After the revolution of Yin Zhou，Zhou Gong's Cultural Rites，All systems have changed。The biggest change in the relationship between gender relations is to re -regulate the scope of marriage，Establish a system of unmarried surname。In recent years, some scholars have discussed the changes in women's social status from the tombs，Different conclusions。Zhang Liyan ("Seeing Gender Differences in the Tomb of the Western Zhou Dynasty -also on the social status of the Western Zhou noble women"，"Jianghan Archeology" 2016 Issue 4) believes that the female status of the Western Zhou Dynasty is generally lower than men，But the difference is not obvious，No significant decline in women's status。Left Changya、Yang Wensheng ("Change of the Grade of Women's Nobles in the" Yin Zhou Revolution "，"Ningxia Social Sciences" 2017 No. 1) Called Zhou Li after the establishment of Zhou Li，Women's power in political society is deprived，Status fell。Both views are reasonable，Its conclusion is unpredictable and accurate。Female tombs in Shang Dynasty are less found，It is difficult to explore the changes in women's social status in Shang and Zhou Dynasties under the condition of insufficient information，But from the shape of the tomb、Funeral items, but you can observe the change of the relationship between the husband and wife of the Shang and Zhou dynasties。

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"Book of Rites · Tan Gong" said "Shun was buried in the wild of Cangwu，Gai Sanfei Wei Zhi also。Ji Wuzi said: ‘Zhou Gong Gai 祔 祔’ ”。This is the earlier record of husband and wife burial in the literature。About whether there is a burial in the Shang Dynasty，There are two opinions。Meng Xianwu passed the information of Yinxu Pottery Tomb. He believes that the husband and wife are different and the burial tomb accounts for about half of the Bet365 lotto review total ("Analyze the nature of the" Burned Crime "Tomb of the Yinxu Cemetery — the marriage form of the Yin Shang society"，"Huaxia Archeology" 1993, No. 1)。But he has not identified the human bone，Difficult to break the conclusion is accurate。Zhang Mingdong ("Research on Comparative Research on the Tomb of Shangzhou"，China Social Science Press 2016 Edition) and other scholars have denied that the combination of the husband and wife of the business couple is the mainstream burial。Although the tomb of the Shang Dynasty was severely stolen，But the academic circles basically recognize the tomb of Wangling District as the tomb of the Shangwang。Queen's tomb only found a good tomb，Far distance from Wangling District。Da Si Kong、Qijiazhuang East Cemetery, etc., also confirmed that there is no husband and wife burial in the handicraft gathering area。Yinxu distributed area with foreign culture，Ru Dingzhou Beizhuangzi、There is no burial tomb in the cemetery such as Luoshan Tianhu，Only a few tombs such as Lingshi Jingjie M1 can be seen in a few tombs.。It can be seen that the burial of the business couple is not common。

Early Western Zhou Dynasty，Ji surnamed Grave Cemetery has already had husbands and wives with different cars of burial tombs，Concerned with "Book of Rites · Tan Gong"。M65 in Yejiashan Cemetery, Suizhou、M2 and M27、M28 for the two groups of Zenghou couples together，Age can be early to Chengkang。Bei Zhao Jinhou Cemetery、Pingdingshan Ying Guo Cemetery、Junxian Village Wei Guo Cemetery, etc., and many generations of kings in the cemetery of Ji surnames、Mrs.'s husband and wife's alien burial tomb，The difference in the shape of the gender tomb is not large。Within Wang Yu，The noble surname of Ji also has a combination phenomenon，Such as M157 and M163 in Zhangjiapo Cemetery。The discovery of the burial tomb in the graveyard of the non -Ji surname，Baoji Stone Drum Mountain m3、M4 and other tombs are all burial tombs of husband and wife。Wang Wei ("The Research on the Research on the Tomb of the Celebrity bet365 best casino games of the Zhou Dynasty in the Zhou Dynasty" Peking University Archaeological Board College 2014 Doctoral Paper) is significantly different from whether the monarch and his wife are buried in the early period of the Zhou Dynasty.。Most of the burial tombs on the tomb、The gap between the number of coffin layers is not large。Until the late Warring States Period, burial is also very popular in the tomb of civilians。Wife does not return to the mother's home，The tomb system in the graveyard of the bosum has continued to this day。

　Gender tombs gradually divide wild

The discovery of the female tomb of late business women is not much，But the multiple weapons in the woman's tomb are still impressive。According to Wang Qi ("Archaeological Research on the Royal Social Characters of Yinxu Tomb"，"Jianghan Archeology" 2019, No. 1)，A total of 24 men with weapons for male tombs，about 15.8%of the total number of male tombs; 5 seats for female tombs，About 4.5%of the total number of women's tombs。It can be seen that men are in weapons、Production tools and other device categories accounted for an advantageous position。But the king's question to women's sake of fertility，It also includes the harvest of war and the harvest of women's land。Women's good、Women's 妌 also showed，Get in divination。It can be seen that women in Shang Dynasty actively participated in social life。

The role of women in the Western Zhou Dynasty seemed to have reversed in the war，Almost no burial weapon in the tomb。Except Changping Baishuki Tomb、A small number of non -Ji women's tombs such as Tengzhou Qianda still buried a small number of weapons，Buried weapons among the nobles surnames become men's patents。Therefore, in field archeological practice，Is it possible to use weapon funeral to determine the gender of the tomb of the Western Zhou Dynasty。In another war -related instrument -related instrument -car funeral，Gender differences are also very obvious。Female tombs do not set up car and horse pit，Large car components such as cars and wheels in the Bet365 app download tomb，Baldle -horse horses are not as buried as male tombs。Bronze man masks are also used by men，The unearthed unit of the mask Beijing Liulihe M1193、Pingdingshan Yingguo M232、M84 and other are male tombs，and only see the tomb of the monarch level。Weapon、Bisexual differences shown in funerals such as car and horse mask，Reflected women in military、Gradually lost positions in social life such as Witch 觋，Lost right to speak。This has led women to be limited to the internal affairs of the family，Forms "Men do not say inside，Female Women Stop "。

