hosted by Wuhan University，Wuhan University Yangtze River Civilization and Archeology Research Institute、The Southwest Tea Horse Ancient Road Literature Documentation and Heritage Protection Research Symposium hosted by the Tea Culture Research Center of Wuhan University recently held in Wuhan。From the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Peking University、Beijing Normal University、Henan University、Sichuan University、Hubei University and other units attended the meeting，From different times、Line、The main body cuts，Exchange the latest research results in this field。

　　bet365 best casino games In the history of the development of human civilization and cultural exchanges，Different natural resources and products in various places，People need to pass the area、Long -distance trade to complement each other。As early as the pre -Qin period，Trade exchanges between Shu Di and ancient India。Chen Shuqian, Secretary -General of the Sichuan Tea Circulation Association, said，Emperor Hanwu，Opened Shundi to cross the south to Da Xiangling、Cross Dadu River，leading to Liangshan、Shu Road in Xichang Plain。Shu County Merchants exchange yaks with ethnic minorities with tea leaves、Horse and other supplies，This is the prototype of the early folk tea horse trade。

Since riding and shooting the main means of war，Ma become an indispensable strategic material for the army。Mainland China does not give birth to horses，The horses of the army mainly come from the Mongolian Plateau and the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau pastoral area。Professor Sun Hua, a professor at Peking University Archaeological Expo College，After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty,，Because the grassland and desert areas along the Great Wall are occupied by Liaoning and Xixia，Lost the grassland of raising horses。The Bet365 app download army lacks war horses，Then he is committed to buying horses from all tribes from the Plateau in the West。For this，The Song Dynasty established an organization that specializes in acquiring tea in Chengdu and other places in Sichuan to monopolize tea trade，and transport the tea to the place where the market is set to exchange the horses。After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty，In view of the existence of Mongolian residual forces in the north，Continue to change the horse with tea。The official franchise of the tea horse in the Ming Dynasty，In Chengdu, Sichuan、Chongqing、Paulin、，transported to Ganqing'an and West Sichuan Kangba region to change horses。

In the development of more than a thousand years，Tea Horse Ancient Road has become vertical and horizontal、Road network in connected with mountains and sea。Sun Qian, vice chairman of the China International Tea Culture Research Association, said，There are three main tea horse roads recognized so far，Sichuan -Shaanxi -Gansu -green line、Sichuan -Tibet Line、Yunnan -Tibet Line。He introduced，Sichuan -Shaanxi -Gansu -green line time early、Large scale，It is mainly based on the needs of the national war，The main function is to use Tea Yima，Time span is about 200 years。The Sichuan -Tibet Line is after the Sichuan -Shaanxi -Gansu -green line、Fix it due to the need for the war，Last time for thousands of years，Later turned into private trade。The Yunnan -Tibet Line is mainly based on department stores such as salt and sugar tea, which is commonly communicated with folk interoperability，Malaysia as the main transport tool。

，Different points of many scholars from the ancient road network of Chama、Section Cut in，Expand research。Professor Duan Yu, a professor at the Bashu Cultural Research Center of Sichuan Normal University, start with the trade change from Minjiang Road。He introduced，Pre -Qin period，Minjiang Road relies on natural channel conditions，Behind the migration of ancient nation，Gradually formed a developed free trade bet365 live casino games system。Western Han Dynasty，The central government has strongly promoted the county and county system，and crack down on the business activities of Shu merchants，Make the original commercial and trade function of Minjiang Road to disintegrate。Tang and Song Dynasties，Changes in the regional political pattern，The Minjiang Road becomes the frontier of Hanfan's contact，Strategic position is valued，Economic activities such as tea and horses and horses and horses。Southern Song Dynasty，The imperial court implements "governing the border with tea"，The widely implemented "tea quotes" system strengthened the commercial trade function of Minjiang Road。

Ya'an to Kangding (ancient known as arrow furnace) on the Sichuan -Tibet line，Mainly back -to -back transport，The cargo arrives at Kangding before transporting it to Qamdo、Lhasa and other places。Professor Kong of Chengdu Teachers College, Kong You also said，Since the rise of the tea horse,，To meet the nearest supply of Tibetan tea，Tea leaves are widely planted in Ya'an area，Later, it gradually became an important tea planting、Production、Sales Center，Ya'an has also become the starting point of the Sichuan Tibetan Line of the Chama Ancient Road。After Xining of the Song Dynasty，The court set up a tea horse steamdown in Ya'an，Further consolidating the status of Ya'an。Since then，Although the demand for horses in the Central Plains dynasty is intermittent，But the people in the Tibetan area have never stopped the demand for tea。In the early Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty，The "tea quotes" system in the court，Allow merchants to sell Tibetan tea，So many tea merchants have emerged。From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China，Tibetan tea buying and selling completely become private business behaviors，Tea trade is more prosperous。

