Chen all、Chen Xin published the article "New Obvective Shang and Zhou Bronze Treasures" in the first issue of "Favorites"，Announced 16 bronze wares exhibited at the "Overseas Copper Bronze Observation Seminar" held in Shanghai in 2005，Among them, 7 pieces have inscriptions。Published by the text and inscriptions，At the same time, I also wrote inscriptions。Wu Zhenzheng "Explanation of the Insider "(" Archeology and Cultural Relics "2006, No. 6)、Wu Zhenwu "Try to release Western ZhouThe word "Xin" in the inscription "(" Cultural Relics ", No. 11, 2006)The inscriptions of the device make further examination. Li Xueqin pointed out, BoAll inscriptions can be regarded as rituals.

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In order to facilitate the discussion of the ritual system involved in the inscription，quotes can be regarded as the uncle of the ritual book簋 簋 inscription below:

Zhao Zhaowen KaojiabaoYi，Its day of the day is sacrificed by Juexin Xiang Dun，Nothing and Fragrant incense，，匄 匄 匄 万 万，The people want to be lingering to the smoke，Sun Sun Ziqi Nian Yongbao use Ziyi，Do not Don't forget its world。

This is the results of the comprehensive research，An interpretation written in the passable text。器: "BoZuojiabao Zunyi，Sun Sun Zizi Qiqi for 10,000 years。"The owner of the device claims to be in the Gaiming, claimed to be Bo in the inscription, in orderAnother difference between making it, all of them call this device簋. BoMake a ritual ware worshiping his father，It is the honor to be given to the gods to report to the gods，Other inscriptions can be performed by the side。

　　Disk,盉 盉Yu Wang ", Book of Life in Master's GrandpaSo as Wenzu Wu Gongri;簋 簋Yu Wang ", and in the Kang Dabu Book, so it is a Wen Kaojie man. Aforementioned簋 簋Yi "，It can be proved that it is also a ritual instrument to sacrifice his father because of his order。BoBoth Zhou Shi is his emperor Yin, you can know that Bois its subordinates. Zhou Shi is an introduction toThe characters in Zhou Wang, if the subject is not a doctor, then BoJue is a scholar, because he was ordered twice before and after, he could break the uncleis a person who is life -sale。"Book of Rites · Ceremony" Cloud "Official Teacher One Temple"，Zheng Shuyun "Official Teacher，Chinese Shi、Xia "Sa"，BoAs a campaign to set up a temple, the device is inscribed as a ancestor，or saying a father -in -device，It indicates that it is ancestral temple，You can also infer that his identity is the Lord of the Son of his ancestors，The ancestor is the sister -in -law from the unification of the community。

Zhu Fenghan in "Wei Yan and BoTools "(" Nankai bet365 live casino games Journal "2008, No. 6)，Announced two private collections，Title of Wei Yanjia、Wei Yi B，Can and BoTypes of the wares。Li Xueqin has experienced Wei Yan，In "About BoMake -up of the Insidation "wrote an interpretation, which is as follows:

Only August Born Gengyin，Wang Ge in Kangda Room。Wei said: 朕，Guard Yu Wang，Wang Xewepe、 亢、Golden Car Golden。Said: "Use things。"Wei Baijiao，Fighting Wang Xiu。Wei Yubong Zhaowuki KaojiajiabaoYi，Its day of the day is sacrificed to Juebai God with Juexin Xiang Dian，No matter how fragrant fragrance，，匄 匄 匄 万 万，Want to 兹 兹 兹 无，Sun Sun Zizi Qi Wannian Yongbao uses King Xiu Hui，Don’t replace the day lead，Don't forget。

This article also pointed out that in this inscription and Bo簋 校 校，The word "Ding" in Pei Ming is the "Ze" word of the "Ze"，The training of Zhu Fenghan should be "Chang"。Through the research of various houses，Forming many consensus: The above -mentioned wares are produced in the mid -Western period，BoThe object of sacrifice to the Wei is the same as Jia Gong, then Wei Dang is BoBrother; The incense of the inscription is to sacrifice the temple with the method of sacrificing the temple，Reflected the concept of Zhou people's smelly。However, the inscription of the two device，The viewer and Ming from the perspective of Zhou Li，There are still questions that can continue to be discussed。

