Researcher Pan Honggang's new book "Social Change of the Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty" (2018 edition of People's Publishing House)，It is a masterpiece based on the author's academic accumulation in the past 30 years。700,000 words in the whole book，The text is divided into eight chapters，Put the social changes of the people stationed in the defending flag in the Qing Dynasty and the vicissitudes of the three hundred years of the early years of the Republic of China、Comprehensive inspection。The author uses a large number of archives at all levels、Official Book、Local Zhi、Private History Collection、Newspapers and periodicals of the Republic of China in the late Qing Dynasty、Modern Literature and History Information、Literature materials such as the National Investigation Report，Also in Jingzhou and other more than a dozen Qing Dynasty eight flags to carry out field work，Collect a considerable number of local literature、Homepage、Ceremony、Ballad，I got a group of precious Bet365 lotto review oral information。Based on the combination of archives literature and field work，The author borrows on sociology、Anthropology、Methods of ethnicology，From collective memory、Cultural Psychology、Ethnic identity, etc. In -depth theoretical discussion，Comprehensive presentation of the horizontal appearance and vertical change of the social life of the Qing Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty，and its profound impact on the contemporary Manchu culture。Overview of the whole book，can be described as highlights，Destible。The following four aspects of contribution，Especially worthy of attention。

First，The in -depth system of indigenous system of civilization in the Qing Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty was a great founding of the book。The author pointed out，indigenousization is an important link in the history of the development of the flag -defense people，The impact is significant、Fortunately，worth paying attention to。At the beginning of the setting of the eight flag station，Emphasize the "Banner Banner" system，The station is just a "place for a business trip"，Beijing Division is the place where they Bet365 lotto review are where they are。As the country gradually stabilizes，Flag people are stationed in the field for a long time，Plus the growth of the population of the Beijing teacher，Banner system is becoming more and more difficult to execute，Qianlong is officially canceled in the middle of Qianlong。changes at the institutional level，Further promotes the world's residence group where flag people are resident。At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China，People in various places have regarded the landing place as their hometown in actual life and psychological in terms of actual life and psychology.。

Second，A major problem that has attracted much attention from the academic circles for Manhan Relations，The book is based on a comprehensive discussion of the social life of people in the defense of the flag in the Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years.，I got a convincing view。isolation in Manchu、Under the system of the division of the flag people，On the one hand，The people in the defense flag actually become the local strong crowd，There are always contradictions with the people。On the other hand，Banner relations also bet365 Play online games tend to be friendly、Harmonious side，Gradually form me with me、I have you in me、The mutually dependent pattern。until the end of the Qing Dynasty，The flags of the local station in each station are still based on harmony。At the same time，The people in the defense flag are receiving Han culture、In the process of incorporating local society and indigenousization，Always maintaining some kind of self -identity and some of their own cultural characteristics，As a result, a "harmonious" pattern is formed with the Han people。

third，This book carefully sorted out the evolution process of official relevant policies after the 1911 Revolution，Different experiences of flag people from different stages，Correct the previously believed that the flag people after the Republic of China were generally suffered from national discrimination、Single impression of general poverty。The author thinks，The Revolution of the 1911 Revolution broke the process of slow transition from professional soldiers from professional soldiers to civilians，prompting them to directly and quickly complete the difficult identity conversion。Inheritance with the trend of indigenousization since the Qing Dynasty，bet365 live casino games All places、The development path of the Defense Flag people in all strata after the Revolution of 1911 is not the same。Most of the flag camp communities died，Banner's identity、Occupation and class have obvious differentiation。This process shows the particularity and diversity of the history of the people in the people in the defense flag，It also provides historical revelation for understanding the characteristics of the Manchu family。

Fourth，This book is also combined with the perspective of gender research，Documents based on literature, especially field survey information，History of the history of the women's group of the Qing Dynasty flag camps was outline。Under the eight flag station defense system，As a soldier or a family member of a retaining soldier，Flag camp women are quite different from Han women。Flag camp women generally continue Manchu Tiandu customs，Family before marriage、The status in the family is quite respectable。But once they marry into the mother's house，Become a "little daughter -in -law"，Low lower than the status of women in the Han family，so that many girl girls are unwilling to marry，Become "Old Girl"bet365 best casino games 。Flag camp women are more influenced by war than ordinary women，Widows are also more than those in the surrounding people。If you encounter a major war，Flag camp women often experience tragic sacrifice。

To sum up，The book is in the history of the eight flag system、History of Social Life of the Banner、Manchu -Han relations in the Qing Dynasty and the history of the Manchu ethnic group have pioneering and innovative，Can be called the academic masterpiece of grinding a sword for decades，Impressive。Before the manuscript was officially published，He was rated as "Excellent" in the review of the National Social Science Fund.，It can be described as a veritable name。

(Author Unit: School of History of Nanjing University)