The Dunhuang Stele Inspector's Document is Dunhuang Xiu Gongji、epitaph、邈 Zhenzan and other character biography literature。"Chang He Tombstone" in the early Tang Dynasty，Five years of Song Taiping Xingguo (980) "Li Cunhui's epitaph and preface"，About 360 years before and after。Except for the first part of the Tang Dynasty in the early Tang Dynasty，Most of the rest are concentrated in the Dunhuang area of ​​the late Tang Dynasty and the fifth generation，From the first year of the Holy calendar (698) "Li Jun Mogao Cave Buddhist Monument" (P.2551)，Records the history of about 300 years in the Dunhuang area。

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Dunhuang Stele Inspector's inscription is mainly concentrated in Tibetan rule to Zhang Yichao、Zhang Huai's Shenzhen Return to the Yiyi Army Jiedushi，Records that the history of Dunhuang during this period is more detailed。and Zhen Zhenzan used the five generations of the late Tang Dynasty during the rebels，Early period (late Tang) Simple，Five generations gradually become less，Details of Zhenzan records in the Five Dynasties，History value of historical materials。Dunhuang history recorded in the Dunhuang monument、Dunhuang celebrities and monks' deeds，Less records in Zhengshi and other documents or are not recorded at all。

Dunhuang's inscription is closely related to the construction of Mogao Grottoes。Dunhuang's inscription is mainly a manuscript for merit，Some of the original monuments or extensions of some inscriptions are still preserved。such as P.2551 "Li Junmao Gao Cave Buddhist Monument"、P.3608、S.6203、​​P.4640 "Datong Longxi Li's Mogao Grottoes for Merit"、P.4640 "Datang Zongzi Longxi Li Family Revised Merit", etc.。But most of them are not saved，These inscriptions are more precious。These monuments in Dunhuang's documents are about the construction process and plastic content records of some caves in Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang，The caves referred to most inscriptions can be verified。

According to the customs of Dunhuang at that time，Monules must be made in each cave，Eroticon。Although most of the original monuments are not visible at present，bet365 live casino games But from these inscriptions, you can learn about it，From the records of the inscription, it can infer the construction year and the background of the era of some caves in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang。

Dunhuang's epitaphs currently discover only eight articles，There is Li Mingzhen、Zhang Huaishen、Yin Shanxiong、Luo Yingda、Zhang's、Liu Jinxia、Li Cunhui and others' epitaphs，Chen Yilong's "Dunhuang Ming Praise Small Collection" and "Five Trip of Dunhuang Ancient Monules" and the school records seven of them。Among them, "Zhang Huai's Deep Episode" has always been valued by the academic circles，The epitaph of epitaphs is called Zhang Huai's deep "politics will not encounter period，Vertical cow as evil，The monarch sees deceiving，殒 Do not use Tao "，From this learned that Zhang Huai Shen was killed in the internal coup of the Return Army，But who is launched this coup，The academic world has always been arguing。One is considered to be Son Xun，A kind of sister -in -law who is considered Zhang Huai's deep son、Yanyu and Zhang Huaiding。There is still no unified opinion at present。

邈 邈，Like a photo again、True Like、Zhenyizan、邈 赞、Cai Zhenzan，or praise for abbreviation。The same meaning。邈，Jiang Lihong "Dunhuang Change text": "邈，appearance。is drawing，... 邈 邈 should be ‘appearance’。‘appearance’ original meaning is appearance，Converted to a verb，Writing in the picture of the appearance，Read as sound。"Chen Yilong、Rongxinjiang and other records will be changed to "邈" as "appearance"。P.3627 "King of King": "Mrs. 诏 诏 邈。"" P.3697 "Catch the Season Change Text": "White soil brush the walls (teaching) painting，Dan Qing painting is more described。"So，"邈" The original meaning should be directly solved as drawing。Judging from the true praise of Dunhuang，"邈" and "writing" and "picture" are the same，"True" is the appearance。Dunhuang documents，No "appearance" instead of "邈" situation，It also shows that "appearance" does not include the whole meaning of "邈"。If the portrait is painted, it is colorful，Also known as Caizhenzan。According to the customs of Dunhuang at that time，Each portrait，Praise of the musty，Prepare Master Weng Gongde's performance。Dunhuang Ben 邈 True Like，bet365 best casino games It is generated in this case。