Sacrifice the gods of heaven with the fragrance of 燔 之、Display、Ghost，The gift of the emperor since the beginning of the week。West Zhou Oracle H11: 30 Ci Yun: "Wang Yu □，Its 尞 淲 淲。"Explanation of the" Western Zhou Dynasty Note "(2003 edition of Xuelin Publishing House)，The meaning of this remark is to say，"Zhou Wang goes to the ground，will be sacrificed in the sacrifice "。The inscription of the Copper Western Western Zhou also see the record of the Zhou Wangli Festival，If the inscription is the inscription cloud: "The only king is both，Juejie Dongyi "，墉 墉 墉 文 文 文 文 文: "Only the king cuts the catfish，Remarks 淖 淖，to，Yu Zong Zhou "。All can prove that the sacrifice is a gift from the emperor。

As for the method of sacrifice，Literature also records。"Book of Songs · Shengmin" Cloud: "How about my sacrifice? ... Take Xiao Xunzhi"，According to Zheng Jian's explanation，This description is when the sacrifice of heaven，Take Xiao Cao and the lipids of sacrifice，Sensing God with the incense qi。"Book of Rites · Suburb Special" cloud: "Xiao Hehe，Stinky Yangda in the wall house。Therefore, we are laid，Then 焫 焫 膻芗 膻芗 "，Zheng Shu said that this is the emperor、Gifts of the Princes。According to Shen Wenzheng's "Said Test of the Saids of the Sect" ("Zong Zhou Li Le bet365 best casino games Civilized Examination Theory"，Zhejiang University Press, 1999 edition) Explanation，Xiao Cao He Hyun 黍，Name of Xinxiang，floating in the room;，Take Xiao Caocao's lipids of sacrifice and burning，named 膻芗，floating in outdoor。"Book of Songs · Chuz" describes the situation where Xinxiang floats in indoor and outdoor: "，God's addicted diet "，"Xinnan Mountain" Yiyun: "It is 烝 享，苾苾 Fenfen，Sacrifice Confucius，Ancestor is the emperor "，All with Bo簋、Wei Yan's inscription said, "Everything is fragrant，The situation of climbing up and down "，The evidence of the inscription is the 燔 燔 萧、Fast cream in the case of sacrifice，belongs to the gift of the emperor。

"Yili · Special Avalent Feds Gifts" records the ceremony of Liez's sacrifice of the temple，I don’t see 燔 黍 黍 萧 萧 萧 萧、fat ointment with the incense of incense。According to this，Liez sacrifice the temple does not need to be used as a method of feeding.。BoLiece of the Zhou Dynasty with Wei Zei，Sacrifice the method of the Emperor Son of the Emperor's feeding does not use the method of feeding of Lie Shi，The rules of Zhou Li are not in line。According to the provisions of the law system，The son of the unique in the monarch、庶 庶、Xiaozong's unity does not follow your sister -in -law，No right to sacrifice the temple，Not to stand the temple of the ancestor test，Zongzi sacrificed Zongmiao，Gongzi、Xunzi only has the obligation to go to the sacrifice，Because the essence of the ancestral law is the brother and brother。"Book of Rites · Funeral Services" Yun "Puzi does not sacrifice you，Ming Qizong also "，According to the note since the Han and Tang dynasties，This record is to explain where the ancestors and the righteousness of Jingzong，If the brothers are two，One 嫡 庶 庶 庶 庶，Xunzi can set up a temple to sacrifice you or ancestors to sacrifice，Xunzi is a man of the middle and the lower part of the temple，Xunzi main sacrifice，Xunzi helping offerings，Mingzong is there。Qing Dynasty scholar Cheng Yaotian pointed out in "The Criminal Fa": "，Brother Tao also，Doctor's House also uses brothers and brothers and brothers.。"Guardian body is Bobrother，Ming is a sister -in -law，It also made a ritual to worship his father，Brother of the Taoism，Different law system with Zhou Li。All the sister -in -law does not give an autonomous gift to his father with his ancestors，For Zhou Li，All belong to prostitution。"Book of Rites · Qu Li" explained this: "It is not the sacrifice of its sacrifice，Name of Master Win，Westing without blessing。”

To sum up, BoSacrifice with the gift of the emperor，Its brief guard also as a device sacrifice father，It is a violation of rituals、Bet365 lotto review Non -sacrifice sacrifice for its sacrifice，Still have a reason，The research of all the family is not arguing。Zhu Fenghan in his article、Wei said in the inscription that his ancestor was Wu Gong，Called his father is Jia Gong，Ancestral tests are called Japanese names，Guess Boand Wei is the survivor of Yin Shang, which is a very inspirational judgment.

