After the king of Zhou Kang succeeds，The Western Zhou Dynasty began to turn the focus of the Scriptures to the south。But the offender of the Northern Tribunal，You must also be a teacher to conquer，To ensure the implementation of the South -soil business strategy。King Kang 25 years，Ghost Fang Chaos Ran，Sui Nangong Yu led the division to compete，Destroyed military strikes for it。This matter is lost，It is only seen in the inscription of Xiaolu Ding。Xiaoying Ding was unearthed in Lixun Village, Qishan County, Shaanxi Province in the early years of Qingdao.，I have lost today，Only the inscription is extended。The inscription is contained in the king of Kang Life Destiny Ghost、Return to Beijing、Captive Celebration Awards。The large number of plunders in this campaign，See you only in the Western Zhou Dynasty。What is there a mystery in the meantime，It is worth careful discussion。

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Ghost Fang is an ancient Fang Guo tribe，Oracle Bosib has been visible and。The word "ghost" is from human beings，Combat with "Said"。The glyphs of Jinwen in the Western Zhou Dynasty are slightly different，Xiaolong Ming and Liang Bo Ge increased the form，It seems to bring "hit" meaning，But it does not hinder it as one word，or indicates that the ghost has the characteristics of the ethnic group that he is fighting against。Because the ghost recipe is less，And Wuding repeatedly cutFang, Dong Zuobin, etc.Fang is a ghost, not recognized. Wang Guowei "Ghost Fang Kunyi狁 狁 狁 读 读 读，Kunyi with its sound change、Kaoru、狁，regarded as the name of the family，Nor do it。Later scholars in -depth research，Ghost Fang should be an independent ethnic name in the Oracle Golden text，It has gradually become consensus today。

For the ghosts of the ghost tribe，Wang Guowei has a pioneering contribution。He takes the ghost and Kunyi、狁 As a family，It is said that the ghost recipe is "nomadic family，Non -settings "，The scope of its activity is from the west of Zong Zhou (between the Longlong) and it is included in the northeast，This is not desirable。But he was proved by Liang Bo Ge bet365 Play online games Ming to the north of Liang Boguo (now Hancheng, Shaanxi)，"Mandarin · Zheng Yu" said the "隗" country as the northwest of the Jin Dynasty，However, it has an important enlightenment role for us to explore the regional area of ​​ghosts。

Look from the literature，"Poetry · Xiaoya · Dang" "Qin and Ghost Fang"，Mao Chuan: "Ghost Fang，Far also。"is that Han Confucianism does not use the ghost as the tribal name，I don’t know what it is in。Eastern Jin Qianbao Note "Yi" "Ghost Fang，Northern State also "。"Historical Records · Yin Benji" collection quotes Xu Guang said: "(Jiuhou) a ghost。Jiuhou City。"" Justice "quotes" Including the Earth "cloud:" Jiuhou City, fifty miles southwest of Puyang County，Also known as Ghost Houcheng。"" Whether it is Yixian (now Linzhang, Hebei) or Puyang (now Hebei Magnetic County)，Not far from Anyang, Henan。This is not in line with the ancient book "Bamboo Book Jury".，It should be a biography that is later。Wang Yuzhe's "Ghost Fang Test" in detail for the ghost region，I thought in the south of Shanxi，similar to the facts。Quwo One Belt、Quwo One Belt，At the beginning of the week belongs to the political territory of the Jin Dynasty，Ghost Fang should be in its north。Look at it from archeology，Mountains on both sides of the Yellow River on the border of Jinanxi，Culture represented by Shilou -Suide copper group，Different type of Jingjie type，Instead, an archaeological culture that develops parallel development with business culture。The ethnic group it represents is basically hostile to the Shang Dynasty。This culture is basically combined with Lijiaya culture in the age and region，After being attributed to the category of Lijiaya culture。Lijiaya Culture's most representative site，It is a business of a business Zhou ancient city found in Lijiaya Village, Qingxuan County, Shaanxi Province in 1983，The excavator will designate the late period of the Shang Dynasty to the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty，Further studies have shown that the upper limit of its age is the first phase of Yinxu，The lower limit is the early Western Zhou Dynasty。The cultural appearance of Lijiaya City is different from the Central Plains region，Especially the unearthed three -legged mouths are engraved with "Ghost" Tao Wen，The ghost bet365 best casino games characters of the ghost (front) of the Oracle Bone are generally consistent，Explain that the ethnic group living here is the main body of the ghost who claims to be "ghost"。Scholars to determine that Li Jiaya culture is a cultural relic related to the ghost ancestors，is credible。From this speculation，Ghost Fang's general activity is in the plateau area on both sides of the Yellow River on the northwest of Jinbei and Northeast Shaanxi。

