The 1980s，Chinese archeology community has a fierce discussion on "where Chinese archeology is going"。Where，How to view the role of natural science is an important content of this discussion。According to the definition of Xia Yan，Archeology is a historical science that uses physical relics to study ancient society，belongs to the category of humanity and social sciences，Its research object is the physical relics that reflect ancient human activities，Not only limited to ancient utensils，It also includes the ruins of human living and other activities and the natural objects reflecting ancient human activities。Natural attributes of the relics，Determination of archeology must use biology、Molecular biology、Chemistry、Earth Learning、Methods of natural sciences such as physics，Carry out information extraction and value mining。As a method of obtaining the technology and the method of researching problems，Science and technology archeology emerged，Gradually develop into an important branch of archeology。More than 30 years have passed，A huge change in Chinese archeology。Except for the new discovery、New understanding，Science and technology archeology has become a research paradigm that is generally accepted and vigorously promoted in the academic community，It has also become a second -level discipline for archeology。

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Early 20th century，Geology、Chemistry、zoology、Botanical、Aviation remote sensing and other natural science methods and technologies are gradually used in archeological surveys and research。After World War II，Carbon Fourteen Testing Year、Invention and application of science and technology such as molecular biology，Injecting more technology elements for archeology。The rise of the New Archaeological School in North America and their respect for empiricalism，It has accelerated the development of science and technology and archeology。

1924，At the beginning of the birth of Chinese archeology，Peking University Research Institute of the National Student Gate Archeology Society advocated "except for archeologists，Yingwang Rawry Geology、bet365 Play online games Gold Stone、Gold Stone、Textwork、History of Art、History of religion、History of civilization、Turkicology、zoology、Chemistry ... Various specialized scholars，and enthusiastic sponsorship of the Association，Cooperative cooperation "。When this is，Wang Yan conducted composition analysis of five baht money, etc.，Yang Zhongjian against Zhoukou Store、Animal relics in ruins such as Yin Ruins conducted special research。Li Ji, known as the father of Chinese archeology，The main part of its doctoral dissertation "The Formation of the Chinese Nation" is the measurement and research of physical anthropology。

After the founding of New China，New Chinese archaeologists represented by Xia Yan ’s attachment to natural science methods directly promote the wreckage of animal and plant、Human remains、Metallurgical relics、The collection and research work of related relics such as ceramic products，It also built the first carbon fourteen laboratory in New China。The 1990s，The launch of the "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project" has created a research mode for Chinese archaeological multidisciplinary interdisciplinary。Enter the 21st century，With the pre -research of the Chinese civilization exploration source project、Promotion of the first to fifth stage，Science and technology archeology gradually deepen。

　Take more discipline responsibilities

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out when presiding over the 39th collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee，"We use biology、Molecular biology、Chemistry、Earth Learning、The latest technical analysis of cutting -edge disciplines such as physics and other disciplines Ancient Chinese relics，Let Chinese civilization exploration have a solid scientific and technological analysis basis，Expand our cognition of the history of civilization for more than 5,000 years in China "。This is an affirmation of science and technology archeology，Inspired by science and technology archaeological workers to assume more subject liability。In recent years，With the methods of technology archeology, in archeological surveys、The role played in excavation and research is getting greater and greater，Science and technology archeology has gradually become one of the important concepts of archeological research。Related cases are endless，Related research on the sites of the Erlitou site of Henan and Shaanxi Blood Pool is a typical representative。

Bet365 lotto review Erlitou site is located in the intersection of the Yiluo River in Yanshi, Henan，is the earliest large -scale metropolis in the Bronze Age of East Asia。The focus of the research of the exploration source project of Chinese civilization，Erlitou site is the most complete site in the scientific and archaeological research force of Chinese archeological disciplines to date，Research team gathered carbon fourteen measures、Environmental archeology、Botanical archeology、Animal Archeology、Food analysis、Food analysis、Metallurgical Archeology、Researchers in the fields of jade and pottery technology and archeology。These studies revealed，The absolute age of the two miles is about 1750 BC to 1530 BC，At that time, Yihe and Luohe converged in the west after the site，South of the site，The potential of the two miles is surrounded by mountains and rivers。

Erlitou Culture inherited the late Longshan Culture、黍、rice、Mai、Grain agriculture and pigs planted at the same time、Dog、Animal breeding industry raised by oxen and sheep。Where，Su Zuo Agriculture is the main livelihood of the ancestors of Erli，Also pig、Dog、The main feed source of the oxee。As the two miles of the king capital，There are high -proportion of migrants and livestock，This should be with the crowd、Animal resources are transferred to the capital。Metal minerals required by handicraft production of the two miles、Jade Resources、White pottery and other raw materials and products have complex resource networks，Related industrial chain and core technologies are mainly controlled by nobles and professional chemicals who serve the kingship。In general，The comprehensive research of science and technology and archeology at the two miles ruins enriched the historical connotation of the Erlitou site and the culture of Erlitou，Evhemistic the solid economic foundation of the Kingdom of Erlitou、Developed resource network and superb political civilization。

