Economic issues are important propositions in the study of bet365 sign up bonus code’s history。Previous sages have investigated the labor issues of peasant bet365 sign up bonus code in the Qing Dynasty，Research on the livelihood of intellectual bet365 sign up bonus code in the Qing Dynasty，Depends on the large number of publications of bet365 sign up bonus code’s works and related documents in recent years，Also possible。An investigation of the livelihood issues of intellectual bet365 sign up bonus code in the Qing Dynasty，Not only can solve the history of bet365 sign up bonus code in Qing Dynasty、Questions related to economic history，It is also an analysis of bet365 sign up bonus code’s art and its spiritual history、Important aspects of life history，Can present bet365 sign up bonus code and families in the Qing Dynasty in three dimensions、Multidirectional interaction between family and society。

There were more than 4,000 intellectual bet365 sign up bonus code in the Qing Dynasty，The vast majority still need to engage in livelihood activities，Is an important dependence for family survival。His means of livelihood，First, traditional textile、Embroidery and other manual labor；The second is to rely on intellectual talent，Making a living as a "boudoir teacher" or a female painter。

Nühong has always been an important component of female education in ancient times。bet365 sign up bonus code of all ages will weave、Clothing is regarded as an essential skill in the boudoir。The population exploded during the Qing Dynasty、Overpopulation in the Imperial Examination，It is normal for middle- and lower-class scholars to live in embarrassment，Most intellectual bet365 sign up bonus code marry these literati。They bear the heavy responsibility of making a living，Put yourself into any form of work that can sustain your family，Become the breadwinner of the family。

The various styles of female celebrities in the Qing Dynasty，Weaving、Mainly embroidery，There are also handmade velvet flowers，Make Tongcaohua、Ribbon-cutting flowers，Tin paste、Weaving bamboo baskets and other more difficult and low-profit jobs。Hard-working bet365 sign up bonus code can feed two or three people by spinning and weaving。And serve Weng Gu、Raising children，There are also clothes for the whole family、Medicine、Children reading，All kinds of expenses are huge。Maintaining a family’s livelihood with female celebrities，I can only make a living、Branch on the left and weak on the right。

Well-educated and intelligent bet365 sign up bonus code have another option - becoming a boudoir teacher。Guizhou teachers can be roughly divided into four categories: one is chaste bet365 sign up bonus code、Virgin、filial daughter，These single bet365 sign up bonus code account for the majority of boudoir teachers，They have to support themselves and their orphans on their own，Even support parents。Second, my husband’s family is poor，To support the family，bet365 sign up bonus code must work，It is also very common for bet365 sign up bonus code to set up separate accounts with their husbands。Three are some bet365 sign up bonus code in war，It is difficult to make a living in the troubled times of great changes in the family and the country。The fourth is other situations，If you meet someone unkind、Strengthen your ambition when your aunt is unkind、Fend for yourself。Visible，Being a boudoir tutor is a helpless choice for bet365 sign up bonus code who fall into extreme situations in life。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Zhejiang darlings Wang Duanshu and Huang Yuan pioneered the trend。The two lost their home in troubled times，The husband is unable to cure his illness，Had no choice but to travel around the world as a boudoir teacher。Her career as a female teacher was full of poverty、Wandering、Dangerous and criticized by contemporary people。Especially Huang Yuanjie，One of his two children died in danger while traveling with their mother。But as their circumstances become poorer, their poems become more sophisticated，Gained great fame among scholars and ladies，Became the benchmark for independent bet365 sign up bonus code in the Qing Dynasty。Their status as almost professional boudoir teachers also provided a behavioral paradigm and psychological foundation for subsequent bet365 sign up bonus code to seek social roles。

Qing Dynasty documents record a large number of female boudoir teachers，Society is gradually accepting this group，And eulogize and praise bet365 sign up bonus code for supporting themselves。They set up academies at home，Even has star power，Sought after by ladies and scribes。bet365 sign up bonus code gain social respect while becoming independent，It can be seen that Jiangnan provided a suitable living space for some working bet365 sign up bonus code in the mid-Qing Dynasty。

