1923，Gu Jiegang proposed the theory of "Chinese ancient history caused by layers"，It can be called the history of historians in the history of Chinese history in the 20th century.，The "ancient historical discern" caused by it has profoundly affected the innovation of modern Chinese history concepts。But since the theory of "layering" was proposed，The voices of the academic community have never interrupted。Reasonable criticism helps academic healthy development，But if the perspective of criticism is constantly changing，There are conflicts between each other，Then we need to reflect on the rationality of these criticism itself。For the past century，Many criticisms that appear around the history of Gu Jiegang's ancient history have such characteristics。

　　Bet365 app download The change of criticism of Gu Jiegang's ancient history test，It is obvious in the following two aspects: First, the issue of "destruction" and "construction";。

First，About the problem of "destruction" and "construction"。1923，Gu Jiegang discussed the "Ancient History Book with Mr. Qian Xuan" in the record of "accumulation" in the ancient history records of ancient ancient history，It aroused huge waves in the academic community。At that time，Praise him "to open a new era for Chinese history"，Criticizing him "the history of the history of ancient and modern faith" is also available，and quickly formed a more obvious opposition between each other。but but，At the time,，No matter whether Gu Jiegang is suspected of being too excited、Method fallacy，Still say that he has damaged the heart of the world，None of the problems of "Breaking" old ancient historical systems，Is the old ancient Bet365 app download history system system "broken" and how to "break" and other。And，Except for individual scholars proposed some of the harshness that has nothing to do with macro,，Even if it is a conservative Liu Takuraba、Hu Yanren, etc.，Nor does not oppose suspicion of ancient history，Just for the scale of doubt，each has different differences。

Around 1930，With the development of modern archeology in China，Criticism Gu Jiegang does not understand archeology，The sound that can only be "destroyed" cannot be "built" increasing。If Wei Juxian said，Gu Jiegang, "，​​No results "，"This is the reason he does not know the archeology"。At the same time，The rise of the trend of social sciences in history，Especially the rise of the study of social history in the history of materialism，It also provides a new method of perspective for the reconstruction of ancient history，So，Criticism Gu Jiegang does not understand social science，The sound of the truth of the ancient society cannot be seen again。Ru Li Ji、Du Yizhi, etc., said that he "did not enter the door" for the study of ancient history，"At most but cutting the ground at most"。Visible，Around 1930, the academic community criticized Gu Jiegang，"Breaking" old ancient history from the beginning of "Ancient History"，Turn to "Construction" in the history of Xin ancient。pragmatic，These "cannot" are facts to a certain extent，But are they the purpose of Gu Jiegang to identify ancient history，It is worth thinking about。Otherwise，If the study of ancient Chinese history has every progress，We all look back to criticize Gu Jiegang "Can't"，Then the value and significance of this criticism itself is worth reflecting。

Next，About the problem of "erase" ancient history。Since the theory of "layer" is proposed，Some scholars criticize Gu Jiegang's "erase" ancient history、bet365 best casino games Doubt "History itself"。For example, Li Ji has "Chinese innovators' records of the past and about past records，Doubt the history itself "。In recent years，With the popularity of postmodernism history in China，Some scholars proposed，Compared with postmodernist history，Gu Jiegang did not deny "History itself"，Instead, the old -fashioned history and its structure process，All as a garbage waste shake it。So，What is Gu Jiegang's ancient history test? If he will "history itself" and related records，and the structure of the layers of pseudo -work process are all doubt、Wipes、Drop it out，Then he emphasizes "not to stand a true，What is the "flow change" to "poor" can be "poor"? We don’t say that the above perspectives are all unreasonable，Not to say that Gu Jiegang's ancient history test cannot be criticized，But if there is a conflict between various criticisms，Then we need to think about what is the core purpose of Gu Jiegang to identify ancient history，Are these criticisms misunderstanding of Gu Jiegang's concepts。

　　Second, identify "the evolution of the concept of ancient history".Discussion of the ancient history of Gu Jiegang，The more quoted is the "three meaning" of "three meanings" in "The Ancient History Books with Mr. Qian Xuan" and the four in the "Answers Liu Hu's Book" "break in"。but but，"Three meanings" theory of "tiredness" mainly belong to the description of phenomenon，It describes a phenomenon of "layer" in the records of ancient Chinese history; and the four "break" mainly belong to the expression，I advocate wanting to distinguish the ancient history，Must "break" the old concept of Chen Chenxiangyin。They did not accurately reflect the purpose of Gu Jiegang to identify ancient history。Gu Jiegang's purpose is not to "eliminate" ancient historical materials，It is not doubting the existence of ancient history itself，Instead, it is necessary to explain how old ancient historical systems are built by the ancients layer，Aimed at all the doctrines and concepts about ancient history。

Gu Jiegang's object of identifying the old history is the concept of ancient history，Always have clear consciousness。At the beginning of the proposal of the "tiredness" theory，He said: "We have to distinguish between ancient history，Seeing the finishing of the historical traces is still light，The experience of the legend is heavy。Any historical event，What should I see first，What is the gradual change in the future。"" The legendary experience of the legendary experience "and" the change of historical affairs "here，Obviously refers to the evolution of the concept of ancient history。Subsequent，He also emphasized when discussing four "breaks"，Your original intention is to "see the change of ancient history in the legend，Jack into a "Ancient History of Chinese History Caused by the Layers"。This can also be seen，"Full of layers" is aimed at the doctrine and concepts about ancient history，instead of objective history。In fact，Objective history itself cannot be "tired"。

　　Third, "Explain the Composition of Ancient History".Gu Jiegang's evolution of the concept of ancient history，Not only to clarify the sequence of the times when it appears，Its core purpose is to "explain the composition of ancient history"。This point，It has been revealed in "My Research Ancient History Plan" in 1924。The first four courses of this plan are designed to determine various ancient historical materials、Ancient history sequences，Gu Jiegang is called "formal finishing"; the fifth program uses the knowledge of folklore to "explain the meaning of various historical words in ancient times"，Only he regards him as "studying the internal history of ancient history"。By 1925 "Answer Mr. Li Xuanbo"，Gu Jiegang said more clearly: "My main point of ancient history is not in its truth but changes in it"，My "I am willing to work，The reason why the ‘story’ is used to explain the cause of ‘ancient history’ ”。

Visible，Gu Jiegang's ancient history test is more focused on historical epistemology rather than the level of body theory，Its research interest lies in the evolution of previous people's understanding of ancient history，How is the ancient historical system that is passed down from generation to generation，What is the truth of ancient history。For this，Indeed as the thesis said，Gu Jiegang's purpose has great similarities with postmodern history，But we also need to pay attention，The focus of Gu Jiegang's attention is not the truth of ancient history，It does not mean that he has given up the pursuit of the truth，Not to mention that he denies the existence of the truth。

　Fourth, the "movement" of historical materials.Different theory of Ancient History、Evolution of the concept of ancient history，It will inevitably involve false problems，But Gu Jiegang's discrimination is not "de -pseudo"，Instead, "move" these historical materials to the era they appear，Materials that study the ideas of the corresponding era。Gu Jiegang's self -report，Many pseudo -materials，Placed in the pseudo -pseudo era，But in the era of pseudo -work is still an excellent historical material; we destroy it，Not destroy it，Just move its era，It only corresponds to the era of the entrusted era and it is corresponding to the era of appear。As far as Gu Jiegang's specific research is concerned，Some ancient history of the Qin and Han dynasties of the Warring States Period is the pseudo -history compared to the ancient history，But they are indeed the cognition or concept of the ancient history of the Warring States and Qin and Han dynasties，And Gu Jiegang's identification is exactly these cognitions、The evolution process of concept。This is why he positions himself as a special home of "‘ the ancient history of the Middle Ages "。

Since the "tired" theory, it is proposed to this day，There are always scholars on the grounds that there are real materials in pseudo books，Criticive Gu Jiegang to kill ancient history、Wipe of historical materials、Wipe the legend。In fact，The difference between critics and Gu Jiegang，Not a problem of "real" materials in the pseudo -book，Instead, what they pursue is not the same "true": "True" pursued by critics，The "truth" pursued by Gu Jiegang refers to the era of "pseudo -history"; critics are to find the truth of ancient history in the handed down literature，Gu Jiegang wants to use "pseudo -history" to global the ideas of the era，Analyze how the old ancient historical system is constructed。This different reflects the differences in academic concepts，As Gu Jiegang responded to Liu Yizheng's criticism，"It's mentally inconsistent，Is it helpless "。

To sum up，The core purpose of Gu Jiegang to identify ancient history is "Explanation of the Composition of the Ancient History"，Explain that old ancient Chinese history theory、How the concept of ancient historical concepts was gradually constructed by future generations, especially the Qin and Han people of the Warring States Period, and the Qin and Han people of the Warring States Period.，revealing that many of them are actually the result of the historical project of later generations.。The truth of ancient history and the authenticity of ancient historical materials cannot be absent in Gu Jiegang's ancient history test，But neither of them is his final appeal，His demand is through the ancient "pseudo -history" perspective of medieval "true history"。This point，Actually beyond the removal of static authenticity。Gu Jiegang's historical concept may not be novel Bet365 app download today，But a hundred years ago，There is indeed supermodel Shixian or even "incomprehensible"。And this is exactly the same as Gu Jiegang's self -discrimination while identifying ancient history，Repeatedly clarifying what your interest is from the academic circles、Not what，and the academic community seems to be a little bit of an important reason。

(Author Unit: Institute of History Theoretical Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)