Economic issues are important propositions in women's history research。Former Sages have been investigated on the problems of farmers' laborers in the Qing Dynasty，Research on the women's conspiracy to make a living in the Qing Dynasty，Relying on a large number of publishing of women's works and related literature in recent years，It is also possible。Examination of the issue of women's life for women in the Qing Dynasty，Not only can it solve the history of women in the Qing Dynasty、Relevant issues of economic history，And analyzes female art and their soul history、The important aspect of life history，You can present women and families in the Qing Dynasty、Multi -directional interaction of family and society。

The number of women in the Qing Dynasty more than 4,000，Most of them still need to engage in life -mobbing，It is an important dependencies for family survival。Its means of making a living，First is a traditional textile、embroidery and other manual labor; the second is to rely on intelligent knowledge，As a "boudoir division" or a female painter, make a living。

Female Red has always been an important component of ancient female education。Women in the past will be textile、Dressing as a must -have skill in the boudoir。The explosion of population explosion in the Qing Dynasty、Excessive bet365 best casino games population of the imperial examination，Life in the middle and lower levels is the norm，Most of the knowledge women are married, this part of the literati。They assume the responsibility of littering，Invest in the form of labor that can maintain family survival，Become a family economic pillar。

Diverse women's red methods in the Qing Dynasty，Textile、embroidery，Another hand -made velvet flower，Make grass flower、Cut the ribbon flower，Tin、Weaving 箬 箬, etc.。Diligent women can support two or three people by textiles。Raising Weng Gu、Raising children，There is also an old and small clothing、Medicine、Children reading，All kinds of spending huge and fierce。Maintain a family with female red，It can only be barely living、Left support and right。

Smart women who have been educated well have other choices -become boudoir。Boudoir division can be roughly divided into four categories: one is the festival woman、Virgin、Filial Girl，Most of these single women occupy the boudoir，They must support themselves and orphans alone，Even supporting parents。Second, the husband's family is poor，To support the family，Women must work，This kind of women and husbands are also common in disciplinary accounts。Third, women in some war，Difficult to eat in the troubled times of the home country。Four is other situations，If you meet someone、When the aunt is not kind, he will take his own mind、Make your own food。Visible，Being a boudoir is a choice bet365 Play online games of helplessness after a life is in extreme situations。

On the occasion of Ming and Qing Ding Ding，Zhejiang Bouduan Wang Duanshu and Huang Yuan open up the atmosphere。The two lost their family in troubled times，Husbands are all governing their lives，I have to move around the river and lake as a boudoir。His female teacher's career is full of poverty、Wave、Dangerous and non -discussion at the time of people。Especially Huang Yuanjie，Its children died in danger when they ran with their mother。But they "getting the poor" and "poetry worship"，Get a huge sound in the Circus and Loudit Circle，Become a benchmark for independent women in the Qing Dynasty。The identity of their almost professional boudoir also provides a behavioral paradigm and psychological basis for the subsequent women for women。

The literature of the Qing Dynasty recorded a large number of female boudoir teachers，Society is gradually accepting this group，and praise for women's self -reliance。They open the academy at home，Even with a star effect，Housekeeping by ladylikes and scribes。Women's independence and gaining social respect，It can be seen that Jiangnan in the middle of the Qing Dynasty provided space for some professional women。

The occupational significance of the boudoir is not just self -consistent。Some famous boudoirs，If it is known as "Hao Jie" and "Girls"，Also praised by Weng Tonghe as "virtuous and more capable，庶 庶、Zong Wan of the Song of the Jin Dynasty，Their "descendant bet365 Play online games of the spiritual descendants of the most respected female scholars in the Confucian tradition，Gained an unquestionable respect "(Gao Yanyi" Boudoir Master: Talent Culture in Jiangnan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty "，Jiangsu People's Publishing House 2004 edition)。Different from the early boudoir Wang Duanshu and Huang Yuanjie's sarcasm，Later literati given to the boudoir's profession legitimacy，Compare them to Xuanwen Jun as the Confucian Scripture、Fu Nu and Ban Zhao，It is the conforge classic missionary and the traditional inheritor of the ancient "female teacher" tradition。

Compared with the boudoir teacher，Female painter is a more artistic identity。Painting as a commodity circulation in the market，Makes most female painters be able to keep their houses，Lares on a lot of public opinion pressure、Psychological struggle and rivers and lakes。Boudoir painter can be divided into three categories: the first category as a boudoir and a painter，Ruquan Zhang Yin Yin Yin Yin Yuan's female family poems and paintings; the second category is already famous、Heavy gold seekers are constantly，Rujin 恽 恽、Changshu Ma Quan, etc.，They are high -yield and rich; the third category must be actively created by reputation、Sell，This type of female painter accounts for the largest proportion。

Women in the Qing Dynasty painted for life，3241_3252、Huang Yuanjie。But the two personalities in troubled times，Painting assets' improvement in life is bet365 Play online games extremely limited。During the Kangxi reign，Xiushui Chenshu is supported by painting assets、Church becomes a famous minister，A number of paintings are rewarded by the emperor and entered the Tibetan government，The final model of the female painter。Chen Shufu's Jiaxing Qian's Qian family rises into a scholar during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty，But it has gradually declined when it was Kangxi，Its husband's life -long clothing and not good treatment。Calligraphy and Calligraphy Comprehensive，Gongbi、Freehand is good，landscape、flowers and birds、There are all kinds of characters in the characters。At first, it was not high，Need to continue painting every day，The old servant was sent to the bustling town of more than 20 miles away from home the next morning for sale，To support the family teachings。

Some painters also need to be responsible for sales。Qiantang Shen Shanbao In the early years, he lost his father，Since the age of sixteen, he has sold paintings to support his mother and brother。The collection of poems detailed the situation of Daoguang Twelve years (1832) to sell painting: She set off in Hangzhou in the early August，Changzhou、Jiangdu、Gaoyou to Huai'an，Itinerary for more than a month，Yongfeng Rain，The paintings are sold out before returning to。Shen Shanbao traveled thousands of miles，Only because Huai'an was the place of fortune at that time，Gathering of Daiguan Gui people，The painting can be sold better。The premise is to maintain bet365 Play online games high output，Shanbao even moves the wrist even in the schedule，No half of my spare time。

From the perspective of income，Shen Shanbao has accumulated over 100 two in two and a half years，Among them, dozens of paintings in winter，Gold about 50 two。And Zheng Zheng's Runge during the Qianlong period was "large six or two，Mid -range four -two，Small two or two "(蒯 蒯、Lu Junfeng edited "Zheng Banqiao Calligraphy Collection"，Culture and Art Publishing House 2014 edition)，Daoguang's price is roughly comparable to the middle of Qianlong，Comparison of comparison，The reward of young Shen Shanbao has been rich。

Therefore，If the talent is good and diligent enough，One person can support a family，There is even some time to bear the poetry collection and social costs。

Under the situation of general poverty in the middle and lower levels of knowledge in the Qing Dynasty，Most knowledge women have to participate in family economic activities。They have generally received good education，In female infrared，You can also use literature、Art can better make a living。Survival pressure forced them to continuously improve their techniques and expression，Increases the output while refining art。Pay attention to female education，Not only promotes their ability to make a living，Provide better education for the next generation。With the change of economic status，Women's status in the family also has a subtle change，Many times the leader of family affairs，Even the writing of family history also occupies quite active。

Bet365 app download (Author unit: Suzhou University School of Media)