As the Royal Garden of the Qing Dynasty，Nanyuan (also known as "South China Sea") is located in the Fan Fan Fan Fan Fan Flat Plain in the southeast of Beijing，It is the place where the palace of the Emperor's summer avoidance is in the house，It is also a place to "talk about martial arts" to maintain "riding shooting skills"，It belongs to the five major fences of the Qing Dynasty (Rehe Mulan Block、Shengjing Wing Field、Jilin Wing Field、Heilongjiang Basefield、Nanyuan Wing Field)。To avoid the flooding of Yongding River，Nanyuan has won the Qing government's attention and protection。This is also an important reason why Yongding River's governance has been promoted to the national level，There are many cultural factor worthy of inheritance。

First，Water treatment is an important content of national governance。Human use of natural resources，Follow the principles of profit -seeking and avoiding harm，Water resources use is no exception。Human water treatment，One is production and life，Two is to avoid water suffering。Many times，The use of water resources belongs to the behavior of the state or group。The governance of Yongding River in the Qing Dynasty is a national behavior，That is the governance at the national level，It aims to avoid water suffering、Avoid the second disaster caused by avoiding governance。For example，Due to the water -building beam of water, the water flows the water, the river stasis is caused by the water flow、Tailing stains and stasis，or even the water body disappear、Water ecological deterioration。For this，You need to invest a lot of manpower、material resources and financial resources，Treatment of human water relationship。This kind of water treatment has always been understood as "governing politics" at the social level，It is the content of national Bet365 lotto review political governance，Become an important culture that needs to be inherited。

The purpose of the Governance of the Yongding River in the Qing Dynasty was to "protect Gyeonggi without having no time to overflow"，Avoid the floods to endanger the transportation of the Beiyun River and Nanyuan Wing Field。Due to the large amount of sediment in Yongding River，The river is changing，Once named "Wu Dinghe" "Hunhe"，"Yuan Shi" is called "Little Yellow River"，Entering Shuntianfu Wanpingjie，迳 迳，The name "Lugou River"。37th year of Kangxi (1698) July，From Luogou Bridge，Pick the river to build a embankment，Bazhou Xinhecheng，Given the name "Yongding River"，Jianhe Temple。From the beginning of the year，Start scale、Regulate the river in all directions。October of the following year，Emperor Kangxi inspected the river working hours: "Although the Yongding River is small today，Like the Yellow River，Try to brush the law with hydropower，Deep deeper the bottom of the river ";，Building both sides of the river embankment，If Yongding is effective，This method is used for the Yellow River "; also said:" Construction strategy，All the way to teach all the way，All in my bow，All in my bow。"42 years of Kangxi，South Tour North Return，also said: "See today Yongding River，朕，All benefits。”

Hejing Wanping Watch Dan Village South San Sanchakou，Divided into two stars: one shareholder flows to Gorolizhuang, Tongzhou to enter Baihe，It is the Hunhe River;。Hunhe Jinghua Township，Strike Nanyuan。Therefore, the governance of the Beijing section is mainly in the Lugou Bridge of Wanping，Follow the west of Daxing and the southern end，Extension to Yongqing、Wuqing area。Xiaojiazhuang, Wuqing，Remit with the Fenghe River from Nanyuan from Nanyuan。The Fenghe River that moves north to the south is a dam from the Yongding River and the North Canal，Prevent the Yongding River water from the pouring of the sediment into the Beiyun River and affect the transportation。bet365 live casino games Early Year of Yongzheng，Prince Yi rectify Fenghe Wuqing section，Seeing dozens of miles in the wilderness plains of Baihexi，Only Fenghe "Lord of Lord，Breaking flow of meandering and southeast to Wuqing's，River Body Stubborn as Ping Lu "，"One rain，Not only Tianlu is filled，That is, the canal embankment is also in the water "。From yes，Performance，It will be derived from the southwest of Beijing and the Liangshui River in Hongren Bridge in Guannan Garden，From the high village to the south to the village，Then "Follow Fenghe Host Road，excavation such as storage，Rebon with watering "，to "South，North of Dianhe，Xinghu Shunliu，Daishion Ligue "。In the early years of Qianlong，Build wetland Chengsha flood prevention，Guard Nanyuan。