　　Reflecting the gifts guarded by the Yin people

At the beginning of the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty，There are Yin Shang survivors to take the initiative to go to Zongzhou，Subconsciously served in the emperor and the dynasty，The bronze of the micro -family family can be proof。1976，103 pieces of bronze wares unearthed from Bronze 1 in Fufengzhuang, Shaanxi，74 pieces with inscriptions，Most of them belong to the micro -family fold、Feng、Wall、The bronze wares made by the four generations。According to Yin Shengping's "Research on the Bronze Group of the Western Zhou Weixian Family" (Cultural Relics Publishing House, 1992)，The Micro Family is originally the descendant of Yin Ren Weizi，Its Gaozu Yuan lives in Weiguo，Its ancestor is the history officer of the micro country，Zhou Wu Wang Ke Shang，See Wu Wang Wu，Therefore, the ages in the Zhou Dynasty，As a historian。After the rebellion of Zhou Fair, the Three Supervisors，Residents who live in the old land of Yin Shang move to all places，According to Liu Qizheng's "The Zhou people in the Eighth Eighth" of the Eighth "Eighth" of the Eighth Eighth "Eighth" ("The Measures of the Man's Control of Yin Ren" ("Yindu Studies" 1988, No. 4)，A large number of Yin Shang survivors were relocated in Shaanxi today。So，At the beginning of the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty，There are a lot of active or passive migration from the old and Shanglands of Yin and Shang to Zongzhou Land。According to inference BoAll descendants of Yin people，With real historical facts can be based on。

"Book of Rites · Table" cloud: "Yin people respect the gods，Leading the people with things，Ghost and then gift。"Both Yin people respect God，Then the Yin people are the ghost of the people who sacrifice their sacrifices，Fixed in reasonable。Descendants of the Micro familyIn the inscription, "Dunsun Great God" for sacrifice ancestors，To sacrifice Gao Zu、Asia Zu、Wing Test as a clock and say in the inscription "Filial Filial Pick、Sacrifice、卲 Each music god "，All the ancestors of the ancestors in the Great God，is one of the examples。Actually，The ancestor test is listed with "Great God"，Just like the "big show" referred to the collection of the temple owner，It reflects the concepts of many gods in one language。BoHe Wei in the Mingzhong in the Mingzhong referred to bet365 Play online games the sacrifice ghost，Hundred Gods is like a great god，All are the names of God's ghosts，It also reflects the concept of Yin people。MicroIt is a descendant of Yin Shang and calls his ancestor test as a great god.The ancestor test with the guard is also a descendant of Yin Shang。Inspection "Yin Zhou Jinwen Integration" and "Near -out Yin Zhou Jinwen Collection"，The ancestor test of the great god，Only see it in the micro13923_13942In addition to Zhong Ming, it is only found in the Ningli inscription in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.Bell, also known as Zong Zhou Zhong，It is the device made by King Zhou Li，Because it is the emperor，Guli can be called God God、Display、Ghost，Temporarily place no matter how much。The owner of Ning Ye said "Taking the B Examination"，With the name of the day, the father and the goddess of the hundred gods，This is the habit of Yin people，Ning Ning or is also the survivor of Yin Shang。So，from Bai Shen、The name of the Great God is rare in the inscription，The owner of the provers is a hundred gods in the inscription、Daishen on behalf of its ancestors，It must be a minority Yin Shang survivor in the Western Zhou Dynasty。

Since you can infer BoThe descendants of the Yin people in the Western Zhou Dynasty with Wei，I can’t look at Bo from the perspective of Zhou LiMaking a bristle in the presented ancestor test with Wei。Actually，BoThe ritual system reflected in the inscriptions of 簋 and Wei Yan is not a gift、Proter，but the ritual guarding by the Yin people in the Zhou Dynasty。

　　Yin Shang people use the method of 燔 燔

Sacrifice the ancestor test with the method of 燔 燔，Not the innovation of Zhou people，but one of the sacrifice methods that Yin and Shang people have already used in the ceremony。Oracle Bone Victory Seeing the record of Yin people with the method of glory:

Come to Xinhai，Twenty cows of Wang Hai。("Collection" 1403)

Guimao，Zhenqi 侑，Six cows。("Collection" 32302)

Ding Yibu，侑 于 于、Baiji、卯 Bai Niu。("Collection" 32674)

Jiawu，Zhenda Royal Royal Six Six in Shi A，燎 小，卯 Jiu Niu。("Tunnan" 1138)

燎 豕 豕 豕，Seeking Huang Yin，燎 豕 豕 豕，卯 Liu Niu。("White 0899)

