Mongolian "Attachment" affects the relationship between Ming and Mongolia
August 24, 2020 09:41 Source: "China Social Sciences" August 24, 2020 Total 1995 Author: Zhang Zhizuo Chen Wuqiang

Early Ming,The Ming court took various measures to recruit the Mongolian Ministry to return to the Ming Dynasty。Under the influence of the Suihuai policies of the Ming court,There are a large number of Moso Mongolian Ministry of Mongolia and accepting the rule of the Ming court,A special group of people with a large number of people- "Attachment",This has a significant impact on the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia。

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According to historical records,When the Mongolian from the Mongolian in the early Ming Dynasty was withdrawn north,Mongolian survivors who stayed in the Central Plains are many。Ming Taizu adopted the policy of "governing the morality" of these stranded Mongolian survivors,Make them while accepting the Ming Dynasty jurisdiction,Can produce and live with peace of mind。For the upper nobles of Mobei Mongolia,and other ethnic minority officers and soldiers outside the Series,,persuade it to return。

After Ming Chengzu's throne,To persuade the desert of Mongolia to bet365 Play online games return to the Ming Dynasty,Forms "A good deal,Together as a family "peaceful situation,He has sent the envoys many times to persuade,and promise to "Zhishun Tianming,Lost Come to the DPRK,"Excellent and En,Still awarded official position,Listening to the Earthwriting,An Shengle Industry "。Yongle Three years (1405) July,I also awarded the "Jue Reward Regulations",The legal basis of the leader of the various ministries of Mongolia。

Hongxi、Xuande period,The Ming Dynasty was "Lord" for the northern Mongolians。Mongolians who belong to the Ming Dynasty,Not only is the official granting the jue,Give them rations、Tian soil,Allows them "to stay in office",shows the Kuan Ren of the Ming court,and realize Mongolian and Han "Yongdu sincerity,phase and contact,The hard work of the "same family" pattern。

orthodox period,Yingzong adheres to the system of the former dynasty since Hongwu,Treating to the attached Mongolians for gifts,Guan Jue、Give a thick reward。At the same time,In order to persuade the departure of various tribes in Mongolia,The Ming Dynasty also launched ideological influence,Let them psychologically generate "naturalized heart"。

  Properly place Mongolian "belong to people"

The Ming Dynasty was treated with the return bet365 Play online games of Mongolian officials and people who had returned to,Perform proper resettlement。Take a comprehensive,Mongolian officials and people returned to the Ming Dynasty,The Ming court adopted a "divide and treated" resettlement method: "Mongolian aristocracy、Officials and their families are sent to Nanjing,Give a good life treatment,The rest of the Mongolian military and civilians are placed in the health place or pastoral,Miscellaneous with the Han Army。Wish to live in the Mainland,Give the house、Land、livestock and utensils, etc.,Let it cultivate it。"" The former Yuan noble、The clan, etc. are all arranged for a job,It mainly works in various departments of the Ming Dynasty; and ordinary people are generally arranged in the military guards in various places for production or guarding。

Except for proper placement,The Ming government also allows Mongolia and Han to marry,and give Mongolia's special treatment for "exempting food" to the attached people。"The Law of Daming" promulgated during the Hongwu period,In "Household Law · Marriage" stipulates: "Fan Mongolia、Color person,Listen to marriage with Chinese people,Do you want to have two -phase wish,Do not marry and marry this bet365 Play online games category。Victor,Stand 80,Men and women enter officials as slaves。Among them, the Chinese are unwilling to return to back、Qincha is a marriage person,Listen to this category to marry each other,Not restricted。"" "This decree is also seen in the" Sixteen · Laws of the Ministry of Criminal Affairs "in the Minghui Code。Hongwu 23 years (1390),The Ming court also canceled the "Hook Army" regulations that forcibly patched the Mongolian sergeant after the death or escape,Make it able to settle in production、Destiny、Food and clothing has。Under the influence of the Suihuai policies of the Ming court,Many Mongolians who have continued to return to the Ming Dynasty voluntarily。

 Mongolian "attached people" influence Ming and Mongolia relations

Whether it is ordinary people,Still upper noble,Mongolians belong to the Ming Dynasty,Objectively has an important impact on the Mengmeng relations。

First,Mongolians bet365 Play online games return to the Ming Dynasty,On the one hand, the Mongolian power is to a certain degree of differentiation,"Fundamental changes in the pattern of Mingmeng confrontation"。On the other hand,Many people enter the bureaucratic system at all levels at all levels after the Ming Dynasty,Do your best to build your business,contributed bet365 best casino games to the development of the Ming Empire,Like Wu Yuncheng、Sun Jin、Xue Bin、Jiang Xin、Li Ying and others are the outstanding representatives of them。

Second,Ming court to the Mongolian nobles who have returned to、Given a certain trust and reuse of officials and people,Eashing the tension between the two。According to historical records,The Mongolian officers and soldiers who will be attached to the Ming Dynasty will be formed into part of the embargo for the embargo,Reflected that most of the Mongolian middle and lower officers and soldiers at that time were willing to play for the Ming Dynasty。

third,Mongolians who returned to the Ming Dynasty lived in Central Plains for a long time,Have more exchanges and exchanges with the local Han people,Gradually integrate into the local society,Objectively make their national concept、National concept gradually changed,and even "Push over time,The degree of change is getting greater and greater "。

Of course,What must be pointed out is,Therefore, some of the officers and soldiers of the Yuan Dynasty returned to the Ming Dynasty.。For this,Ming Taizu has also been repeatedly guarded by the Mongolians' "fraud",and also to prevent the reduced Mongolian officers bet365 best casino games and soldiers。This can be seen,Doubt and prevention of Mongolian attached people is also an indispensable aspect of the Ming court Mongolia policy。So,In the process of recruiting them to bet365 Play online games return to the Ming Dynasty,Trust and prevention is both,This is determined by the background of the era of the Ming and Ming war and the pattern in the early Ming Dynasty。

In short,During this period, the Mongolians returned to the Ming Dynasty,Forms a special group- "Attachment"。Ming Ting treats them with courtesy,Perform proper resettlement。The existence of these attached people,It has a significant impact on the relationship between Mingmeng,Objectively changing the ideas of both parties,promoted the communication and integration between different tribes of Mingmeng and Mongolia。

 (This article is the general project of the National Social Science Fund "The Central Government and the Tibetan Society of the Minister of the Minister of the Ming Dynasty" (17bzs052) phase results)

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Northwest Normal University; Academy of Ethnic Research Institute of Tibetan University of Nationalities)

Editor in charge: Wang Ning
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