In recent years，Scotland Enlightenment has become a new border place for the field of humanities and social sciences to expand the European Enlightenment research field。in philosophy、Economics、Political Science and other fields in the field of politics and other fields to study the ideas of Scotland's enlightenment and their influence，History circles have also achieved some new results in theoretical and empirical research，For example, Li Hongtu's in -depth inspection of the theory of "business society" in Scotland Enlightenment，Shen Haoling、Yin Jianlong and others discuss the relationship between the Construction of Scotland and the British national construction.。Enlightenment thought belongs to upper buildings，The economic basis that depends on was the unprecedented prosperity of Scottish commercial trade at that time、Social reality with increasingly frequent population flow。1700 years，Scotland is still the poorest country in Europe，But when the enlightenment thinker Adam Smith published "National Wealth Theory"，It almost synchronized with England to become the first region in Europe to open the industrial revolution。The rapid development of its socioeconomic and economy is inseparable from the merger of Scottish and England in 1707 to form a modern country of British Kingdom，The Scottish fully participated in the business practice of imperial trade。The first achievement made by the Scottish in the 18th century imperial trade is the cross -Great Ocean tobacco trade centered on Glasgow，Glasgow's business group was the pioneer main force of the Scottish at that time to participate bet365 best casino games in the empire trade。Glasgow and Edinburgh are often regarded by the Scotland as the double -cities of the Enlightenment。The far -reaching impact of the Glasgow business group in the 18th century on the Scottish Enlightenment Movement，It is worth exploring。

　　Commercial trade lays the foundation of enlightenment material 

Many historical documents at the time and research writing of later generations，The development of the Scottish Enlightenment Movement and the activity of the Glasgow business group in the 18th century not only have time intersection，And there is a causal connection。British scholar D. A.farnie (D. A.Farnie) once pointed out，18th -century Glasgow's commercial trade caused Scotland's commercial center of gravity to move from east to west，thus laid the material foundation for "Scottish Renaissance" (actually referring to Scotland Enlightenment)。

After 1707，Scottish and England Economic Economy tends to be integrated，Several major foreign trade port cities outside London have gradually formed a specialty in slave trade、Special divisions of sucrose trade or tobacco trade。Glasgow with many internal and external conditions，once became the most important transit station in the process of transmission to the European continent after the Daobigan, the largest tobacco trade distribution center in the entire Atlantic world。Scottish merchants have also emerged in a large number of business companies formed by Glasgow.，The businessman group has created huge wealth。Since the businessman only concentrates the purchase and sale of goods within a few months after the harvest of the North American tobacco harvest，Therefore, before the harvest of Tobacco, he has the ability to allocate funds and energy organizations and participate in social cultural activities，So inject vitality into the Scottish Enlightenment Movement。

At the same time，Economic and social changes driven bet365 Play online games by the 18th century Glasgow's commercial trade has also become a Scotch scholar、The real material of literati discusses social issues。other，The reason why some enlightenment thinkers can spread from Scotland to the external world，Merchant ships that depend on Glasgow's trains to North America and tobacco vendors in the Social Relations Network of the Atlantic。Glasgow -centric Scottish businessmen are deeply influenced by Enlightenment，Occupational training、Expand Interpersonal Relations Network、Participate in municipal management、I have directly or indirectly taught in enlightenment thinkers in improving literary literacy。So，Scotland Enlightenment and the 18th century Glasgow's businessman group is a mutually beneficial relationship。

　　The businessman group participated in the Enlightenment 

18th century，When the Scottish society has experienced the idea of ​​"civilization" and "progress" as the main melody，Glasgow business groups are also actively participating in rich and diverse social activities in addition to extensive development of commercial and trade practice。1743，Tobacco Merchant Andrew Corchlen and others invested in the Political Economic Club (Polital Economy Club，invited Adam Smith and others to join。The club became a prelude to the establishment of Chamber of Commerce in 1783。mid -18th century，invitations of several tobacco vendors at the invitation of Dr. Glasgow, John More，Funding sponsored the Hodge Podge Club，To improve the participation consciousness of politics and humanistic issues at the time of improving people。1772，When John Moore accompanied the Duke of Hamilton to travel to the European continent，Glasgow tobacco dealer John Dunlop and others responsible for the club's organizational operation。