Ghost Fang is a political community composed of many tribes，Some tribes may be nomadic，But the crowd of the ancient city of Lijiaya should be settled，Life at least half -farm and semi -pastoral life。Qingye Lijiaya Ancient City Plane is irregular rectangular，West long 495 meters，north -south width 122-213 meters，The area of ​​the city is nearly 70,000 square meters。Houses found in the city、Cellar，There are also bronze、Stone、Bone、Jade and other production tools，There are also "稷" grains，and domestic animal、Unearture of the Bone of Wild Animals。This indicates that the ancestors here are engaged in farmers、Mu、Hunting multiple production activities，Not just nomadic、Hunting for a living。East in the ancient city，There is a large scale、The courtyard building with strict layout，A rammed earth fence is built around。The distribution of houses in the courtyard is orderly、Unique，Have relative independence。Its overall layout and Zong Temple、There is the same thing in the palace room，It should be the gods and administrative venues in the city。This shows that the ancient city of Lijiaya may be the main political activity center of the ghosts at that time。

　　Military strikes for ghosts

Yinxu Fu said that "Ghost Fang 昜"，It means that the ghost is being conquered by Wuding，Go to fly and go。"Zhouyi · Yiji" said "Gao Zong Fang Fang，Three years，gram "，or related to this。Ancient Ben "Bamboo Book Jiali"，At the end of the Shang Dynasty, "Falling the West and Falling Ghost，Capture Twenty Zhai King "，Explain that the ghost recipe is a consortium composed of many tribes。The "Huai (懐) surname nine sects" awarded Tang Shuyu at the beginning of the week，Wang Guowei thought it was a branch of a ghost，Is for Overview。"懐" and 褱、褢 褢，Ancient 懐 characters "。"Hanshu · Foreign Phil withdrawal" "褢 褢"，Yan bet365 best casino games Shigu Note "褢，Ancient 懐 characters "。褢 From the sound of clothes，Righteousness and 褱 Near。褱 can also be used as ghost characters，Rulai簋The said "Only using Suishen (ghost)"。It can be seen that "the surname of the Huai" is from the ghost，In fact, nine families in a ghost tribe。Zhou Ren Ke Shang after the Shang，Strengthen political control through the division and migration of the ghosts。Kang Wang's Destiny Gulf Ghost，It is a severe military blow to the ghost party。

According to the inscription of Xiaomei，The Battle of the Ghost Fang has been in the size of the size，"Capture" counts more than 130 vehicles。Due to the inscriptions that the inscription is unclear，Some statistical data cannot be completely determined。The "car" here is a chariot，If it is a heavy vehicle for transportation，Should be called "big car"。This indicates that the ghost combat，In addition to the apprentices, there are soldiers，Its material culture is not backward as imagined。But，Two battles categories are quite different from the number of plunder，It is worth studying。

Two battles of the ghost ghost side，Fine plus a lot of intriguing places。One，There are different cow and sheep captured by the two battles。One capture cattle 355 head、38 sheep; another time there is no cattle and sheep。Even if the ghost is the nomadic family，There is no need to drive cattle and sheep with it during combat。The battle to see that the capture of cattle and sheep should be the capture of a settlement center。Its two，The number of vehicles captured by the two battles is different。The scale of the first battle is large，There are fewer captive vehicles (30 vehicles); the scale of the second battle is small，The captured vehicles are more (more than 100 vehicles)。This shows that the second battle actually occurs first，instead of it usually thinks that it happens after。The number of vehicles may only be used for defense，It means that the final line of war is the heart settlement。Its three，Two battles are too different。The second battle was Zhou Shi and the ghost for the first time to confront，238 people with killing and captives，conforms to the normal state of the war at the time。This can be remembered with Duoyou Ding in mindThe battle of 狁 is relatively comparison. Duoyou Ding Mingji Zhou Junxi chase狁，There have been four battles，Among them, the battle of paint is the most intense: "The morning of Jiashen，Bad to paint，Multi -Friends have a discount: Every buses are two hundred and five people，Three people，Capture Rongjie Baiqian 10 and Seven times。"The so -called" folding "is beheading，The same as "馘" is the same merit，It is estimated to be more than 215 people due to the shortage of words。"Shin News" is captured and interrogated captives，It is also no different from the "captive"，23 people，117 cars。These two battles are roughly equivalent，Especially the number of captives is less than the number of killing enemies，Follow the general law of war。But let's look back at the so -called first battle of the ghost recipe，The number of captives (13083) will find (4812) near the number of enemies (4812).，This is very weird。The reasonable explanation should be the second battle for this battle，Since the last capture of the political center of the ghost side，Therefore, they can capture a large number of residents in the city、Captured a certain number of vehicles and cattle and sheep。

If the ancient city of Li Jiaya was the political center of the ghosts at that time，So，Yugu Ghost Fang may have captured the ghost's capital in this counterattack，So a heavy military blow to the ghost。Ghost Fangchengyi was destroyed，Captive of the chief leader，Property is plundered，Residents in the city were captured and taken away，This is a devastating disaster for the ghost。Since then，Ghost Fang is no longer a powerful tribal consortium，Instead of decentralized activity in many places in the north。

