1964，Canadian media thinker Marshall McLuhan published his masterpiece "Understanding Media -Extension of People"。Beginning in the whole book，McLuhan banner clearly proposed his extension theory，that is, "The media is the extension of the person"。The so -called McLuhan's extension theory，refers to the expansion and extension of all medium (or technology) to a person's function。For example，Hammer is an extension of the fist，The wheels are extended to the legs and feet, etc.。

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"Understanding Media" preface has such a paragraph: "In the mechanical era，We have completed the extension of the body within the space。Today，After a century of power technology development，Our central nervous system has been extended again ... We are quickly approaching the last stage of human extension -the stage of simulating perception。At this stage，The creative understanding process will be extended in the group neutralization，and enter all areas of human society。"" From this we can see，The extension theory of McLuhan mainly includes the following three stages。

First，Phase of the body extends within the space。This stage，With the help of mechanical technology，People have realized the extension of their bodies in the external space。For example，The feet are extended with the help of the wheel，The skin is extended with the help of clothes and houses。

2，Phase extended in the central nervous system。Central nervous system Bet365 app download refers to regulating a specific physiological function (such as breathing、Temperature adjustment、Language) neurons group。Mike Luhan thinks，With the help of power technology，A person's central nervous system is extended。

​​third，Phase of perception simulation and extension。At this stage，With a certain technology，​​A person's perception is extended。How to understand this "last stage"? First look at the definition of artificial intelligence: Artificial intelligence is to study the use of computers to simulate、Thinking of extended and extended people、A new technical science of conscious process and smart behavior。Simply speaking，With the help of a computer to simulate the human perception process，is artificial intelligence。And this is the stage of "simulating perception from technical" by McLuhan。

　Test the test of high -level technology

Use technology to achieve simulation and extension of people with technology，Generally speaking, there are two ideas: First, imitate from appearance，that is, it seems "looks like"; the second is to imitate it function，It has similar functions。

In the mechanical age and before，Human beings are more to create more powerful eyes、Both feet、Fist，This reciprocity is more from "looking like" to start，For example, the wheels and feet are similar，Similar clothes and skin，Hammer and fist similar to。Since the advent of electronic media，Media's extension of people's extension more imitation of steering function。So，Artificial intelligence as an electronic media advanced stage，The direction of its future development is by no means to create bet365 best casino games a "human" robot，Instead, it realizes the intelligence of the human、Perception、Thinking、Simulation and extension of consciousness。

Taking this as the premise，Then you need to solve two problems。First，Can it realize the intelligence of people、Perception、Thinking、Simulation of Consciousness、Extension and expansion? As early as 80 years ago，Mc Luhan is convinced，Technical simulated consciousness can be realized。As for how to achieve，Is a problem that scientists want to solve。As for when to achieve，It's just a matter of time。For humanities，More importantly, the second question，That is to realize the intelligence of people from technical、Perception、Thinking、After the simulation and extension of consciousness，How do people face this high -level technology?

For more than a century，Start from Max Weber diagnosed the problem of the times as a "technical issue"，The materialized analysis of the youth Lukacci，The Frankfurt School, such as Malgsey, revealed the "unidirectional person" brought by technical rationality，Heidegger's questioning of modern technology，Eruel's assertion on facing technology can only be confessed without a way out，and Gadamer、Arrot、Habermas, etc., from the field of practice, the rationalized resistance of technology，Allow what we see is alienation of modern media technology、Compression and restraint。According to this idea，Modern technology represented by the large -scale production of machines (in the words of Mc Luhan，That is low -level limb extension medium)，Our way out seems to be just，Either to admit Bet365 app download it or poetic，Either aesthetic redemption or game escape。When we face more powerful artificial intelligence，In the face of this extension of human body and even nervous system，Instead of intelligence to people、Perception、Thinking、When the technology extends technology，Will our situation worse? Where is our way out?

　　Facing the challenge of artificial intelligence

Facing the huge change brought by the electronics era，Mc Luhan is anxious，but not pessimistic。For him，Fear and escape from things without supplement，The only way is to face it bravely。He choose to face the new environment brought by the new media，Explore the consequences of the media，Then I put forward a set of new methods facing the new electronic medium，This helps us face the challenges brought by artificial intelligence today。

First is an early warning mechanism。McLuhan's significance for media research is，He shifted media research from content analysis to analysis of the media itself and the consequences of the media，Paradis transformation of media research。So，Why did he do this? The real reason is: McLuhan starts from his "media environmental theory"，Think that any kind of lead medium will shape a new media environment，This media environment is always difficult to detect，Always work subtly to play a effect on people。In this unknown media environment，People will fall into a numb state，In McLuhan's words, "Creative numbness"。McLuhan's consequences of the consequences of the media，It is warning and helping us foresee this consequences of the medium in advance，Make people awaken，and find a way to get rid of the media control，Even in bet365 live casino games turn to control the medium。That is to say，Mc Luhan is not waiting for technology、After the media will alienate people，Seeking a way to solve it，Because it is late at this time、Back to the sky weak，Instead, it is necessary to happen before the media，Provide us with preventing needles and sober agents。This is the main essence of Mc Luhan's thoughts and the main value of the contemporary contemporary。

Followed by perception exercises。Since the electronic environment shaped by the electronic media will make us fall into an unacceptable environment and numb state，So，In addition to providing an early warning mechanism for alienation，McLuhan also called on people to take the initiative、Actively act，With the help of literature and art to practice people's perception，So that people can perceive the penetration and control of the environment to people。McLuhan has many discussions in this regard，Only simply listed a few places: "Literature is the research and training of perception" (the letter to Wolf on July 3, 1964); "so -called art，It seems to be a special artificial object used to improve perception "(September 17, 1964 to Calkin's letter);" as an anti -environmental art，helps to awaken people's perception of the environment "(the letter to Kaller on January 8, 1965);" The function of art is to use adaptability，That is the role of the robot "(the letter to Trudeau on March 26, 1974)。Perform perception exercises，Improve people's perception，This is the function that art must bear in the contemporary times。

Role playing again。Mc Luhan said: "People are disappointed with TV，The bet365 best casino games main reason is the failure of the critic。Critics didn’t see，TV is a new technology，It requires a completely different perception response。"" ("Media is Massage") In his opinion，People face the worry of artificial intelligence，Also because of the wrong guidance of the critic。They didn’t see，Artificial intelligence is a new set of technology，It requires a completely different perception response。So，Do not stare at some specific products in the mechanical era that may disappear，Strike the benefits and convenience brought by artificial intelligence。What I want to say here is work。Most works about artificial intelligence are pointed out，Artificial intelligence automation leads to a large reduction in job opportunities，Labor force is replaced by a large amount。This is inevitable。Because according to McLuhan,，The job is the product of the mechanical era，In the new media era represented by computers，What we have to do is not to work hard to retain jobs，Or singing an song for a job，Should be new perception、Method to deal with the new media and its creation media environment。In his opinion，Electronic medium is no longer a job，but role -playing。As Mc Luhan said: "The electronics are abolishing professional division of labor，work (job)，It is restoring the form of in -depth participation，is the role (role)。We are moving from the era of professional division to a comprehensive participation era。"" ("McLuhan said so")

Last，McLuhan also provides a set of specific methods to respond to the electronic media including computers，Method of "Exploring and Not Explanation"、"Sailor bet365 Play online games Escape" method、The method of "safe opens"、"Yu and cause、Reverse Solution "method、"Overall" method, etc.。

(This article is the "History and Reality of Literature and Art Media Studies" (18xna011) in the Scientific Research Fund of the Renmin University of China (18xna011)

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Renmin University of China)