　　The system of the device highlights the difference between gender

Severe theft of Shangwang Mausoleum，Can't know the grain specifications of the tomb of Shang Wang。The queen specifications shown in the woman's tomb are more than 40 sets and more than 40 sets and multiple respects、卣、罍、pot、瓿、觥 觥，Supple and Ying Ding、簋、甗 甗、Geori、complex ritual combination composed of water heaters。Guojiazhuang M160 of Yinxu and M54 such as M54 in Garden Zhuang Men's Tombs, burial 10 sets of 10 sets or 9 sets of northern (horns) with other wine vessels、Foodware。Small female tomb Garden Zhuang M60 Buried in the wine device including 3 觚 2 Jones、10 bronze rituals composed of foodware。Small and medium -sized cemeteries in the cemetery such as Dashi Kong are only one or two sets of buns。Large tombs in the late business cemetery outside Yin Ruins are also buried more than 5 sets of mallogenesis with some bronze rituals。Obviously，The number of funerals with nobles with nobles，The number of funerals with low identity is small，Show a clear system system。Whether it is a large tomb，Still small and medium tombs，There is no significant difference in the number of gender -free gifts，Gender differences are not obvious。

The combination of the funeral device combination of the Western Zhou Dynasty is characterized by the heavy food combination with Dingbu as the core。The number of bronze rituals in the early sex tombs is generally more burial.，Institutional differences bet365 Play online games have not yet been formed。In the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty、Starting from late，Zhou people formed a system of use of a strange number Ding Dingjin 簋。This system not only stipulates that the number of emotions of Tianzi Zhishi，Also establishes the difference between the use of gender。The archeological discovery of the Jin Dynasty is the most typical，It is manifested as: high、Men in medium -grade tombs are generally two sets (or one set) tripods than women; low -grade tombs are different in the combination of rituals in the grave，There is a tripod in the male tomb，Only Ding or in female tombs。Winee、The difference in the instrument is also very obvious。Although the wine device is buried in the gender tombs, it is greatly reduced，But the burial of female tombs is less，In the early days, there were female pure food tombs，Ru Tianma -M6080 and M6197。Female tombs with burial instruments only horizontal water m1、Zhangjiapo M163 and other seats，Late instrument is almost extinct in female tombs。Zhou Dynasty is a ritual and music society，The importance of the instrument is naturally self -evident，Men's monopoly on musical instruments，Reflect that women are limited in some social activities。Female tombs are susceptible to fertility、The death time with my husband、Mother's status and other factors (Chen Zhaonong: "Gender、Identity and Wealth -Observation from Shangzhou Bronze and Tomb Religions "" New Theory of Chinese History (Gender History Book) "Lianjing Publishing Co., Ltd. 2009，The number of rituals caused slightly floating。Although individual tombs such as Hengshui M1 Bi Ji Tomb Rites are more than their husbands，But most of the rituals in most male tombs，Gender differences are very obvious。Male tomb、More wines，exclusive instrument，The total amount of giftware is more common than female tombs，It became a kind of funeral custom widely recognized at that time at that time。Compared to the Shang Dynasty，The difference between the Bet365 app download differences between the sexual differences of the sexual differences in the Western Zhou Dynasty has a tendency to institutionalize，The concept of men and women for the system has been widely recognized。

Shang and Zhou as different ethnic groups，Naturally, there will be different understanding of gender relations and husband and wife relationship，This leads to different degrees of difference in gender differences。Is the businessman's marriage system still controversial?，Therefore, it is impossible to know that the graveyard belonging burial after the death of women，Analysis of the influencing factors of its tomb specifications naturally cannot talk about。However, what you can know is，Zhou people strictly implement the "unmarried" foreign marriage system for "unmarried surnames"，As a result, the woman was buried into the husband's graveyard after death，The specifications of the tomb are completely determined by the husband and husband's family。Women in the Western Zhou Dynasty can only obtain limited power with the relationship between husband and wife，Social activities that can be participated significantly reduced，Therefore, I have a stronger personal attachment to my husband，Deepen gender difference。Therefore, the difference in the marriage system is generally believed that the difference in the marriage system is the fundamental cause of the changes in the relationship between the husband and wife of the Shang and Zhou dynasties。

The proportion of husband and wife in the tomb of Shang Dynasty is extremely low，Gender nobles in weapons、Although there are gender differences on the car and horses and rituals，But it is not judged the gap。Since the Western Zhou Dynasty，A large number of husband and wife burial tomb indicates that the relationship between women and husbands is more closely，Whether to bury weapons and other device classes show that there are differences inside and outside the men and women，The number of funerals in the ceremony can be displayed to a bet365 live casino games certain extent.，Gender differences have been institutionalized。The fundamental reason for changing the relationship between the relationship between the husband and wife of the Shang and Zhou dynasties is the change of the marriage system。Overall，The phenomenon reflected in the tomb indicates，Compared to Shang Dynasty，Gender specifications in the Western Zhou Dynasty have been established，Both sex division of labor is also clearer。This more mature social gender system，It has a profound impact on future generations。

(This article is the State Social Science Foundation Project "Bronze Word -centric West Women's Tomb Research" (17xkg008) phased results)

(Author Unit: Postdoctoral Research Station Station of China History of Shaanxi Normal University)