2，The Concept and Practice of the Water Treatment of the Emperor Kanggan。In the governance of Yongding River，The concept of water control of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong reflects the understanding of the water environment in the historical process，is a model for national water treatment，The important role of cultural heritage。Emperor Kangxi with the Ming Dynasty expert Pan Jizhao (1521-1595) "Bidth of Water Water，Borrowing water to attack sand "theory is based，Proposal "beam water attack sand"，Building embankment，Solid Water on the River，Human -guided water direction，Such a "water row sand brush，Never Decision "，"Sand to the river deep，Embankment Yi Ke Ke "。Emperor Qianlong advocated "scattered water and uniform sand"，Following the principle of "with sparse instead of blocking" in accordance with Dayu's water treatment，Complete the recovery and maintenance of the southern wetland of Yongqing Ice Cellar。

In the process of practicing the concept of Kanggan Water，Main officials are Jackie Chan、Or Tai、Or Tai、Sun Jiayu、Gu Yan、Fang Guancheng et al.。38 years of Kangxi，After the actual survey of Li Guangdi，Proposed "from Guo's Family to Embankment" to build a dyke and pick river plan。The two sides of the banks bet365 best casino games built from the stone embankment below the Lugou Bridge of Wanping，"Change the South Bank to the North Shore"，Nangdi connected to the south bank，From Guo Jiawu，Building Dongdi in the North Bank，From He Mazi Camp，Stop from Liuchakou, Bazhou。In the second year of Qianlong (1737) June，Yongding River Raise，More than 40 villages such as River Iron Dogs on the South Bank of China and Zhangke, North Bank，Return to Fenghe River under the decision of Zhangke。Gu Yi's life survey，Raid objections to the method of attacking the sand in the front of the water，Think of the embankment "clip the river，Leave the room without water "，Dianbo Gradual Smilk。Put forward the "Shili Yao Di" solution，It is recommended to bypass the village of the town，Where you can't get around，or Growing the foundation，or relocate，The quantity is to dial to the room for demolition。

This strategy was opposed by Or Tai，Discussion in Beidi to change the new river，As a South Diba，The east and down the "Dragons of the Tide"，Repeatedly built a rolling stone dam on the north and south banks，Drive the river，Heqing turbidity，allowed to be allowed。The built dam and the river introduction of the water exit of the Zhangke of the North Bank，Donghui Fenghe。The north of the river is dense，To prevent overfill，Build Lisha again，大 outer camp、Pang Village、Dong'an's south builds a remote embankment，Water blocking north to overflow。Guojiawu Cao Dam on the South Bank，"The old river body of the high bars is as appropriate as a natural rolling water，Building an ice cellar wetland。Guide to the river from "East slightly north，Back to the lower mouth "，Divided water reduction。Assembly，Fang Guancheng guidance downstream water flow，Building an ice cellar wetland。centered on Jin Yongqing Bingjiao Village，Set the sediment in the Yongding River flood area in the south of Jingnan。Set the sediment in the Yongding River flood area in the south of Jingnan，Yongqing Guojia, who starts from the southeast of Daxing。

Turkey refers to the ice cellar after the new mouth of the Yongding Bet365 lotto review River，Waterproof West flow，Between the Diantanpo 埝，Royal Water Pour "，This is the wetland west boundary，Generally in north and south。and separated Tanpar in the three years of Qianlong was built in the south of Guojiawu in Qianlong，Treating northwest -southeast。That is, the Guojiashiba Exit of Guojiashouba from the northwest of the ice cellar extends to the southeast，Turn to Northeast，Ones of leafypes，East to Sanhetou，Until the east bank of the lower reaches of the Fenghe River，Blocking Yongding River impacts the North Canal。The extension of the 埝 is the southern boundary of the wetland，Also known as Nanzhang。Later to the Guo Jiawu's mouth to the soil of the soil, the tanpot of the soil is about one foot.，As a western "Water Channel Extraction" as an ice cellar。

