"Waiwai" and "Out of Poly" is a common sentence in the poems of Han and Tang dynasties。If the Central Plains region is the coordinate，"Waiwai" generally believes that it is located on the west of the border、Northern ethnic minority areas，"Out of the plug" is to the west of the Central Plains、Related traffic activities in ethnic minorities north of ethnic minorities，As "Zhang Jian's plug" is from the Guanzhong，All the way to the Western Regions。The meaning of "outside" is similar to "out of the stuff"，Geographical perspective refers to the north north of Guanzhong、West -west -west region。From the perspective of the literature，During the Warring States Period, there were records of "outside" and "out of plug"。Does the Warring States Period and the "Said" and "Out of Passion" in the Han and Tang Dynasties refer to the same? I think，The "Outside" and "Out of the Plug" in the Warring States Period are different from the specific referred to the Han and Tang Dynasties，To be clarified。

　　bet365 Play online games With the intensification of the military struggle of the Warring States Period，The importance of some natural fortresses and artificial care on the border of various countries is becoming more and more prominent。Because there are days in the four realms, there are days to make a barrier，Qin during this period、Qi is called "the country of the four plugs"。

Bet365 app download This period，Guanzhong area is known as the "four plugs" place。"Historical Records · Xiang Yu Benji": "Guanzhong resistance mountains and rivers，Di Fat Raoga，Ke Battle。"Biography of Historical Records · Uncle Liu Jing": "And the husband Qin Di was taken by the mountain，Four stuffing as solid，There is a hurry to death，Millions of people can also。"as the Guanzhong of the four plugs，Also known as "the country of Tianfu"，"Historical Records of the Family" pointed out，"Guanzhong Left confusion、Letter，You Long、Shu，Wo Ye Qianli ... This so -called Jincheng Qianli，The Kingdom of Tianfu also "。

Qin State in Guanzhong area，Known as the "country of the four plugs"。Jia Yi "Crossing the Qin" pointed out，"Qin Di was considered solid by the mountain belt，The country of the four is also "。Qin State has the benefit of "Four Smoks"，Therefore, it has an advantage in military，There are many records in the literature。"Historical Records of Fan Ye Cai Zelie Biography" records Fan Ye persuaded King Qin Zhao to point out，"The Kingdom of King，Four stories are solid ...，Defense if it is unfavorable，The place of this king is also "。"Warring States Policy · Chu Ceyi" believes "Qin Di Half World，Four Kingdoms of the enemy，Brew by the mountain，Four Saids are solid "。These are descriptions of the geographical advantages of the Qin Kingdom。Qin Guo because of the advantages of the four plugs，Occupy geographical advantage。

In terms of specific care，Different narratives in the literature，But bet365 best casino games generally the same is similar。"Historical Records of Su Qin Biography": "The Country of Qin Sai Sai，Wei Wei by the mountain，East related river，Bashu in the south，Bashu in the south，There is a Dai horse in the north。"Biography of Historical Records · Assassin Biography": "Qin Di all over the world，Threat Korean、Wei、Zhao's，Ganquan in the north、Gukou's solidarity，There is a trail in the south、Wei Zhi Wo，Good、Hanzhi Rao，You Long、Shu Zhishan，Zuo Guan、Dangerous。"" Salt and Iron Research · Dangerous Fifty ":" Qin Zuo confusion、Letter，You Long、阺，Former Shu、Han，Houshan、River，Four stuffing as solid，Jincheng Qianli。”

Compared with Qin State in the West，Qi State is also known as the "country of the four plugs"。"Warring States Policy · Qi Ceyi · Su Qin as Zhao He Cong Say Qi Xuan King" record，"Qi Nan has Taishan，East has Langxie，Qinghe West，Bohai，This so -called four stuffed kingdoms also "，Geographical conditions have advantages。According to the view of He Jianzhang's "Notes of the Warring States Policy"，"Taishan" is Taishan，"Langxie" is Shandong Jiaonan Langya Mountain，"Qing River" is Jishui。So look at it overall，Qi Guodu City in Linzi in the hinterland of Ziwei Plain，Jishui in the west，These mountains，There are Yellow Sea and Bohai in the east，The Taiyi Mountain Department extended from east to west in the south。These mountains、The river constitutes the natural defense barrier of Qi State，So that Qi State becomes the country of "four plugs"。