The site of the blood pool is a large -scale sacrifice site in the northwest suburbs of Yongcheng, Fengxiang and Qin, Shaanxi。According to research，This site is related to the "Yongzheng" of the national -level sacrifice place in the Qin and Han dynasties。Sima Qian once went to the Yongzhang Festival with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty，and record in "Historical Records", "Details of Bean Beans and Coins，Gifts for pay，There are departments bet365 best casino games "。Now，Documents related to sacrifices have long been scattered and annihilated，To restore this history，Only archeology can bear this heavy task。Since 2016，A series of fields from the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archeology excavated large -scale palace buildings、Sacrifice mandala、Sacrifice pit、Auxiliary road system and other sacrifice facilities，Jade、Wood, Horse and Horse, Bronze Car Horse and other sacrifices，and a large number of horses、Cow、Sheep and other animals sacrifice the wreckage。Where，The comprehensive research of the horse used in the sacrifice pit covers the archeology of animals、Food analysis、Analysis of Homotoencin、Ancient DNA Research and other technology archeological directions，Concentrated reflects the great contribution of science and technology and archeology to archeological research。Research Discovery，The age of the horse is basically around 2 years old，Equivalent to the age of "Kom" in "Said"。The color is mainly maroon，Sports qualifications are more mediocre。The source of the horse is relatively wide，It should be relying on the Ma Zheng system at that time，It is mainly collected from the pastor of the pastor of the northwest border.，They were used with millet before killing the sacrifice、Grass and Grass Grass concentrated raising for a period of time。These tasks have evidenced by the "Zhou Li" "The Lasting of the Candidate Sacrifice。Said the Five Emperors，It is tied to firm，March of the March "record，Provides evidence for studying the "tribute" system。

The study of the sites of the Erlitou and the blood pool site is the evidence of science and technology archeology.、History of cultural history of 10,000 years、History of civilization for more than 5,000 years "representative case。In recent years，Under the promotion of the "Chinese Civilization Source Project" and "Archaeological China" and other projects，Carbon Fourteen Testing Year、Environmental archeology、Food analysis、Animal Archeology、Botanical archeology、Food analysis、Ancient DNA Research and other scientific and technological and archeological research areas have made great breakthroughs，In the extension of the historical axis、enhances historical trust、Rich historical connotation、Activating historical scenes play a huge role，The future science and technology archeology will also shoulder more important discipline responsibilities in the archeological practice of human history。

　　Promote the construction of the "Three Systems"

2020，In the important speech of General Secretary Xi Jinping's "September 28", it talked about strengthening the construction of archeological capabilities and discipline construction，Emphasize "New tools for using science and technology，Improve archeological work discovery and analysis ability，Improve the protection of historical and cultural heritage protection "。This points out the direction of the future development of science and technology and archeology，It needs to be studying ideas、Research methods and discipline specifications continue to make efforts，For the construction, it has Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、The contribution of the "three major systems" of the Chinese style archeology。

First，Technology archeology needs to continue to deepen the integration of archeology，Strengthen the integration of various research directions within the research of science and technology。A concept of archeological research，Research goals of science and technology archeology are also restoring the life of ancient human beings and their social conditions、Analysis of the development of human culture and social development、The background of exploring social changes、Reason and law。So，Technology and archeology must adhere to "from the field、Go to the field "work method，That is, the research object is the relic of the field archeological survey and excavation，Data explanation must return to the cultural background of the unearthed unit，and give it archeological significance。The connotation of the discipline of science and technology is more complicated，It will also be continuously enriched with the application of natural science related technologies。So，It must break the barriers inside the science and technology archeological laboratory，Condensing scientific issues，Drive research with topics，Focus on the effort、Give full play to，Strengthen the communication of researchers in different areas and directions of science and technology and archeology，Carry out comprehensive research on scientific and technological archeological comprehensive research on important sites and regions。

Second，Continuously innovate technology archeological research methods。The invention and application of carbon fourteen measures and ancient DNA technology，I have brought two revolutionary changes to archeology。Today, the overall improvement of technology strength，Bet365 lotto review The rapid development of natural science is the innovation of natural and archaeological methods in my country。Deepening the integrated integration of related disciplines such as natural science and archeology，It will help the rapid development of science and technology archeology。In the practice of science and technology archeology，Drives cross -integration between disciplines in the form of project and subject、Coordinated innovation，Scholars in absorbing natural sciences join the archeological teaching and scientific research team，Cultivation of cross -disciplinary scientific and technological archaeological professionals，Internalizing the latest technology and methods into archeology research methods，to help archeological improvement information extraction、The ability to explain the question。

Last，Strengthening the professional specifications of science and technology and archeology。Archeology involves a wide range of faces，Science and Technology Archeology is the most prominent branch of cross -disciplinary attributes in archeology。Researchers' academic background and interests are different，There are many other disciplines researchers participating in and even leading related research。Different research objects、Question、Perspective angle，Differences on the way of thinking logic and narrative。When interpreting data，Some scholars even have controversial conclusions due to lack of analysis of archeological backgrounds。So，To achieve full communication between the discipline and the discipline、Effective accumulation of knowledge，It is necessary to strengthen the construction of professional specifications，Especially specimen library、Database、Industry Standard Specification (Operation Guide) System Construction。

Looking back，Science and Technology Archeology is the product of the development of archeological disciplines，It is the key achievement and important content of the construction of archeological discipline systems in the past century。From the perspective of the construction of the academic system and discourse system，Science and technology archeology has gradually got rid of the role of "scientificist" vase as an archeological report，Keep helping Chinese archeology display Chinese experience、Express China's wisdom，Enrichment of the development of human society and its laws，The Chinese plan proposed by the summary has made original contributions to the study of world bet365 best casino games civilization。Looking forward to the future，As the discipline blends more deeply、The application promotion of related natural science and technology and the gradual strengthening of the scientific and technological archeological professional specifications，Technology and archeology will inevitably continue to expand the field of archeological research、Enhanced archaeological research letter，Then continue to promote Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、The construction of the "three major systems" of the archeology of the Chinese style，Provide theoretical support for the practice of new forms of human civilization。

(Author Unit: Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)