，Pretty with China "，This "China" refers to the core area ruled by the Han Dynasty。Visible，The term "China" starts from the connotation of the "Civilization Center"，Refers to a referring to a corresponding to "Siyi"、The range far exceeds the vast area of ​​the term "China" in the "Chinese" in "Houses"，The range is continuously expanding。

Next，More and more archeological data display，Chinese civilization formed、The process of appearing in the early state and dynasty was not a strong core of geographical and cultural in the center of the center to lead the Quartet。The Longshan Times of Tao Temple Culture (4300-3800 years from the moment)，The entire Chinese prehistoric culture can be divided into Fu Sinian's "West Highlands" and including the Yellow River when discussing "Yixia West"、Huaihe River and the "East Plain" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River。"Bet365 lotto review West Highland" in the north there is a powerful stone cricket crowd，Ganqing area in the west has a prosperous Qijia culture。In the "East Plain" area，Dawenkou Culture, which originated in the Haiyu area, has begun to integrate the entire area around 4800 years.。Longshan Times，The area of ​​Shandong Longshan Culture in this area、Henan Longshan Culture and Hubei Longshan Culture (Hou Shijiahe Culture)，A large number of cities appeared，Show the potential of "Wanbanglin"。The traditional Tao Temple culture from the "Western Highland" is located at the junction of the two regions，Absorb a large number of "East Plain" regional cultural factors，Forms a highly developed early state government，But it has not become a powerful core that is enough to lead the surrounding development。

Also located at the junction of the two major cultural areas of the East and West、From the traditional Erlitou culture of the East, the culture is quite dynasty.，Tao、Yuli Wares widely spread。But whether it already has the core force leading the surrounding development，Become a "Magnetic Farm" with "strong cultural field" with "heartpower and radiation" is still a question worth exploring。More and more evidence indicates that the Shang Dynasty has a large number of cultural factors in Northwest China，It may be difficult to explain it with the leadership of Erlitou culture for its rise。The development history of the subsequent Zhou people is based on the northwest region。

This can be seen，The above Tao Temple Culture、Erlitou Culture and Business、The formation and development of the two generations of the week must be fully interpre。The formation of this cultural circle is the milestone in the formation of Chinese civilization。

　　"Original China" in the general sense

The second view of "Initial China" is based on the understanding of the importance of the cultural circle。Zhang Guangzhi proposed bet365 best casino games in 1986，Around 4000 BC，Prehistoric culture in various regions of China is because of close interaction，formed the North Z from the Liaohe River Basin，South to Taiwan and the Pearl River Delta，East from the Coast，West to Gansu、Qinghai、The interaction circle of Sichuan，Can be called "China Interaction Circle"。Because "this prehistoric circle formed the geographical core of China during the historical period，And all regional culture in this circle played a certain role on the formation of the unified Chinese historical civilization of the Qin and Han Empire "，Zhang Guang proposed that this role can be called "the original China"，The "powerful procedure" developed by the Qin and Han dynasties that was unified to multi -ethnic groups。Han Jianye proposes the concept of "cultural early China"。

I think the author also thinks，The rear semi -leaf of the 4,000th BC，The major cultural areas of Chinese prehistoric development develop in the society simultaneously、Based on the "ancient country" stage，Each level with long -distance communication as the core of society、In -depth communication in all aspects，Gradually form and share similar cultural essence，connection becomes a cultural community that is closely related to China in geographical and cultural development in the historical period，That is "the original China"。The formation of "ancient country" and "first China" more than 5,000 years ago can be regarded as a sign of the origin of Chinese civilization。Compared with the narrow "initial China" concept，This broad -wide cultural circle in the broad sense of the cultural circle is the concept that is more in line with the formation of the formation of the Chinese civilization reflected by the archeological data。

　　More in line with the formation of civilization

First，The "initial China" in the broad sense is more in line with the term "China" in the historical bet365 best casino games period.，It is the geographical and cultural community of geography and cultural communities (rather than central areas within this range) formed by the regional culture within 5,000 years ago.。

Next，After the formation of "initial China" in a broad sense，All major social changes within its range need to be correctly interpreted from the perspective of "initial China"。After 5300 years from the moment，Liangzhu culture is because of the influence of Hongshan culture，Integrate the population of Lingjia Beach and Songze Culture、Economy、Politics and religious resources，Only the first super powerful political and religious center in the prehistoric era of China。Around 4300 years，Liangzhu culture declines like a stone into water，Stirring layers of waves，Tao Temple Culture has completed the construction of the early state。Around 3800 years，The rise of the culture of Erlitou is also the conflict between Tao Temple and Shi Ji、The complex social turmoil in the east。Business、The establishment of the two generations of the two generations，It can also be fully interpreted under the perspective of the interaction of the "initial China" area。In this magnificent process，The geographical center of the "initial China" has not been at the strong core position of the surrounding area。

Last，The civilization process of China is so magnificent，Expand within the range of nearly 3 million square kilometers covering the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Liaoshe Basin in the Yangtze River。It is in this context，Only the grand political concept that Su Bingqi is called "ideal China" completes the integration of various regions，Zhou people can complete the "below the sky，Mo Fei King's soil "of the political ambitions，Implementing this "ideal China" into "real China"。Looking at the world，The formation of the ancient Persian bet365 best casino games Empire, which can be matched with it in the territory, was the incident of several centuries of the Zhou Dynasty，and fleeting。

This can be seen，The concept of "initial China" in a broad sense is the key to recognizing the unique road of Chinese civilization，It is also the true meaning of the "Chinese school" advocated by Su Bingqi's archeology。

(Author Unit: Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)