　　The Warring States Period，There are related records of "outside" and "out of plug"。"Xunzi · Qiang Kingdom": "If it is，The soldiers will not be out of the stuff，Lingle in the world。If it is，Although the Mingtang is built outside the plug, the princes，殆 矣 矣。"Some scholars think，"Saiwai Wai" in "Building the Mingtang" is derivative。But this record is the process of Xunzi in the process of Xunzi for Qin Kingdom to conquer the Kanto country，It is mainly based on military power or relying on Taoism、Discussion of Credit Come to Serve the World。Visible，The "Waiwai" here is referred to as the Kanto region of the Guanzhong Plain and its infant of Qin Guoguan。"Warring States Policy · Zhou Celestial · Western Zhou" records the issue of the mother's recovery and Wei Jun discussed the Qin State Raiders，"Qin Setai's soldiers and Zhou Zhizhong，Attack Nanyang "。The meaning of the Qin State "outside" of the two historical materials discussion is the same。

，There is also a record of "plug"。"Warring States Policy · Zhou Celest · Western Zhou · Su Li means Zhou Jun" "Jin Gong is converted with Qin Bing again"，Speaking of Su Li's persuasion Bai Qi not to continue attacking、Korean、Wei。Among them, the "out of plug" should refer to the Qin Army departing from the Guanzhong area and fortress，Attack the Kanto area。Ma Wangdui Book "The Warring States Period and Heng Family Book · Su Qin said Qi Wangzhang": "Those who wounded Qi Zhao also。Qin Qin Qiang，I dare not out of the stream of rivers，Step in China and attack Qi。"Yang Kuan's" Editorial bet365 best casino games Editorial Certificate of the Warring States Period "is determined to be 290 BC。There are different opinions on "Liuhe": The word "River" is "涑"，Reading as "trace"; or accordingly, it is considered to be the water in the southwest of Jin; or it is considered to be the Yellow River; Zheng Liangshu is read as "sparse";"Frequent writing similar to" Beam "，The word should be interpreted "flow"。From the content of the brief text，Qiu Xigui's opinion is more convincing。"Out of plug、Luohe "means that the Qin people came out of the Guanzhong，Moving from the river from the river，Attack the Kanto Kingdom。Here, the Qin State sent troops from Guanzhong to attack the military operations to the east of Guan Dong.，Called "Out of the Plug"。

　　The Warring States Period and the Han and Tang Dynasties "out of plugs" and "outer" means different.The "plug" during the Warring States Period generally refers to the mountains and rivers on the domestic terrain of the princes、River and other natural barriers，"Outside" is equivalent to areas other than these natural barriers。Many vassal states at that time，Each country is based on its own geographical basis，Ruqi、Qin and other countries become the country of four plugs，and the rest of the country is the outside。Compared to Qin、，Korean、Wei and other countries is the country of "four wars"、The place of "Four Wars"。

The main expansion direction of Qin during the Warring States Period was eastward，The "out of plug" of the Qin Kingdom is mostly eastward，From the Guanzhong Plain to the east。This is mostly westward with the "plug" in the Han bet365 Play online games and Tang dynasties、Different from the north。From another angle，The society from the Western Zhou Dynasty to Qin is constantly changing，This change is not only reflected in the meaning of political terms，It is also reflected in the connotation of geographical term。For the former，As the title of "Si Kou"，From Western Zhou to Qin，Its meaning is constantly changing; as far as geographical perspectives are concerned,，Three Jin Dynasty during the Warring States Period、Qin、The Si Kou of the Chu country is also very different。"Out of plug" is the same，There are "out of plug" from the Warring States Period to the Han and Tang dynasties，But the specific content is not the same。

The Warring States Period and the Han and Tang Dynasties are different from the Han and Tang dynasties.，It should be related to the change of political form。Lenili during the Warring States Period，Unification is not completed;。At the same time，From the perspective of the object and scope of the "out of plug" during the Warring States Period，It is mainly in the area of ​​the Warring States Period that Huaxia's self -sustainable Warring States Period。And the "out of plug" object during the Han and Tang dynasties，refers to the ethnic minority areas outside the Central Plains Huaxia area。This difference is related to different unified patterns。So，Under the influence of the above political geographical background and other factors，Differences between the Warring States Period and the Han and Tang dynasties "out of plug" and "outside"。

(This article is the State Social Science Fund Youth Project "Tsinghua Bet365 app download Jane and Shang and Zhou Military Geographic Research (18CZS006) phase results)

(Author Unit: Suzhou University Social College)