This period，Glasgow Literature Association。between 1752-1800，bet365 live casino games 24%of the members of the community are directly or indirectly involved in cross -Atlantic trade。Adam Smith、Tomas Reed and other well -known scholars have actively joined the Glasgow Literature Society。Glasgow Tobacco Giants Andrew Corchlen even directly funded Adam Smith to the writing of "National Fortune Theory"。Foulis Academy of Fine Arts in the 18th century Glasgow was originally run by a bookman Robert Forsu.，Its later development benefits from the funding of tobacco vendors such as John Glasford。

　　frequent interaction with enlightenment scholars 

The trade activities of the Glasgow business group have provided the source of thinking for Scottish enlightenment scholars、Writing material and communication pathway。To a certain extent，Adam Smith explore the theory of liberal economics、The values ​​that formed optimism have benefited from their vision when they work and live in Grasopo。At that time，Atlantic trade to a certain extent dominates the economic and political life of the Glasgow region。Adam Smith studied at the University of Glasgow，1751-1764 taught there，A practical and profound understanding of local economic and social life，The basic points of the wealthy country and Yumin Theory are inseparable from the economic change of Scotland at that time，The source of the ideas of its business social theory is inseparable from the economic, trade and social activities engaged in Glasgow businessmen。Many of his listeners when he was lectured at the University of Glasgow was local businessmen and their children。He has admitted，The more than ten years taught at the University of Glasgow is the most useful and happiest time in life。Students who have a close relationship with Adam Smith，There are also people who have participated in commercial trade。

During the spread of Scottish Enlightenment Thought to the outside world，Publisher Robert Fest、The Andrew Forstes brothers can sell enlightenment bet365 Play online games ideological books to North American colonies，The trading channels opened by tobacco ships and tobacco vendors sent by Glasgow。Francis Harchinson's "Moral Philosophy System"、William Richard's "Rural Poetry" and other books are transmitted to North America。The North American Social Relations Network developed by Glasgow businessmen makes the Foses and the partner of Franklin Press David Hao.，Building bridges for the works of enlightenment thinkers。Glasgow businessman James Oswald as a friend of David Hume，It is not related to the spread of the thought of Hume to the outside world。Thanks to the development of Glasgow's cross -ocean tobacco trade，Many people born in North American tobacco colonies go to Glasgow to receive education。These people are also consciously or unconsciously understand and spread the ideological culture of the Scottish Enlightenment Movement。

Another，The public expression of some scholars and literati in the 18th century can also reflect the interaction between the business society advocated by the enlightenment scholars。1745，When many people in Glasgow's business community participate in the Atlantic trade driven by tobacco，Volume Eight Volumes of this publication "Spectator" (Spectator) published in Gelasgow，Get a wide range of subscriptions from the merchant class。This publication has published a post saying that businessmen "gathered people in an interactive occupation，Assigning gifts given to human beings，I found a job for the poor，I found property for the rich "。1762，The businessman George Bukanan, a businessman who contributed and organized the construction of Glasgow Street，The Scott Magazine, which promotes enlightenment, praises it as "one of the most common businessmen in the North Britain，A sense of knowledgeable and uncomfortable in the business field。1783 "Glasgow bet365 live casino games Magazine and Review" published an issue，Editor's support for thanks to Glasgow businessmen such as Patrick Cordon, "We are now happy to be business in the state of happiness，We must also be attributed to business when we come out of ignorance and barbaric。... gentlemen，You are the first batch of shelters in the kingdom business。”

Glasgow business groups are willing and can help in Scotland Enlightenment，Pay attention to education with the Scottish、Happy to know、The national tradition related to innovation，This tradition can trace a university spirit in the medieval Scotland，It also benefited from the reform of religious reforms，The Scottish Church of Garwinzong asked everyone to read the precepts of the Bible。17th century，The Scottish Parliament has repeatedly promulgated the Education Act，Requires the landlord to fund the education of school education in the world。18th century，The average education level of the Scottish is the highest among the four subjects in the British island.，Most urban residents have the opportunity to enter a regular school for education。Adam Smith once pointed out，Scottish Diocese school facilities almost allow all people to recite，Let most people write calculations。18th century，Glasgow business group has received 100%of the number of people who have received school education。At that time，England Oxford、Two universities in Cambridge are still mainly accepting noble children，And the University of Glasgow and the University of Edinburgh have been opened to ordinary citizens，This gives many merchants engaged in overseas trade with the opportunity to study at universities。At that time, there were already some in the city of Glasgow that could be taught to write、Reading and Classical Language School，And these schools start to set up some practical courses Bet365 app download that directly help students' career。So，Glasgow's business group has higher cultural quality，A benign interaction with scholars and literati in the Enlightenment。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "British Empire's Trade Displaying Period of Scotland (1603-1901)" (18CSS031) phased results)  

　　(Author Unit: Marxism College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology)