Nero (reigned from 54-68 AD) was the last emperor of the Roman Empire Julia -Claudi dynasty，It is also the rumored "tyrant"。Although Nero in historical records is portrayed as the image of "violent luxury"，But by re -interpreting these historical materials，Nero's image shows a complicated side。In the early stage of its rule，Nero has promulgated many enlightened laws and regulations，Therefore, it was praised by the public for a time，so that many people still miss him after his death。Actually，Nero's "tyrant" image left in history，Mainly due to the propaganda of Christian historians。For example，Christian historian Deltuli thinks，Nero is the first Roman Emperor who pointed to Christianity。Early Christian historians out of hatred and disgust of Nero，Nero and Christianity described in their pen is the same as the fire and fire，The demonization of Nero's image has continued for thousands of years since then。

　　bet365 best casino games Roman Emperor Tibi Rule of Rule，Under the strong requirements of the Jews，Governor of the Roman Empire Jewish Provincial Governor Ben Dossi Pilate died Jesus on the cross。After the death of Jesus，Its disciples gathered to Jerusalem to preach the gospel，The prototype of the Christian Church gradually appears。The continuous growth of the Jerusalem church，attracted the attention of Jewish and even persecution。After the anti -martyrdom，The church in Jerusalem was severely hit，Disciples Sanda to preach everywhere。Among Christian missionaries，It has made great contributions to the establishment of the early church than Peter and Paul。Because they died in the period of the emperor Nero's rule，With Nero’s bad name，Christian writers determine that the death of the two is related to Nero。

About Peter's Death，There are almost no reliable historical evidence for current，The time that happened、Location、The reasons are controversial。Usbisbius claims in the History of the Church，Peter came to Rome at the end of his apostles and was persecuted，Died of dying on the cross。Laktttius also records，Peter visited Rome during the period of Nero，Many Roman people believe in teaching，The development of Christianity has caused Nero's dissatisfaction，Nero demolished the church and nailed Peter on the cross。

and Paul's preaching deeds can reflect the tolerance of the Roman authorities for Christianity。According to the Biography of the Apostle，When Paul preaches in Jerusalem，Cighty and even imprisonment by the Jewish Christians，They hand over Paul to the Roman Chiefs for disposal。But Paul asked to go to Rome City，Tell to the emperor Nero。Paul stayed in Rome for two years，During this time，The Roman authorities did not embarrass him，and allow him to preach here。About the death of Paul，Christian historian once again aims at Nero。Olosus believes that Paul was killed by Nero with a sword，There are also Christian historians who believe that these two envoys died in the persecution of Christianity after the fire in 64 AD。

No matter what the later Christian literature is viewed and explained，It can be seen from Paul's missionary deeds，The Roman government not only did not persecute him，and treat him with a relatively friendly and respectful bet365 best casino games attitude。but，Peter and Paul's death provided room for Christian writers in future generations，Nero becomes a negative role in their pen、The murderer who persecuted the Apisite。In fact，We cannot prove that they died in Nero's hand，No reliable historical materials can associate their death with the "persecution" after the Roman fire in 64 AD。

　　Second, the shaping of Nero's "tyrant" image.July 19, 64 AD，A fire not only changed the Roman City，even makes Nero stinky 10,000 years。This unexpected fire burn freely in Roman City，About July 28，The fire was completely controlled。The fire this time is more serious than any previous，14 urban areas in Roman City，Only 4 urban areas are left，3 urban areas have burned open space，There are only residual walls left in the other 7 cities。It is said that，When the fire is strong，Nero tells the story of Troy's destruction，Roman people feel angry after hearing it，All believe that it is Nero to fire the city，For the construction of a New Roman city that conforms to his heart。

Although Nero invested in the construction of the colonnade，Actively devote themselves to post -disaster reconstruction，But can’t calm the people's grievances，The responsibility of this disaster must be assumed。In the earliest existing information，Old Plinger、Surois and Dio Cassius do not hesitate to blame the responsibility on Nero。According to Tasci,，Nero found a Christian for rumor，Due to the disgust of the Romans，So they are the best candidates for scapegoats，Nero arrested those Christians，Let them wear animal skin，Shards torn by dogs，Other tied to the cross，Belled when the sky is darker，as the lighting of lighting。The bet365 live casino games narrative of the Roman fire in Taxi and the record of punishing Christians after the fire，Become a future generation to understand the authoritative historical materials of this period。After that, the works that associate Christians with Nero and the fire，Basically, I refer to the "Chronicles of Chronicles"。But the strange thing is，Other classical historians did not associate the fire with Nero to punish Christians。Surozius wrote: "Nero punished Christians，Because they are just evil religious people。"" "Dio Cassius did not mention Christians at all，Not to mention Nero's punishment for Christians。His silence in this area，It may be more in line with the attitude of the classical historians at that time。