邈 邈，According to the writing time, it can be divided into written and written after death。There are not many life -like photos from Dunhuang documents: P.4660 "Du Monk Tong Tang Wuzhen Zhenzhen Polymissions": "Ear obedience，Color Power Russia Fack。"Praise was written in the first year of Guangming (880)，and Wu Zhen died in 895。P.3718 "Zhang Liangzhen's Presidential Photo and Preface": "Age is eight or nine，Xiaowu's body; admire the Zhenzong，Miaoda Ru as the same; limited for each thought gathering，Murder will come to the four snakes; not to the mind，Erzou secretly swallowed in your body。Shi Ling Like a couple，The use of a family loss for thousands of sons。倏，Pre -writing。Occasionally due to wither，Pre -writing，Life Lianggong，Ai Li Dan Qing appearance。"" These records，These people may have high age，or the disease is in the body，There is a loss of rituals after death，The story please write like a portrait first。Most of them are written after death，If there are no special circumstances，Within about seven days。

邈 邈，Can be divided into two categories: support image and legacy like。For icon，According to the texture of its painting, it is painted on the walls of the silk and the caves of the Mogao Grottoes。邈 Zhenxiang，That is the statue of the Lord，There is a statue of the same current。These statues are basically painted in the main death of the article。P.466 "Golden Guangming Temple Legal Law True Praise and Preface": "，Campaign clock，Wind lantern transportation，Instant Rong，Painting like a real shadow，Eye 眄 邕 邕，Please remember the notice，Think of the remains after wanting to be。"" P.4660 "Wang Jingyi Zhenzan and Preface":，Photo Trace in Zhentang。"Zhang Luxian Zhenzan", "Hexi Guan Inner Monk Tong Zhen Zhenzan", "Shazhou Shimen Zhang Sengzhengzheng", "Zhang Xingxin Zhenzan" and other praise articles marked the place of writing: "Title in Zhentang"，Jiang Liangfu、Yan Tingliang believes that it is Zhangqia，I think it is a movie hall、Lingtang is more actual。

In addition, the real image is still used when the burial is still used。P.2856 "Qianning Two -Year Camp Monk Monk List" is in the funeral in the funeral ceremony、Xiangyu、Public、Bell Che、Drum Cybers、bet365 Play online games Jiupin Passing、Shengyi public, etc.，"邈，Lawyer □ Lawyer，Lawyer Zhigang "，"Shengyi public，Yang Dang Temple "。邈、Shengyi is related to 邈 邈，It is likely that the public is the portrait of the burial。Jiupin Past Publicity may be placed for the portrait。It is speculated that the true as if it is used to recruit the soul of the dead to the funeral place when the funeral is sent to the burial land，It is an indispensable ritual in the funeral ceremony。So，Every time when people are old，绘 绘。The first to be done after death，Painting True Rong for the deceased，Write the song of the deceased's life performance，Write a gravery。

邈 Zhenzan is a special work produced in this case，It should be a picture and text、Preface to preface。but，During the long -term copying process，Especially the preservation of Dunhuang documents, Shizhenzan is copied by Fan Wenchuan as a temple student，So the Early (Late Tang Dynasty) Zhenzan only preserved the praise part，Late (Five Dynasties) preface and possession。True praise of simply graphic coexistence，We haven't seen it yet，I only know that the Japanese museum's collection of silk paintings "Zhang's True and Praise" is a document with graphic，But these true praise is generally painted with 邈 邈、Drawing together。This also shows that Zanwen and portraits are made at the same time。

　　Dunhuang Bei Mingzan Research Institute obtained

Dunhuang Written this inscription、epitaph、邈 Zhenzan and other character biography information，It is an important document for studying the history of the history of the Dunhuang and the early Song Dynasty in the early Song Dynasty.。Start with Jiang Ax "Shazhou Wen Lu"，The importance of the academic world has noticed the importance of this part of the document。Chen Yilong's "Dunhuang Mingzan Xiaoji" ("Mainland Magazine" Volume 4, No. 4) "Dunhuang Zhenzan Research", "Five Tunhuang Ancient Banknote Innocence" ("Dunhuang Cultural Relics Essays") and so on Ming、邈 邈。Tang Geng Couple、Lu Hongji's "True Social and Economic Literature Reception", the fifth series of "Tomb Style、邈 邈、Don’t pass、meritorious records, etc. "Based on the study of previous records，Large -scale albums，A total of 106 documents are included，If you remove the Monk Tongzhang Post and Jianye's Wishing for bet365 Play online games Jianye、Title, etc.，About 90 articles。This is the most contained at present、The most complete album。

but，There are some shortcomings in the records of Tang Genglu。One，Increase incomparable。such as P.2482、P.2970、P.2991、S.289、P.3518、S.1523、P.3770、P.2021 and other important inscriptions and praise documents are not included，Makes people unable to see the full picture of the Dunhuang monument praise from their records，I feel insufficient when using these documents。Its two，This series did not notice the relationship between the inscriptions of each scripture。P.2913、P.3556、P.4660 and other volumes of books and books，omit the incomplete part of the previous part，The possibility of losing the possibility of mutual stitching，It is undoubtedly a big deficiency。So，Editor sorted out all the Dunhuang inscriptions and praise documents，It is an urgent requirement for academic research。