Zhao Cheng pointed out in the "Oracle Concise Dictionary -Classification of Classification of Ci"，The use of a verb in the rhetoric as the meaning of the burning sacrifice。From the perspective of the above attraction，Shangwang sacrifice first public、Pioneer、The old ministers are all in the method of sacrifice the animal.，The gift or special sacrifice，or a sacrifice。Six Six in the Jiejie Shangjia，There is a division of democracy and matching。The so -called six shows，Finger A、Big B、Dading、Dajia、Da Geng、Daogu Six Direct Kings of the King。Sacrifice Day in A Day，Documentation is upper bet365 live casino games armor，The other five demonstrations are matching。(Song Zhenhao: "History of Summer Social Life"，China Social Science Press 1994 edition)

In the worship of the Yin people，Dedication in God，Burning as a sacrifice，The words of the words are the Royal Ceremony、侑 Festival、Seeking the method of sacrifice such as sacrifice such as sacrifice。燔 is both the method of using animals，Then the various sacrifice ceremonies of the king of Shang King are available，The difference is only in the sacrifice target of the sacrifice target.。What needs to be explained is，Yinli sacrifice first public、Pioneer、Old Minister，Zhou Li worships my ancestor test，Although you can use the method of 燔 燔，But there are still significant differences。Yin Li's 燔 燔 is to move the god to move the god，Zhou Li's 燔 燔 燔 黍 黍、Fragrant incense with fat paste、膻芗 膻芗 飨 God。

BoThe descendants of Yin Shang，Sites with the method of 燔 燔，It belongs to its tradition rather than。However, Congbo簋、The record of the ceremony of the inscription of Wei Yan，It is not directly burning the animal, but the 黍 黍 燔 燔 燔 萧、fat paste，Therefore, there is a situation that "with Juexin incense classics"。BoThe reason why he is mixed with Wei Zhi and Zhou Li，The descendants of Yin Shang in the Western Zhou Dynasty，Keeping its tradition，Dyed in Zhou Li，Against the right to change the gift。

Yin people's successor is brother and brothers and，The end of the business emphasizes Li。Long -term implementation of brothers and brothers and，The derived patriarchal law is the sister -in -law of the sister -in -law and not the brothers，It has caused indifference to the concept of 嫡 庶。Wang Guowei in the "Yin Zhou Institutional Theory" ("Wang Guowei Complete Works" Volume 8，Zhejiang Education Press 2010) pointed out: "，With my brother and the main and the son -in -law，No younger brother, then pass the son。... Yes, there is a difference between。This does not independent dynasty system，Below the prince also。"According to Li Xueqin's" On the Yin Dai Family System "(" Literary History and Philosophy ", No. 11, 1975)、Qiu Xigui "Preliminary Research on the Clan Organization of the Shang Dynasty and the Noble Honor" ("New Exploration of Ancient Literature and History Research"，Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House 1992 edition)，Yin people are not completely unreasonable at all。

In short,，Since the miles，The successor of the Yin people is brother and brothers and，When there is no brother, he can pass on the son。Brother and brother and the ritual system that both Yin people practice，The ancestral law system is the son of the uniform in the monarch、庶 庶、Xiaozong's unity does not follow your sister -in -law，Nothing bet365 Play online games brothers and follow you。Because of Yin Li's ancestors, the law of the law is the following and not the brothers，So BoBrother Wei as a sister -in -law，Not because of inferiority and far from respect，It is also used for sacrifice for its father to make rituals。Actually，Guard made a gift instrument to sacrifice its father，It reflects the characteristics of Yin Li rather than Zhou Li's so -called prostitution。

BoDynasties with his younger brother in the mid -Western Zhou Dynasty，The great time of the ritual and music civilization，It must not be affected by the influence and constraints of Zhou Li，For the Classes of the Classes of the Classification of the Restrictions, the Royal King Xiu，Zizong Temple thinks ancestor、Sacrifice the ancestor for the device made by the father。Everything can be visible to expensive、Respect、Dear meaning，Reflecting Zhou Li’s spiritual essence。However, when sacrificing the ancestral test, the method of feeding without Zhou Li is used to use Yin Li's method of 燔，Persist in the traditional tradition of Yin Li，Not only the Puzi Gong as a man is placed in the temple to sacrifice his father to see his successor, but not the elder brother，And the 嫡 庶，During the sacrifice and guests who came to help the sacrifice、Brothers co -become a god with the fragrance of 燔 燔，It also reflects the characteristics of the gift guarded by Yin Yiyi。So，Bo簋 and Wei Yan's inscription revealed that the ritual and music civilization in the Western Zhou Dynasty acquiesced to the descendants of Yin Shang to sacrifice the temple with their guardians，Not the person in charge of Zhou Li，The tolerance spirit of the righteousness of the righteousness。

(The author is a professor at the Institute of Ancient Books of Zhejiang University、Part -time professors of Shandong University)