In fact，Nero's reigning period still continues the religious tolerance policy of the Roman Empire。Without touching the interests of the empire，Nero as the rulers will not deliberately target a small religion that is still budding。So，We can think，Nero treats Christianity in general with a tolerant or even ignoring attitude。But some ancient literature records Nero's action against Christianity，Classical writers regard this action as "punishment"，Christian writers regard this action as "persecution"。I think，Use the word "suppression" to describe Nero's action to Christianity，More objective。and，Nero's suppression of Christianity is only a local、Small scale。

　　Third, Nero is tolerant and local suppression of Christianity.There is no exact evidence in historical materials that can explain the reasons for the Roman authorities represented by Nero，We can only speculate that Christianity has touched the interests of the empire to some extent，Therefore, the scourge of killing is recruited。From the perspective of the political position of the empire itself or religious position，Can explain why the Christian Church is not welcomed by the Roman Empire。

In ancient Rome，Religious rooted in various fields of life，and politics、Social and other aspects intertwined。Nero's attitude towards religion，Closely related to its political performance。He obviously adopted the desire to adopt Oriental monarchy in the later stages of rule，Political status strengthening requires religious support，Nero trys to strengthen the worship of the emperor。But this will inevitably cause suppression of other religions，Has Christian describing Nero as a cruel tyrant and Christian persecution。In addition，Rome is not a country with complete religious freedom，If other heresy religious believers cause riots，It will be regarded as a threat to the order of Roman。In the eyes of most Romans，Christians are a group of evil pagans，Roman's attitude towards Christianity is as described by Suroz and Tasica，They make riots，Is a harmful superstition。Early，Christian educated Jews have caused the turbulence of the domestic situation and damage to religious peace in the Jewish community。Later，When they are missionary in non -Jews，The same thing happened。Obviously，In the eyes of the Roman government，Christian threatened national security，It also caused the disgust of the Roman people。From the perspective of the Roman Empire，Nero's actions taken by Christians are reasonable punishment。

Romans think that Christianity is a harmful religion，This is related to the doctrine of Christianity itself。Christianity allows only to believe in one God，The god of other nations Bet365 app download is a pseudo god，This will inevitably arouse the anger of other religions。Besides，With the spread of Christianity，Roman citizens have become Christians，Conversion of Christianity means that they become Christianism，I will no longer worship the Roman Gods，Abandoning traditional religion。This also exacerbates the contradiction between Christianity and traditional Roman religion。Another，Ri riots caused by the preach of Christian missionary，Jewish's hostility to Christians is becoming stronger，The Roman authorities have to make a choice between Christians and Jewish believers。and Jewish religion from Augusti，expressed their loyalty to the Roman Empire，Protected by the empire。In addition, Nero may be affected by his wife Poria，tend to Jewish，Although Nero may suppress Christianity from the personal and Uta position，But the empire will inevitably choose Judaism between Christianity and Judaism。

Nero's rule of rule is when the early Christian rise，Under the positive preach of the missionary，The scale of Christianity gradually expands。Peter and Paul as the main force of mission，It is also a representative of Christianity，Nero's attitude towards them reflects the attitude of the Roman Empire to Christianity at this time。Although the descendants blamed the death of Peter and Paul on Nero，But the author thinks that their death has nothing to do with Nero。Although these classic "persecution" events may be fictional，But during the period of Nero, the Roman authorities did suppress Christianity，Because in terms of the religion of the Roman Empire itself or the political interests of the empire，Nero has reasons to suppress Christianity。But this suppression is only a Bet365 lotto review local，Nero still follows the religious tolerance attitude。This overall tolerance、Attitude of local suppression，It was used by the Roman rulers later。

(This article is the National Social Science Fund key project "Roman -Byzantine Empire's Christian Policy History Research" (20ASS002) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Law and History of the University of Inner Mongolia)