How to achieve a decree unity is one of the important contents of ancient Chinese national governance。Only the policy order is unified，The policy of the court can implement it，to improve administrative efficiency、Realize social stability。Since the establishment of the county system，The central government uses the local administrative system to achieve the issuance and upload of government information。To improve national governance capabilities，Outside the local administrative system，There is also a direct dispatch special commissioner to monitor、The historical tradition of handling local affairs，and gradually formed a new system。Land in the Tang Dynasty is divided into more than 300 states，Governance tasks are heavy。To achieve effective governance，The Central Government of the Tang Dynasty divided the country into more than ten stations，According to the Taoist Land Supervisor，Improve the local governance system，Effective implementation of the guarantee government order。Tao has appeared in the Han Dynasty，"There are barbarians in the county"。but，Tao of as a national policy area，originated from the Northern Wei Dynasty。The Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty is engaged in supervision、Organize Tun Tian、Ambassador and the scope of the activities of the work of condolences and other work。Eastern Wei Bei Qi appeared in the political district "Xingai Road" with a unified military and political district。The Tang Dynasty inherited the Northern Division，and profit or loss。

　　bet365 live casino games In the first year of Wude (618)，Li Yuan takes Changan as the capital，Establish the Tang Dynasty。At that time，Wang Shichong、Dou Jiande、Xiao Mo and other separation forces still exist，The core task of the Tang Dynasty during the war was to complete the national unity、Realize social stability。Seven years to Wude，Each cut force was destroyed，Basic unity of the country，Officer system、Law System、Establishment of the basic system of taxation system and other basic systems。The Central Government of the Tang Dynasty gradually adjusted the local governance system，Make sure that the decree can accurately、smoothly from the center to the grassroots。

One aspect，The Tang Dynasty established a local administrative hierarchical system，On the basis of inheriting the second -level system of the Sui Dynasty (county) and county，Adjust the state of the state and county。The first year of Wude，"State prefecture，Reform the eunuch as a thorn history "，But this is just the name of the Tang Dynasty's inheritance of the Sui Dynasty.。until the period of Zhenguan，The Central Government of the Tang Dynasty passed the "Mi -Provincial State and County"，Reduced the redundant administrative institutions，Complete adjustment of local states and counties，Established the administrative system of the Central -Prefecture -County。

On the other hand，The Tang Dynasty canceled the military and political institutions set up during the war -General Management House and Xingshi Shangshu Province。The stalemate that once established in the early Tang Dynasty was a military and political area that inherited the Northern Dynasty system。Wingfai is the Zhongshu Shangshu Province，Is the highest local military and political institution，Its area is "Tao"。There are six elements in the early Tang Dynasty: the province of the eastern part of Shaanxi Road、Xianzhou Daoxingtai Province、Southeast Daoxingwan Province (also known as Huainan Road)、Yizhou Daoxing Taiwan Province、Xiangzhou Daoxing Station (also known as Shannan Road)、Hebei Daoxingwan Province (also known as the Mountain Walkward)。Six Elementary School officials set up a ratio of Zhaoshangshu Province，But its officials are not all prepared according to the staff of Shangshu Province。

Xingwang Road is a wartime system，Six Inner Management of the General Management of the Six Road is under the jurisdiction of the provincial province，The General Management of the Sixth Road is subject to the Central Government。Bet365 lotto review The Chiefs of the Fang Dao Dao Guanzhong is quite heavy，You can even "be punished in the tube"。This is easy to cause the arrival with the central government order，Weaken the central government's rule。More，Wingdang Road is not generally implemented in the country，There is a different scope of power in various banks。This has caused confusion in the national and local governance system，It makes it difficult for the central government to effectively implement it to the global。Therefore，Wude Nine Years，Six Elementary Schools are all revoked。

Although the road road is canceled，Da Tao as a system is retained。The Tao of the Tang Dynasty can be divided into three categories: geographical zone science、Functional zone and political district。Geographical planning mainly refers to the ten of Zhenguan; the functional zone can be divided into the road of military zoning and the monitoring zone.。Before the Rebellion of Anshi，As a monitoring zone, the road to the Tang Dynasty is most closely related to the Tang Dynasty，Can be combined with the local administrative system，Urges the central government to implement it on the place。

　　Divide Ten Zhenguan.The Way Road is a temporary military management method adopted to handle military affairs in the early Tang Dynasty，It is not included in the national and local governance system。In the first year of Zhenguan (627)，Tang Taizong officially divided the whole country into ten。"From the Suiqi Season，Group theft first attachment，Power of the Prefecture County，In the first year of Zhenguan、In the first year of Zhenguan。In the first year of Zhenguan，Avoid the order。Beginning in the shape of the mountains and rivers，Divided into Ten Roads: One is called Guan Inner Road，Two Henan Road，Three Yue River East，Four Yue Hebei Road，Five Yue Shannan Road，Sixth Longyou Road，Seven Yue Huainan Road，Eight Yue Jiangnan Road，Jiu Yuejian South Road，Shiyin Lingnan Road。"(" Old Tang Book "Volume 38" Geography One ") from the surface，The standard for dividing ten paths is "mountains and rivers"，That is, the influence of the ancient social traffic is affected by terrain，Most of the Ten Mountains、River is boundary。but，This division is essentially relying on the national transportation network centered on the capital Changan。early Tang，established a radiation traffic system to the whole country with Chang'an，Mainly there are the following lines: Jingliang Line、Jingjing Line、Jingluo Line、Luo You Line、Jingxiang Jinggui intersection、Luo Yang Hangzhou Line、Jingyi Line。Ten Road is closely related to it，Only traffic conveniences can ensure that the central government order is fast、Effectively convey to the place。

Ten Ten Roads drawn from the transportation of transportation，Not only the road on the space entity，It is also a channel for information to communicate。More than 300 states in the Tang Dynasty belonged to ten，This is convenient for the central government to use Tao as the outline，Sort the geography of each state、Humanities，and hukou、Tax、An and other information。For example，13 years of Zhenguan，Statistics of the Ministry of Households and Households、The account of the "13th Years of Zhenguan" is divided into the states of the country in accordance with the road。Based on this，Wei Wang Li Tai adopted the method of "separation of the prefecture" to compiles "Spirators"。So，During the process of information processing，Tao has become a standard for different categories of information in various places。

Zhenguan Ten Road is a geographical area，But has a positive effect on local governance。On the one hand, it is convenient for the central government to integrate national information; on the other hand, jump out of the local level system，It is conducive to the implementation of the central affairs outside the local administration。As the system construction gradually improves，Local administrative management is gradually complex，Tao has developed military and supervisory functions，helps to implement the central government order。

　　Become a monitoring area.The central government of the Tang Dynasty sent a comprehensive envoy to inspect all places，Starting in the eight years of Zhenguan。"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" contains: Tang Taizong "Nai Ming (Li) Jing and Tai Changqing Xiao Yan and other three people in the world，‘Inspectors’ s officials are not small，Ask folk suffering，Li Gao Nian，Poverty，Jiujiu flirt，The messenger is here，Ruyi see '"。Li Jing、Xiao Yan and others as Ambassador，Representing the emperor inspect local officials、Understanding the suffering of the people、Elderly Elderly、Answer poverty、Viewing Provincial Customs。The scope of its power not only includes the supervision of local officials，And to examine the situation of various places，Provide valid information for central governance places。Since then，18 years of Zhenguan，Tang Taizong wanted to "send seventeen inspections"; 20 years of Zhenguan，Paid "Twenty -two Personal Inspection Quartet"。visible，The Tang Dynasty gradually used the road to make a place to make a monitoring place，Its purpose is to strengthen the mastery of local officials' performance，Guarantee that the decree is effectively implemented in the place。In the first year of Zhenguan, the world delineates the world as ten，Later Ambassador Ambassador used the road as a branch to the world，The number of sent people is not limited to ten people。Tao divided during inspection，It should be temporarily increased based on the ten of the first year of Zhenguan，The way of the Tao and the inspection is associated with。

The administrative system of the Tang Dynasty is neatly planned in an institutional form.，Local governance is reflected in the local administrative system of the second -level system of the state and county，On -the -job officer settings are reflected as officials in accordance with the officials of officials in accordance with the employee order and official product order。But，Local management in actual political life has to consider various elements in social operations，You need to break through the uniform system form。From this，"Tao" and "Divine" that is independent of the local level system and the special affairs of the special affairs of flexibly handling special affairs。Taoism and envoys are not in the category of the official system，But can break through bet365 live casino games the barriers of the inherent system，Solve new problems facing the central and local government relations，A system of "outside the system" formed，The institutional flexibility of the Tang Dynasty is fully exerted。The country dispatched the ambassador by the country，Although the various ways are not necessarily completely corresponding，But the combination of the "support" independent of the official system of the law or ordering system and the "Tao" over -level local level system，Maintaining the independence of supervision in local governance。Twenty years of Zhenguan，The main task of the central faction is "inspections with six inspections，Gong officials "。This means that the central government has gradually attached importance to monitoring local officials，It indicates that the Tang Dynasty has established a monitoring mode according to Taoist envoys，Local governance system is becoming increasingly perfect。

After Zhenguan，The Tang Dynasty constantly adjusted the Taoism。Tang Gaozong increased to thirteen times，Wu Zetian recovered to ten，Tang Rui Zong Jingyun changed to thirteen during the years。Twenty -first year of Kaiyuan (733)，The Tang Dynasty delineated the world as fifteen ways: Gyeonggi Road、Duhuidao、Guan Inner Road、Henan Road、Hedong Road、Hebei Road、Shannan East Road、Shannan West Road、Huainan Road、Jiangnan Dongdao、Jiangnan West Road、Longyou Road、Hexi Road、Jiannan Road and Lingnan Road。The following year，Added Qianzhong Road。Taoism during the Zhenguan period belongs to geographic zone，The Tao of the Kaiyuan period has become a supervision zone，Each permanent interview disposal to deal with，Responsible for "Prosecution illegal"。Kaiyuan Road system actually establishes a direct grass -roots monitoring system，This can effectively supervise the local decree，Breakthrough administrative block。After the Anshi Rebellion，A large number of Jiejiezi adds to the Tang Dynasty，Jiedushi area is also known as "Tao"。Jiejie also leads the interview disposal，Supervisor and Jiedushi Tao gradually Bet365 app download combined into one，A political district above the state。

Brief words，From Zhenguan to Kaiyuan，Dao Cong geographical planning becomes a supervision zone，Reflect that the government of the Tang Dynasty continuously adjusts according to the governance、Improve the national system，Try to establish a channel communication channel from the central government to the grassroots level。Zhenguan Ten, delineated by the traffic line, becomes a spatial carrier for information transmission，The Tang Dynasty is based on this，Promote the implementation of the decree through the method of faction。The monitoring system established by the Tao system established during the Kaiyuan period，Further improved the local governance system，Provide institutional guarantee for the unified decree。

(Author Unit: School of History of Renmin University of China)