The professional significance of a boudoir tutor goes beyond making a living。Some famous boudoir teachers，Gui Maoyi, who is known as a "hero" and "female clan"，Also praised by Weng Tonghe as "virtuous and capable，Banshi from Han Dynasty、Zong Wan of the Song family of Jin，They "are the spiritual descendants of the most respected female scholars in the Confucian tradition，Acquired an unquestionable respect" (Gao Yanyi's "Guizhou Teacher: The Culture of Talented bet365 sign up bonus code in Jiangnan in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties"，Jiangsu People's Publishing House 2004 Edition)。Different from the early boudoir tutors Wang Duanshu and Huang Yuanjie who were ridiculed by the world，Later literati gave legitimacy to the profession of boudoir teachers，Compare them to Xuan Wenjun, a Confucian scholar、Fu Nu and Ban Zhao，Is the preacher of Confucian classics and the inheritor of the ancient "female teacher" tradition。

Compared with the boudoir teacher，Female painter is a more artistic identity。Use paintings as commodities to circulate bet365 sign up bonus code market，Enables most female painters to stay at home，There is less pressure from public opinion、Psychological struggles and ups and downs。Boudoir painters can be divided into three categories: the first type is both a boudoir teacher and a painter，For example, Ganquan Zhang Yin teaches the poetry and painting of Ruan Yuan’s female family members；The second category is already famous、There is an endless stream of people seeking paintings with huge sums of money，Ruwu Jin Yun Bing、Changshu Ma Quan, etc.，They are productive and rich；The third category is those who have not yet gained a reputation but still need to actively create、For Sale，This type of female painter accounts for the largest proportion。

bet365 sign up bonus code in the Qing Dynasty made a living by painting，The first person to recommend Li Yin during the Ming and Qing dynasties、Huang Yuanjie。But the two of them are in troubled times，The improvement of life caused by painting resources is extremely limited。Kangxi period，Xiushui Chen Shu supports his family with his painting skills、Teach your children to become famous ministers，Many paintings were praised by the emperor and placed in Tibetan palace，Finally became a role model for female painters。The Qian family of Chen Shufu’s family in Jiaxing started his career by winning numerous Jinshi during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty，But it was gradually declining by the time of Kangxi，Her husband has been a commoner all his life and is not good at managing life。Chen Shu’s paintings are comprehensive，Gongbi、Good at both freehand and freehand，Landscape、Flowers and Birds、There are characters of various themes。At first his character was not very high，Need to paint every day，Send the old servant to a prosperous town more than 20 miles away from home early the next morning to sell，To support the family and educate the children。

Some painters still need to be responsible for sales。Qiantang Shen Shanbao lost his father in his early years，I have been selling paintings to support my mother and brother since I was 16 years old。Her poetry collection details the situation of selling paintings outside Daoguang in 1832: she set out from Hangzhou on the tenth day of August，Li Changzhou、Jiangdu、Gaoyou to Huaian，More than one month left bet365 sign up bonus code trip，Braving the wind and rain，Returned after the painting was sold。Shen Shanbao traveled thousands of miles，Just because Huaian was an important water transportation center at that time，Dignified people gather，Paintings can sell better。The premise is to maintain high output，Shan Bao uses his luck even bet365 sign up bonus code boat，No time to spare。

From the perspective of income，Shen Shanbao saved more than 100 taels in two and a half years，Sold dozens of bet365 sign up bonus code one winter，Get about 50 taels of gold。And during the Qianlong period, Zheng Xie's style was "a large amount of six liang"，Medium width four taels，A small amount of two taels" (Kuai Xian、"Zheng Banqiao Calligraphy Collection" compiled by Lu Junfeng，Culture and Art Publishing House 2014 edition)，Prices during the Daoguang period were roughly equivalent to those during the mid-Qianlong period，In comparison，Young Shen Shanbao’s salary is already quite generous。

Therefore，If you are talented and diligent enough，One person can support a bet365 sign up bonus code，Even have enough money to pay for the publication of poetry collections and social expenses。

In the Qing Dynasty, the middle and lower intellectual families were generally poor，Most educated bet365 sign up bonus code have to participate in family economic activities。They are generally well educated，In female infrared，Can also use literature、Art can make a better living。The pressure of survival forces them to continuously improve their skills and expression，Increase output while improving art。Attach importance to bet365 sign up bonus code’s education，It not only improves their ability to make a living，Provide better education for the next generation。With the change of economic status，The status of bet365 sign up bonus code in the family has also undergone subtle changes，Many times become the leader in family affairs，Even takes a considerable initiative in writing family history。

(Author’s Affiliation: School of Communication, Soochow University)