The club was first produced in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty，It is a kind of fellow social organization established by foreigners，From the Qing Dynasty to reach the heyday，With "God、Hele、Romance、Convention "and other basic functions。According to the business entity,，Guild Hall is generally divided into Shizi Guild Hall、Businessman Club、Immigration Club，These three conventions have different development characteristics due to their different provincial conditions。Ru Shanxi Guild Hall takes the businessman hall as the main body，According to statistics，Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China.，About 85%of the total。Ming and Qing Dynasties to drop，With the expansion of the Jin business activities，The distribution range and quantity of the Shanxi Guild Hall have been significantly expanded，The earliest opening of the "(Pingyao) Painting Hall" from the middle of the Ming Dynasty，Gradually expand to provinces and border areas in the north and south，The total number of Shanxi Guild Halls built in succession is at least 558。From the end of the Qing Dynasty，The last stage of the Shanxi Guild Hall entered the historical evolution process。

I think，It is not advisable to use words such as "decline" or "withered" to uniformly describe the operating status of the Shanxi Guild Hall in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China。For the existing business letter、Left Book、Stele carrier and other information，Many Shanxi Guild Halls were continuing to operate at the time，and play traditional functions。Of course，More Shanxi Guild Hall replaced in the regime、The turbulence of the war is increasingly declined，Management subject may be greatly reduced in local strength，or the original market has been bet365 best casino games exited，Therefore, it is unable to maintain the management of the club。This club looks quite deserted，Someone goes to the building for emptiness。Due to the lack of the main body of the hall，Shanxi Guild Hall as a public space gradually appears functional transformation，Show in front of the world with another appearance，and given new cultural value。Based on existing historical materials，It can clearly show the differentiation trend and diversified functional transformation of the Shanxi Association in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China。

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　From the date of the establishment of the hall，The main people who run daily affairs continue to metabolize metabolism，and the so -called venue decline，Most of them refers to its business subject in a absence state。The Shanxi Guild Hall in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China still runs stubbornly，The operating subject also continues the traditional function of the hall，Provide the "Said God for the fellow villagers、Hele、Romance、Convention "and other services。

Beijing Master, which is more gathering in the Shanxi Guild Hall，The "Museum" of the Antong Pavilion was rented to outsiders in 1916，and the use of banned fellow villagers caused public anger。After the fellow villagers went to the police office to accuse the complaint，The house was ordered to refund it，Still as a party gathering for the villagers、Public space for "Sacrifice to Taishang Laojun"。As Linfen、Xiangfen people in Beijing and Business "Gathering Meeting"，The Linxiang Club was rebuilt in 1929，To preserve the functions of serving the same hometown。The Fushan Club, which was built during the Yongzheng period, has also been used by Fushan County, Shanxi.，Continue each other "，and last until 1949。

According to Japan's survey information in China in the early Republic of the Republic of China，Shanxi Guild Hall in Shaanxi Province、Gansu Province、Hubei Province still mainly maintains traditional bet365 live casino games business methods，and occupy an advantageous position in the provincial capitals。Visible，Many Shanxi venues in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China still have a stable business entity，Stubborn maintenance of the property rights and traditional functions of the club，This contributes to the traditional cultural value of preserving its own traditional cultural value in the turbulent society。

　　Generate new public space

The chaos in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China has exacerbated the competition of local new and old forces for various resources，A conference hall with open space and social influence becomes convenient for all parties to take it for its convenience、Places used by yourself，As a result, new public space and social functions。

There is a long educational tradition in Chinese society，But there are huge differences among educated people in different strata。to the end of the Qing Dynasty，The conditions for running the school at the grassroots level are still not optimistic，Many idle Shanxi Guild Hall has become the first choice for improving schools。Jun County, Henan，Zhixian Huang Yan in the 12th year of Guangxu (1886) set up Chongzheng justice，Site selection is set in the Shanxi Guild Hall in Xiguan, the county。In Yanggu County, Shandong Province，Before the 13th year of Guangxu,，The county's "Every Test in the Shanxi Guild Hall" is performed。

31 years of Guangxu，The imperial examination system for more than 1,000 years was officially abolished，The banner of new education in various places，New school will soon become from the provincial capital、New institutions in large cities to small and medium towns。But in funds and venues，Many school sites are selected in the club halls that are absent from those business entities。In Beijing，The "Mountain Right Club" built in the late Ming Dynasty due to poor management，In the first year of Xuantong (1909), converted into "Public Shanxi Middle bet365 Play online games School"，In 1942, it was changed to "Sanzhong Primary School";，In 1912, it was launched as a "Private Puzi National School" in Beijing.。In the early years of the Republic of China，"Women's Elementary School" West School established by Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province is "renovated by the Shanxi Guild Hall"; Zhengyang County, Henan Province set up county primary schools in 1913，Zeng Zeng is also located in the Shanxi Guild Hall of the county，16 rooms with tile houses，Unfortunately, "it is destroyed"; Henan Shaanxi County founded the fifth district Zhangmao Elementary School in Liu Gong Temple in the county in 1931，But the next year was moved to the "Shanxi Guild Hall in Zhangmao Town"。Visible，Some Shanxi Guild Hall in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China has transformed from social organizations serving the same hometown as an educational institution that serves local public affairs，improved its promotion education、Open the cultural functions of Minzhi。

Changes in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China have spawned many new types of administration、Business、Military institutions or organizations，But the limitation of funding and venue，Local authorities often choose ready -made places，Shanxi Guild Hall is one of the options。Three years of Xuantong，Guizhou Province Zunyi Prefecture, Zheng'anzhou, plan to set up a police station，Borrowing the local Shanxi Guild Hall as an office。1914，Henan Province Lin County Chamber of Commerce was established，The site registered in the Ministry of Agriculture and Industry is the Shanxi Guild Hall in the county area of ​​the county。1915，Shandong Province Establishing National Salvation Storage Gold Group，The preparatory meeting was held at the Shanxi Guild Hall of the Grand Government Street in Jinan, the provincial capital。1919，Zhang Xidian, Zhixian County, Zhengyang County, Henan Province, founded Guanghui Yicang，A total of five districts，Among them, Yicang in the southern district Bet365 lotto review is expanded from the Shanxi Guild Hall in Zhongzhen。

In the warlord melee，Some Shanxi Guild Hall was forcibly transformed into a barracks。1918，Warlord Zhang Jingyao recruits recruits in Luzhou, Anhui，One of the recruits of about 400 or five hundred people was settled in the Shanxi Guild Hall in Nanguan, Luzhou。1926，Shanxi Guild Hall, located in Dongguan, Teng County, Shandong, became one of the local garrison's residents，In June, the soldiers stationed in the place had riots，Robbing around，Become a sensational and temporary mutiny event。Visible，For the adaptation time,，Many Shanxi Guild Halls have been forced to transform into political forces、Business forces、Activities of military forces，So as a new type of public space that has been baptized by the times。

　　Transformed into other organizations or venues

The Ming and Qing conventions have always maintained the social function of "righteousness"，But mainly for fellow or peer groups。In the Republic of China, some Shanxi Guild Hall still played this traditional function，For example, the "Linfen Club" in Beijing decided to "set the therapy for therapy with rental income，The use of people in Beijing Township Township Treatment of Cure and Nourishing "。

but but，Frequent occurrence of disasters and wars，Various new types of disaster relief organizations have emerged，Many Shanxi Guild Hall also joined among them，Transformed into a wider radiation -range public welfare organization。November 1922，Traveling in Beijing (Beijing) Shanxi Shanxi Drought Ceremony will be established in the Sanjin Meeting Museum，The purpose of helping Shanxi drought，Initial members 220 people。1929，Travel Beijing (Nanjing) Shanxi Drought Relief Club is based on the Shanxi Guild Hall of Nanjing Melgua Shop as a permanent site，Reliable victims，And send someone to stay in the office for a long time。1931，Disasters occurred in the northwest region，The Shaanxi Provincial bet365 best casino games Government opened the "Streaming Disposter House" in the Shanxi Guild Hall in Xi'an City，Uniform supply and clothing。Visible，Some Shanxi Guild Hall has transformed into a public welfare organization involved in cross -regional disaster relief during the Republic of China，Inherits and surpass the cultural connotation of traditional "righteousness"。

At the same time，In the revolutionary tide of the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China，Some Shanxi Guild Hall has also become a venue for revolutionary people。Three Jinxi Pavilion of Beijing，Become Gao Junyu after 1923、He Chang、Peng Zhen and other Chinese Communists' revolutionary bases，The connection of the Shanxi Revolutionary in Beijing、party and carried out revolutionary activities to provide a place to settle，After 1949, it was changed to the Shanxi Provincial Office of Beijing。other，There are also some Shanxi Guild Hall to become the cultivation and dissemination base of the excellent traditional culture of China。The Beijing Sanjin Club, which was built in the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), was renamed "China Shaolin Wushu Society" during the Republic of China，Cultivate professional martial arts staff。Visible，In the complex social environment，Some Shanxi Guild Hall is transformed into a revolutionary place or cultural base，Carrying and spreading red revolutionary culture and excellent traditional culture in this new public space。

The Shanxi Guild Hall in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China runs stubbornly in traditional forms，Still transformed into a new public space，It has become a very important geographical logo for the local area，Even if the building in the Shanxi Guild Hall has long been existed，It will still be recorded by the people，melted into a part of local memory。

To sum up，The Shanxi Guild Hall in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China has developed a differentiation evolution process in the tide of the times，Except a small part is still running stubbornly、赓 Continuous Bet365 lotto review traditional function，Most of the transformation of social functions，A new type of public space and cultural value beyond its physical level。regardless of the rise and fall of the Shanxi Club Hall，All become geographical logos and local memory that are rooted in the local people。

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Shanxi University)