third，The cycle of water treatment and governance is reciprocating。Treatment of water is like governing politics，About people livelihood，Also related to the relationship between people and water environment。The practical activities of the Qing Dynasty governing Yongding River will inevitably cause the contradiction between people。Especially in the wetland construction and maintenance project，It will inevitably enters the village farmhouse。River water flows in wetlands，Sanshui uniform sand，Migration。The people are their own safety plan，Often "built a siege dam"，Waterproof suffering，Can people who collectively refer to "dam"、Min embankment，Occupy wetland，Not conducive to leaking water。Considering "the river body is more village，That is, one point of water potential "，The Qing government is limited to the expansion of villages in the wetland and the size of the dam.，Relocated it in an orderly manner，and appropriate funding。Qianlong thirty -one year，Remove 11 villages near Nanyu out of 11 out of 11，Move out 632 households，Four villages such as Fanyukou near Beibei and 16 villages along the coast of Fenghe，"Check out the household room，Preview is limited "，"Do not add to the room"。

bet365 Play online games After the wetland is completed，Due to the flood of the river，Mud deposits，Land fertilizer，Forming the farming characteristics of "Lianling Fengye" and "One Water, One Mai"。For this，and "Benevolent Emperor Grace，and "Benevolent Emperor Grace，Quarantine people, etc. return to the original farming，The room is suspended for demolition，Such as a sewer and via，Immediately move，Dare to take the house price again，I would like to issue a Canton Stock Case in advance "。Facing more people and less、The reality of difficult people's livelihood，The Qing government acquiesce，Only published "the villagers who are not allowed to take the villagers to take the cover of the nest shop" limit order。Check it in a few years，More than 50 villages，The people "The benefits of fishing and reinforcement，Human Gaofu，Water rises with the ship as the home "。Therefore, we moved out more than ten more than the village closer to the river bed，Storer still "ban its room，Stacking a encapsulation dam，The disadvantage of Du Zhanju filled "。

Visible，In the use of water resources，The struggle between people and water is a cycle of water entering people retreat、The process of water retreat。Emperor Kangxi's beam water and the recovery of the wetland of Emperor Qianlong，It plays an important role at a specific stage。Six years of Jiaqing (1801)，The big flood that hasn't encountered in the Yongding River for a century，A blank ocean around Nanyuan。Wudian、Six -circle local horses to be flooded，"Gathering by Water Refugees"。Twenty -four years of Jiaqing，"Water Fall into Nanyuan"，Daxing、Wanping Village is water，Man Shui "Da slip from Huangcun area to the southeast，Divided by Nanyuan collapsed wall to West Red Gate Westbound，Its Nanyuan Red Wall is widening in West Village，Escape villagers have no way to pass "。The Qing government "" High -level from the palace in the garden，Several places to cover the shed "，Make refugees temporarily stop eating。In front of the flood，Avoiding water bet365 best casino games suffering is still the main purpose，Yongding River governance cycle to reciprocate。

Human water treatment，Need to adapt to nature、Follow water、Sustainable development，This is the core value of cultural heritage。In the process of getting along with nature，Battlefield is a spirit，Harmony with each other is a feeling，We must continue to draw cultural nutrients，Different forms of resource use of resources，Follow the past，But the important link of improving people's livelihood。The National Governance of the Qing Dynasty Governance Yongding River，The concept of improving people's livelihood and concept of conforming to nature，Reflected the ancients in response to the laws of nature、The inevitable requirements of subjective initiative。

(This article is the "Research on the Gyeonggi Water Environment of the Qing Dynasty" (15lsa005) in the Beijing Municipal Social Science Fund key project)

(Author Unit: Beijing, Tianjin -Hebei Cultural Integration and Innovation Center; School of History of Renmin University of China)