Based on this reason，The author has started to edit "Dunhuang Stele Revelation Explanation" in 1989，Live three years，Written only，Record Stele In Mingzan Document 47 Volume，135 articles。32 inscriptions (5 articles)、epitaph 8 articles、Don't pass 1 article、94 articles (3 articles)，As for the inscription on the Dunhuang document we saw at the time、epitaph、邈 Zhenzan and other character biography materials are included，and the name "Dunhuang Stele Reception Explanation" was named in 1992 by Gansu Education Press。This book was well received after the publication was published，and Mr. Rao Zongyi, they can supplement each other's research ideas，Mr. Rao Zongyi called this book "There is a" Yuan Shi Ben Certificate "，It should be the biggest affirmation and praise of the author’s research。but，There are still many problems after the book is published，Leave a lot of regrets。

"Dunhuang Stele Inscriptions" was published，The academic world has Zhou Shaoliang's "New Editor of the Tang Dynasty" (2000 -year edition of Jilin Literature and History Press)、Chen Shangjun's "Edit of Tangwen" (2005 edition of Zhonghua Book Company)、The ninth series of "The Tangwen Make -ups" edited by Wu Gang (2007 Edition of Sanqin Press)，and editor of Rao Zongyi、Jiang Boqin、Xiang Chu、Rong Xinjiang and "Research on the Research on Dunhuang True Zhenzhen School Records" bet365 best casino games (Taiwan Xinwenfeng Publishing Company 1994) and Zhang Zhiyong's "Dunhuang Zhenzhen Like Translation" (People's Publishing House 2015) arts，Monoly Research on Scholars and Research Provide further information。

　　Deeper Dunhuang Stele Research

but，References that relevant researchers have rely on over the years，Mainly "Dunhuang Stele Inscription Praise Explanation"。With continuous use，We found a lot of problems，Mainly more interpretation errors。Reasons for the reason，In addition to your own knowledge background，Also limited by the research conditions at the time，No clear graphic information，Only relying on "Dunhuang Treasure" and micro -shrinkage scroll release，It is inevitable that there are errors。

In recent years，"French Tibetan Dunhuang Western Regions", "Russian Tibetan Dunhuang Literature", "British Tibetan Dunhuang Literature", "National Library Tibetan Dunhuang Liset Book", etc.，Especially many information about the praise of Dunhuang monument and research theory，Provides fresh blood for the Dunhuang monument。

For these problems，Starting in 2010，The author is engaged in other studies，Revised the content of the inscription on the while。First，Added the inscriptions that were not included in the original。Second，Added the content of the school，Especially Dunhuang documents。"Dunhuang Stele Inscription Release Release" after the additional remedy，increase the size of the original book a lot。Originally included 135 articles，After this additional revision，It has reached 2111，1.3 million words。Among them, there are many inscriptions and praise very important，Shanghai Museum Hidden 40th "Saudi History and Doulu Army Mids Doulu Mo Gao Lingling Buddha Cave Month"、Dunhuang Written P.2765 (P.T.1070) Danfan Gu Dunhuang County Bubai Dou Hao wrote "Dafan Shangshu Ling Great Great Shengsu Shengguang Temple Shengguang Temple" and other texts，The value of the study of the Dunhuang Grottoes and the History of Dunhuang is high。

I think，Study the relationship between the government of the Tang Dynasty and the Return Army Jiedushi，Especially studying the history of the Return Army of the Return of the Righteous Army in the early Song Dynasty and the early Song Dynasty，Must strengthen the in -depth study of the Dunhuang Bet365 lotto review monument。Several problems should attract the attention of academic circles: First, the merits of the construction of grottoes are getting less and less，Caves built more and more、The evolution of the merit method; the second is that the returning army and the surrounding relations activities are getting closer and closer，Travel、Embarraous、The records of monks frequently appear，The setting of the home departments of the Guiyi Army; Third, the Sug and Ethnic Minority activities of the Dunhuang area in Dunhuang during the period of the Gui Army，Especially the activity of the Tiele Department，Guiyi Army and Liangzhou、Ganzhou、Suzhou、Yizhou、Xizhou、Yu、The evolution of the relationship between Nanshan; Fourth, the social life status of the Dunhuang Buddhist Troupe of the Dunhuang in the late Tang Dynasty、The system of the Buddhist Army of Gui Yi Army is perfect、The test system of monks and nuns and nuns。

(Author is a Professor First -level Professor of Lanzhou University Cuiying Scholars、A special professor of the Yangtze River Scholars Award Program、Director of the Dunhuang Studies Research Institute of the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Sciences Research Base、Dean of the Dunhuang and Western Civilization Research Institute of Lanzhou University)