　Gradually integrated in the Huaxia nation

The heavy blow of the ghost festival ghost recipe，Although the ghost recipe is not extinct，But the strength has been greatly weakened。Follower，The political activity center of the ghost tribe occurs at a transfer，The area moved from northeast Shaanxi to the northwest of Jinbi。West weekend，The nation that can be seen by it is the survivor of the ghost。"Mandarin · Zheng Yu" contains Shi Bo said to Zheng Gonggong: "As a Zhou ... West Youyu、虢、Jin、隗、Huo、Yang、Wei、Rui。"Wei Zhao note this" Eight Kingdoms，Ji Ji surname also "，It says it is wrong。Among them, the country is different from the other seven kingdoms and the surname of Ji，Instead, Bet365 lotto review the unified body of the surname and the national name。

Wang Guofei reads the ghost as "Fear Fang"，Borrowing words with ghosts，Just reversed things，Therefore, there is a logical contradiction。It is said that the country is "the nine surnames of Huai"，Also with facts。"Nine Society of Huai" was awarded to Uncle Tang as early as the beginning of the week，Become the people of the Governance of the Kingdom，It is impossible to be an independent political entity in the Western weekend。but，The wonderfulness of Wang said is，Correctly revealed the "ghost" of the ghost recipe，One becomes "ashamed"，Then become "隗"，隗 is the name of the country and the name of the clan，and originated from ghost recipes。This is very helpful for us to understand the development and evolution of the ghost。

The surname of the surname of the Spring and Autumn Period，Known as Di Ren，Di or Zhai。Di Zhizhi variety，Divided into Chidi、Bai Di、Chang Di San Class。"Mandarin · Zhou Yuzhong" contains King Zhou Xiang as a post -daughter，Fuchen thinks it is not possible，He said, "Di，隗 隗 …… …… ……，New Universe (generation) Old，Wang Yidi Ginger、Ren，Non -ritual and abandon the old。"Fuchen said that Di Wei is the surname，Wang Guoli also said that the surname is the ancestor of Zhu Di，It is too general。"Qianfu's Division · Zhi's Surname" said: "The surname of Chi Di，姮 (Ji) Bai Di。"" It can be seen that the family surnames inside the Di people may not be planned。But Chidi is the surname，It should be no suspicious。"Zuo Zhuan" 僖 僖 23 years said: "Di people cut the blame like，Get his second daughter -in -law、Ji，Na Zhuzi。Gongzi Ji Ji Ji Sheng Bo、Uncle Liu;，Sheng Shield。"Du Note:" Black is like，The other species of Chidi also，隗 Surname。"Mandarin · Zheng Yu" said: "As a Zhou person ... Northern Weifu、Yan、spring、Xianyu、潞、Luo、spring、Xu、Pu。"Wei Note:" Di，Beidi also。Xianyu，Ji surnames in Di also。潞、Luo、spring、Xu、Pu，All Chidi，隗 Surname also。"This shows that Chidi in the Spring and Autumn Period is the descendants of the Western Zhou Dynasty (ghost) country。

The World of Spring and Autumn，Rongdi is a disaster，Especially Chi Di is a murder。Qing Gu Dong Gao's "Chidi Bai Di" said: "(Chidi) co -produced bet365 live casino games parts for one，Li Da Sheng，Therefore, we can use the soldiers to prestige Xingwei，Winning and Capital，can also speak for righteousness，Save Qi Dawei，Qi、Jin Zhiqiang，Mo Zhineng resistance。"" and "Zuo Zhuan" Xuan Gong fifteen years of promoting the "extinguishing" of Chizhai "destroying"，Xuan Gong's 16th year of Jin "Destroy Chi Di and stay"，Non -seeing Chidi is suffering。

To sum up，King Kang Kang in Xiaomei 24 years of Geori Ghost，It is a major battle in the early Western Zhou Dynasty，It is of great significance to consolidate the rule of the northwest of the Western Zhou Dynasty。This campaign defeated the main force of the ghost army，The central settlement of the Ghost Fang Tribe is the ancient city of Lijiaya，Destroyed military strikes for it。After that，Political Activity Center of Ghost Fang's survivors from northeast Shaanxi to the East of Hedong, northwestern Jin Dynasty，Founding Fang Guo also formed。The World of Spring and Autumn，隗 Surname Chidi is suffering at a time，To the Jin Dynasty destroy the Chidi Ministry，Nai gradually integrates in the Huaxia nation。

(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "Multi -Volume" History of the Western Zhou "(17zda1789) staged results)

(The author is a professor at the School of History and Culture, Tianjin Normal University、Vice President of the Chinese Society of Pioneers of China)