"Full Sky Fighting" and "Diversity" are classic theories in the field of archeology and ethnicology。"Full of Tianxing Dou" originated from Mr. Su Bingqi's practice of the Types of the Archaeological Cultural Area of ​​the Neolithic Times of China;，and use the Neolithic Times as the starting point for understanding the diversified pattern of the Chinese nation。Although "Full Sky Fighting" is included in the "diversity" of "diversity"，But the "from" Full of Heaven "to 'Diversity'" can still better reflect the development trend of Chinese civilization，In recent years, it has also been used to explore the specific process of the origin and formation of Chinese civilization。Where，Yunnan in environmental resources、History Culture、The prominent diversity of national composition and other aspects，Make it an example of discussing from "full star fight" to "diverse"。

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The Yunnan region we discuss correspondingly is the "Southwest District" in the comprehensive natural geographical partition，It is a tropical subtropical Yamahara, which is tilted from north to south in the overall terrain，Including the Yunnan Plateau and Point Cangshan -the west of the Mount Cangshan -the west of the south extension pulse of the Dian Cangshan -Ai Gaoshan，It mainly involves Yunnan and Liangshan Prefecture, Yunnan and Sichuan Province, which are mainly planned today、Panzhihua City。Incorporate southern Sichuan Province into the scope of Yunnan area for discussion，In addition to the basis of geography，In the archeology, you can also see the relics represented by Xichang Lizhou and Yuanmou Dadunzi in the early years.，collectively referred to as "Dadunzi -Lizhou Cultural Type"; in recent years，Zhou Zhiqing proposed the concept of the "New Stone Cultural Circle of the Midstream of the Golden Sand River"，Including the Neolithic Age relics in the north and south sides of the Jinsha River。These reflect the close correlation between southern Sichuan and Yunnan。In the past, the Yunnan -Guizhou Plateau, which was often discussed as a whole，Actually, "Kunming Quick State Fighting" is actually the boundary，Divided into Yunnan Plateau and Guizhou Plateau，There are certain differences in the material and appearance of the two places。Around the Yunnan area, except the Guizhou Plateau，north of Sichuan Basin and Tibetan、Connect of West Sichuan Plateau，Connecting the Guangxi Plain in the southeast and the Guanghe Plain，South、West to connect with the Pan State Plateau and the Ilovaland Plain, respectively，The importance bet365 live casino games of location is self -evident。

In the Yunnan area, it has not yet been found that it is clearly clear than the New Stone Age relic of 5,000 years ago，Entering the Bronze Age is roughly 3500 years ago，It is a Time range that is different and associated with other regions.。Although some old was found in Yunnan area、Materials in the transition stage of the Neolithic era，But there seems to be "blank" in this time period from 7000-5000 years to this period。In recent years，Peace Cultural Sites discovered in the southern border area of ​​Yunnan，Perhaps it can provide us with new ideas for discussing the upper limit of the Neolithic Age in Yunnan.。Peace culture is a type of stone industry that focuses on the Southeast Asian continent.，It may be related to the hunting collection crowd。Although the stone tool is a typical factor in the Paleolithic era，But the time range of peace culture has far exceeded the time range of the common Paleolithic era。The earliest known peaceful cultural relics are currently known as the site of Cangyuan Nitty Cave in Yunnan，About 43,000 years ago，and the lower limit of the peaceful cultural relics can even continue until about 3500 years away from the Southeast Asia。Compared to discussing peace culture in the late Paleolithic era，Start from technology and livelihood，It may help us understand the adaptability of the long -term period of peace culture。It is necessary to explore the process of the Neolithic era in Yunnan from "Full Sky Dou" to the "multi -integrated" process，The lower limit will be appropriately extended to the bronze era，That is, after 3500 years from this day。What we want to emphasize is，The time range of the Neolithic Age in Yunnan has its own characteristics，Discussion on your own framework，Make comparative research more meaningful。

　Internal contact is increasingly close

The division of zone types is the basic work of archeological Bet365 app download research in the Neolithic era，Yunnan area is more consistent in space partitions and relics characteristics.，So summarizing the characteristics of the relics in the framework of the partition is the most direct approach。After many years of accumulation of field data and research on seniors scholars，There are more than a dozen places in the Neolithic era proposed in the Yunnan area in the past，Ruyang Village Type、Dadunzi type、Shizhai Mountain Type、Busy type、Zhaxin Farm Type、Type of Xiaoshidong、Manico type、Ge Deng Type、Haidong Village Type、Stone Buddha Cave Type、Early type of Dahua Stone、New Guang type、Lizhou type, etc.。Where，Aries Village、Dadunzi、Shizhai Mountain、Busy、Stone Buddha Cave and other types，It is considered to be named culture。These types or culture that are still familiar to this day，Both the foundation of archeological research in the Neolithic Age in Yunnan area，It also had a profound impact on the later work。

Sun Hua once pointed out，Although it was discovered and named in Yunnan, many types of Neolithic Age or Culture，But it is difficult to figure out the relationship between these types or cultures and the relationship between source flow，Even the long -term relics of the bronze era as the relic of the Neolithic Age。This is a big problem that has always troubled archaeological Bet365 app download research in the Neolithic Times in Yunnan.，There are certain objective factors for the cause of this problem。First is the characteristics of the early relics itself in Yunnan region，distribution is more scattered，Most of the accumulation is not thick，The connotation of the same relic is relatively simple，But the overall appearance is more complicated。Plus limited by the early field work due to conditions，Most of them are survey or trial，L for less formal excavation，Today, several key sites such as Aries Village、Dadunzi、New Guang、Although the gate of the sea has been excavated many times，But there are still many places that have not carried out jobs。Materials are becoming more and more scientific、Comprehensive、Rich current，Continue to promote archeological research in the Neolithic Age in Yunnan area is imperative。The first thing we face is to establish and improve the time and space framework of the Neolithic Age in Yunnan.，An important research content contained in it is to identify the relics of the Neolithic Times in the past。Thanks to the gradual clarity of the overall appearance of the relics in the bronze era in Yunnan region，We can have an important reference system in the process of distinguishing。

Comprehensive geography and archeology,，We divide the Yunnan region into 9 geographical units，Dian Cangshan — the lower reaches of the Yajiajiang River east of Ai Jian Mountain、Erhai area、Longchuan River Basin、Dianchi Lake area、Southeast Yunnan、West side of Wumeng Mountain and Point Cangshan — Hengduan Mountain, west of Ai Jian Mountain、downstream of the Nujiang River、Lancang River downstream Basin，Then sort out each geographical unit from the old、Neolithic Age transitioned to the archeological relics of the early Bronze Age。We can grasp the overall appearance of various types of relics as much as possible，But the discussion is still based on typical pottery swarms，Stone Said，and compare with the clearly relics of the Bronze Age，Different from the New Stone Age relics with sufficient evidence。In the New Stone Age relics in the past，Some are temporarily included in the Neolithic Age transition to the Bronze Age，Some should belong to the Bronze Age。In the end, we roughly established the Yunnan area from the old、The Time and Space Framework Bet365 app download of the Neolithic Age transitioned to the early archeological relics of the Bronze Age。

Old、The clues of the relics during the transition phase of the Neolithic Times appear in Dian Cangshan — Western Mountain West，Ru Lancang River Basin is 22,000-10,000 years of Nami Trip in the Lancang River.、The downstream basin of the Nujiang River is 8000-7000 years of Tangzigou relics，and peaceful cultural relics worthy of attention，The possibility of local origin in the Neolithic era，But there are still more loops，At the same time, you need to solve the problem of "blank" of 7000-5000 years away。

At present, the more clear Neolithic Times relics are mainly distributed in Dian Cangshan -Ai Jian Mountain East，Sujiabao in the lower reaches of the Yazhen River、Hengli Mountain、Dong Jiapo's relics，The first phase of Yinsuo Island in Erhai Lake、Early early、Du Ziping relics，Early relics in Dadunzi in the Longchuan River Basin，Haidong relics in the Dianchi area，and although it is classified as the lower stream of the lower reaches of the Nu River，But at the connection point Cangshan — Aiharan Shandong、Xinguang relics of important nodes on both sides of the west。The era of these relics is roughly 5000-4000 years away from today，Except the cultural appearance of Haidong's relics is relatively complicated，The correlation between the relics is more obvious，In particular, it reflects the strong influence from the northern culture north of Yunnan，The factor originated from the Mainland at this time has entered the Point Cangshan from the east of the Cangshan -Ai Jun Mountain。

Temporarily incorporates more relics during the transitional period of the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age，Basically cover the entire Yunnan area，The scope of the age may be 4000-3500 years away from today，But still need to be discussed。Early Early Lizhou in the lower reaches of the Yaji River、Gaopo relics，Yinsuo Island Phase II in Erhai Lake、One phase of the relic at the gate of the sea，Dadunzi in the Longchuan River Basin Late Destrade，If Dian in southeast Yunnan、Little River Cave relics，The busyness of the lower stream of the Lancang River、Mang Mangxun relics，Early relics in the large flower stone in the lower reaches of the Nujiang River，Lanping Ma'anshan relics in Lanping Mountains in Hengduan Mountain。Some of these relics are closely related to the relics of the local Neolithic era，Some are new relics or are influenced by foreign culture。Cultural exchanges at this stage on the basis of continuation，Deep and breadth has been further expanded。

After entering 3500 years from the moment，Copper -related relics were found in all parts of Yunnan area，From time to view，Discovery in the north as a whole is earlier in the south。Later, the Yunnan area was relatively rapidly forming a variety of bronze culture，step Bet365 app download from multiple centers to Erhai、Two centers of Dianchi Lake，Until the development of Yunnan culture to its peak，Finally integrated into the Chinese civilization。

After combing and analyzing，We have a new understanding of the local types of the Neolithic Times of Yunnan in the Yunnan area in the past: Shizhaishan type、Zhaxin Farm Type、Ge Deng Types, etc. are consistent with the height of the relics in the local bronze era，It is recommended not to be used as a place type in the Neolithic era;、Lizhou type connotation is not simply，The late period should belong to the bronze era;，But the evidence of the Copper -related relics still needs to be fulfilled。At the same time，Our work has not changed the understanding of the "full star fight" in the Shinshi Age of Yunnan in the past，The time and space framework established also enables us to observe the trend and characteristics of the Yunnan area from "full star fight" to "diversity"。We think，It is precisely because the Yunnan area starts from the Neolithic era，Internal connections are getting closer and closer，Only to accelerate it in the bronze era，In this process, the influence from the culture northern Yunnan is mainly based on the influence of the northern culture。

　　Examine from the perspective of the crop

The important role of agriculture for the formation and development of the formation and development of the diversity of Chinese civilization has been confirmed in archeological discovery and research，Mr. Fei Xiaotong also believes that agriculture is the main factor for the formation of ethnic cohesion。In recent years，The results of early plant archeology in Yunnan are getting richer and richer，It provides us with a more comprehensive perspective for knowing the process of knowing the Yunnan area from the "full star fight" to the "diversified one"。On the one hand, we want to see the diversity of plants from ancient times to the present，You need to continue to explore the history of local plant domestication，On the other hand, we must also see that the superior crops are closely correlated with the "Star Dou" from the Neolithic Time in Yunnan.。

The advantageous crops we are talking about mainly refers to the origin of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River、Midstream Basin、rice in the two river basins、millet category、Mai category，The time for their origin and early diffusion is earlier than the current discovery in Yunnan.。Through simple combing，We can observe these three types of superior crops in the Yunnan area.。

The first time from about 5000 years ago，The prominent feature is that rice and millet crops appear in the Yunnan area，and gradually form a crop structure dominated by rice。The Sai Fort site in the lower reaches of the Yaji River first discovered these two types of crops，About bet365 Play online games 4500 years ago，The Hengli Mountain site in the same basin is mainly rice crops，The Dadunzi site in the Longchuan River Basin also found these two types of crops，Xintuang site in the lower reaches of Nujiang River found only rice crops。About 3500 years away，Most of the places in Yunnan are mainly rice crops。At present，Rice and millet crops should be introduced into Yunnan area through the lower reaches of the Yaji River，Disted in the Neolithic era，and laid the advantageous position of rice work in areas with good water and heat conditions。

The second time from about 3500 years ago，The protruding feature is the appearance of wheat crops and forms a crop structure mainly based on wheat or rice wheat in some areas。The earliest discovery of wheat crops in Yunnan area is at the site of the Haimen in Erhai Lake and the Zong and Our Site in Hengguan Mountains，Among them, the site of the sea gate has undergone obvious transformations from rice -based to wheat -based categories。About 3000 years ago，The site of the Dianchi Lake area presents the crop structure of rice wheat with heavy crop。Wheat crops as a relics related to bronze wares，May enter the Yunnan area through northwestern Yunnan，Replace millet crops in areas with less water and heat conditions and form an advantageous position，It should play an important role in the formation and development of the central area of ​​Dianchi Lake。

The discovery of these three types of superior crops in the Yunnan region is basically the same as the development process from the Neolithic era under the traditional perspective of Yunnan.，The sources of rice and millet crops in the Neolithic Times also point to north of Yunnan area，The source of wheat crops in the bronze era has more possibilities，Propaganda route under the perspective of crop、Trends and characteristics are also clearer。We think，The localization of foreign superior crops in Yunnan may change the original livelihood method and social structure，It is one of the key drivers of the integrated process of Yunnan region。

Combination through traditional perspective and crop persistence，We have a more comprehensive understanding of the process of the Shinshite era from the "Full Sky" to the "Full Sky Fighting" in the Yunnan area。Yunnan area in the old、The transition phase of the Neolithic era reflects the use of broad -spectrum use of moving and plant resources，But the situation where the future is 7000-5000 years is unknown，The Neolithic Age relics appeared in about 5000 years away，Among them, foreign cultural factors and superior crops，These external causes have been promoted to a certain extent and accelerated the process of integrating the Yunnan region from diversified to，We may be able to speculate that the Yunnan area, which is 7000-5000 years old, has continued the old、The long -term stable development state of the new stone artifact period。bet365 best casino games At present, the source of the material is mostly directed to the outside world.，The specific route needs to be further clarified。The lower reaches of the Yazhen River in the Yunnan area、Erhai area、Longchuan River Basin、The northern part of Yunnan Plateau, represented by Dianchi Lake, should be discussed in the core area of ​​multi -diverse direction，Point Cangshan -Ai Jian Mountain on both sides is mainly connected through the channels of Cangshan and Aihanshan junction。Last，We want to explore the internal factors of the Yunnan area from diversified to one.。The "Full Sky Dou" in the Neolithic Age in Yunnan is closely related to the diversity of local environmental resources，Although it can maintain stable development，But it is actually decentralized，It is difficult to form a concentrated breakthrough，At the same time, it is easy to be affected by strong culture。It may be exactly under the common action of inside and outside，The Yunnan area has embarked on the road of integration from the Neolithic era。

(This article is the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Research on the Civilization Process of the Economic and Society of Yunnan Plateau History Economic and Society" (21ckg008) phased results)

(Author Unit: College of History and Archives of Yunnan University)