The Research on History Practice in the mid -to -late 1980s was before the rise of Chinese historians，Most historical researchers believe that it can reveal the truthful historical truth，Get objective understanding。Most of them think，It has a scientific and objective attitude towards historical materials，There is a scientific theory of materialistic history view as guidance，The efforts of constantly testing historical understanding in historical materials and physical evidence，How can I not have an objective understanding of the historical process?

Affected by the turning or critical historical philosophy from the historical philosophy of Western historical philosophy from the historical philosophy of the Western historical philosophy，Chinese historical circles have begun to study historical epistemology，and quickly set off a small climax。Discussion on the issue of historical epistemology in deeper，The subject of historical cognition will inevitably be affected by many subject factors and become common sense。Then，After the intersection of the century, modern history is introduced to the country，and soon have a large impact。Post -modern history not only emphasizes the impact of subjective factors on historical understanding，Emphasized the constructive nature of the language used by historians，Therefore, historical understanding can only be the discourse system constructed by the subject of history，No objectivity to speak。If the objectivity of historical understanding refers，So，After two rounds of impact after historical epistemology and postmodern history research，There are not many people in the historical community that I believe that historical knowledge can be objective、Science。No wonder some scholars' words: "Studies of historical epistemology have smashed the bowl of historians，Postmodern history research smashed the pot of historians。”

The deconstruction of this view of historical understanding can not bet365 Play online games only be questioned by the legitimacy of the existence of historiography，By the division of historic theoretical workers and empirical historical researchers。The former gave up thinking about major theoretical issues of historical process，The road to singing and historicity is getting farther and farther; the latter adheres to its own empirical research，No longer paying attention to the "noise" of theoretical workers。

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Some historians regard the historical view of materialism as a historical body theory，The theoretical system of the historical development process itself，It seems that it has no knowledge in the research of historical epistemology。Some scholars think，Research on historical epistemology fills the blankness of the historical theoretical research of materialist history，is the major development of historical theory。But this is not the case，The consciousness of the historical concept of materialism in historical epistemology，Provides us with new ideas for breaking through the stagnation of historical understanding of objective problems。

First，The creation of the historical view of materialism has overcome the defects of idealistic history and mechanical materialism on the issue of historical understanding，This avoids the subjective theory of subjective two points。Ideological History Agreement advocates subjective decision objective，The source and decisive factors of the historical understanding are subjective factor，It does not recognize the restriction effect of objective objects on understanding。Mechanical materialism theory advocates objectively determining subjective，The source and decisive factors of historical understanding are objective factors，Historical understanding is just a mechanical reflection of objective historical processes，It does not recognize the active role of the subjective factor for history。The historical view of materialism surpasses the subject and objective two points，It is not considered a subjective decision to be objective，It is not advocated that it is objective to determine subjective，Instead of affirming life decision consciousness。Marx and Engels clearly stated: bet365 live casino games "Not consciousness determines life，Instead, life determines consciousness "" Consciousness can only be the existence of being realized at any time，and people's existence is their real life process。"Since the historical view of materialism advocates" life decision consciousness "，That determines whether the historical understanding is not the subjective factor and how much function is played，It depends on whether the understanding of the real life experience is profound and comprehensive，and whether the historical outlook formed so is scientific。

Next，From the perspective of determination of life，The formation of historical cognition is the unimaginable real life of the subject of history。Marie never says that his political position is the starting point of its research，"I can't hinder our criticism of politics，Putting a clear political position，Therefore, actual struggle is the starting point of our criticism "。The purpose of Marx to engage in historical research is to transform the real world，Solve the problems raised to him in real life，"philosophers just explain the world in different ways，The question lies in changing the world "。As for the theory used by Marx in the History Research Institute -Material History Opires，It is formed by him through a comprehensive and profound life experience in real life，Among them, not only the profound and extensive academic research，It also includes the actual struggle that he devoted himself to the proletariat to fight for liberation movement。

It should be said，Studies of History Copy。The representative of the analysis or critical historical philosophy、Italian historical philosopher Crozi pointed out，It is the interest of real life that prompted people to study the facts of the past，"Obviously，Only the interests in life can make people study the facts of the past。Therefore，This past fact is only a piece of interest with the current life，It is not aimed at a past interest, but for a current interest "。British historian Carl pointed out，The position held by historians research history is formed in his real life，"The position itself is rooted in a social and historical bet365 best casino games background"。but，But they go to extremes，Think that all historical understanding is just constructed by historical researchers according to their own understanding and imagination，No one has the right to declare that their own knowledge is objective。Crozi denies an objective history that exists independently without relying on the subject of recognition，Think that it is a "eternal fantasy"; Carl also thinks，"Building these basic facts is not based on any characteristic of these facts itself，Instead, it is based on historians 'priority' decisions "。One step ahead of the truth is false，The above historical epistemology Researchers from the subjective factor will affect the truth of history and understand this truth.，Negative the existence of the objective historical process and the possibility of correctly understanding the objective historical process，thus caught in idealistic mud。

　Correctly understand the objective historical process

The theory of historical epistemology believes，It is the performance of the main role that causes historical awareness to not objectively reveal the historical truth，From the perspective of materialist history，It is inevitable to play the main role in the process of understanding。History cognition is the understanding of the subject of history，and the historical understanding subject cannot be influenced by the subjective factor formed by itself in real life。The key problem is，Historical understanding affected by subjective factors must not correctly understand the objective historical process?

Although there are different divisions，But the division of history into historical facts and historical interpretations should be the division that can be accepted by more people。Through the investigation of the two evidence of historical materials and archeological physical objects，Objectively determining historical facts，is the basic work that must be done in history research，It is also an object that most historical researchers believe that they can be objectively revealed，Even the representative of postmodernist history Hayden White does not deny that it can be objective in determining historical facts。But the historical bet365 best casino games interpretation is the cause and effect explanation of historical facts，It is currently that most people in the historian community believe that it is impossible to be objectively revealed，So you will not judge the explanation of all kinds of explanations，Instead, "Personal Story and Public Personalized，Practical attitude of Po said that Po is reasonable "is accepted frankly。This is the fundamental cause of the existence of various interpretations or ridiculous interpretations of historical interpretation or absurdity in the historic community。

The historical view of materialism has long solved the standard issues of testing and judging historical understanding，That is the practice standard。Just as Marx pointed out，"Does human thinking have objective truth，This is not a theoretical problem，but a practical problem。People should prove the truth of their thinking in practice，That is the reality and strength of your own thinking，That is the shore nature of your own thinking "。Engels also emphasizes the practical inspection standard: "The taste of the pudding knows it。When we use these things according to the characteristics of the things we perceive,，Whether our perceptual perception is correct, it is accurate and incorrectly tested。”

Of course，Indeed, as pointed out by the Institute of History,，History is disposable，Unable to use past practice to test and judge historical understanding。This is undoubtedly the biggest difficulty in adhering to the practical standards in the field of history。But as we have previously demonstrated，The theoretical framework of historical understanding to explain historical facts is formed and evolved in real life of the subject.，The interpretation of historical facts is to use this theoretical framework to establish causality between historical facts。Therefore，We can first test this theoretical framework in real life.。If in the test of real life practice，This theoretical framework is proven to be wrong，Then it cannot make the correct historical interpretation of historical facts。Converse，If it can withstand the inspection of real life practice，Then under its guidance, bet365 best casino games it is possible to give the correct historical interpretation。Of course，This theoretical framework can also accept the test of historical facts。The reason why the theoretical framework can give a historical interpretation，It is because it will sort the degree of importance between various historical reasons，What are the most important reasons that it thinks。This，It can be inspected by the objective historical facts identified by historical researchers to test this cause，Especially whether the most important reason it can be identified is correct。

　　The key lies in the theoretical framework

This can be seen，Although the historical understanding subject is affected by many subject factors，But this does not mean that we cannot obtain the correct understanding of the objective historical process。Because，The key to determining whether the historical understanding is correct is to explain whether the theoretical framework of history is correct，Can you withstand the test of history and real life。

Starting from the principle of "Life Decision Decisive" by the historical view of materialism，The deeper the deeper、The wider the real life experience，The more helpful us to form deeper、The theoretical framework that is more insightful。The reason why Marx can quickly complete the transformation from idealistic history to mechanical materialism to the historical materialist view，It is because of his more extensive experience in real life、Rich，It is also deeper。It is the "material interest" problem he encountered in real life，Promote him to make amendments to the original research direction and theoretical framework，"between 1842-1843，I am editor of the Rhein News，For the first time I encountered difficulties in the so -called material interests。Rhine Provincial Council's discussion on forest theft and real estate analysis points，At that time, Mr. Feng Shabel, the governor of Rhine Province at the time, was the official commemorative battle on the situation of the farmers of the Moser's farmers，Last，debate on free trade and protection of tariffs，is the initial cause that prompt me to study economic problems "。

It is under the continuous movement of real life bet365 live casino games problems，Marx continuously promotes its own research，Finally created the scientific theoretical system of materialist history。This undoubtedly set an example for historical researchers。Snail living in the ivory tower not only limits our vision，and also binds our theoretical thinking，Makes us trapped in fine historical facts without extricating。Return to real life，Formed in a comprehensive and profound real life experience、Theoretical understanding of inspection and development，is the right way to promote history to go out of theoretical poverty。

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of History Theory of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Deputy Editor -in -Chief of History Theory)