　　2，Tea Horse Ancient Road Promote the economic and social and cultural development of the Plateau of the West Sichuan。Southwest Tea Horse Ancient Road is not just a business channel，It is a bridge for cultural exchanges and dissemination。Researcher Lu Hanyu, a researcher at Wuhan University Tea Culture Research Center，The three main lines of the ancient trail of the Southwest Tea Horse have their own unique effects in different historical periods。Qinghai -Tibet Tea Horse Ancient Road, also known as Tangfan Ancient Road，It is the main traffic channel of Han and Tibetan in the Tang Dynasty。Princess Wencheng enters Tibet，Make the tea drinking style in Tubo，Later，Mainland tea began to enter Tibetan in a larger scale through Qinghai -Tibet Tea Horse Ancient Road。To the Song Dynasty，Qinghai -Tibet Tea Horse Ancient Road becomes the main road for Hanzang tea and horse trade。During the Southern Song Dynasty，The court comes from 杞、Buy Horse in Hengshengzhai and other places in Luzhou，Eye Guangxi、Guizhou and other places to the Mainland。Since the Ming Dynasty，Qingzang、Chuanzang、Yunnan Tibetan Tea Horse Ancient Road，Folk Tea Horse Commercial Activities Over the prosperous。During the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty，Qinghai -Tibet Tea Horse Ancient Road follows the official camp tea and horse trade，Only abolished in the early years of Qianlong; during the Kangxi period，Chuanzang、Yunnan Tibetan Tea Horse Ancient Road all implemented tea merchants trade，Government issued tea quotes、Levy tea tax，Tea dealer free operation。Lu Hanyu said，The development of business activities carried by the ancient road，Multi -ethnic cultures along the line have also produced more close communication and integration。

Ancient Road，From different regions、Merchants with different backgrounds、Traveler and Gang and other，With their own culture and customs，Communicate with the locals、Transaction。Luo Chengyong, a second -level inspector of the Chongqing SASAC, said，This promotes the integration of multi -ethnic culture，Promoting the integration of tea culture and the culture of various ethnic groups in the Southwest region，formed a unique regional cultural style。Ming and Qing Dynasties，Huishang is an important business force for tea trade active in the southwest region。Associate Researcher Heng Jian, an associate researcher at the School of History of Anhui Normal Bet365 lotto review University，In the fierce market competition，Huishang relies on group cohesion，At the same time, actively rely on local government asylum，Get considerable economic income。They all transport the Hui tea in their hometown to the southwest，Also transport tea in the southwest region to other places，Promoting the development of tea and horse trade，Economic and cultural exchanges in Huizhou and Southwest China，Promoting the economic development of the Southwest Ethnic Area。

Mu Shihua, a researcher at the Institute of Ethnicology and Anthropology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Han and Tibetan relations and southern road tea、Nearly two thousand years between tea on the west road，Can be called Great History。The historical function of the ancient trail of the tea horse，The history of the millennium trade in Han, Tibet、Internationalization of tea trade，The Chinese and Western Trade War caused by modern silver capital and the sales of Chinese -English and Indian tea sales re -examined in the view of the Chinese frontier crisis。

　　Third, use historical geographical information system integration data.From the Song Dynasty，Mainland China and the Frontier Leaf、Horse and other trade derived a set of strict laws、System and Policy。Researcher Song Shilei, a researcher at Wuhan University Tea Culture Research Center，Japanese scholars have paid attention to tea and horse trade since the beginning of the 20th century，They use various historical literature materials to carry out research on the ontology of the tea -horse trail，Also go to the tea -horse ancient road site for personal experience、Investigation and survey，Cut in from a multi -disciplinary perspective。Introduction to scholars，At the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century，Many foreigners go to the tea -horse road from Sichuan to Tibet to inspect，Tibetan tea and tea horse ancient roads inadvertently enter their vision。Later，With the development of the British Indian tea industry，The British began to stab the Tibetan tea market。In order to make the printing tea go to Tibet smoothly，The British and Indian government has organized multiple batch of businessmen、Scholar、Explorers conduct a long period of inspection of the tea industry and its business -like state of the southwestern China。The scientific research results of printing tea into Tibet not only record the status of the tea industry in the Kangzang area，It also involves the style of the region's style，Objectively filling the insufficient information of relevant parties。

Generally speaking，Famous tea production and important tea areas in history often have tea monument relics，You can make up for the shortcomings of historical books、Confirmation of each other with historical books。Professor Yang Haichao, a professor at the School of Patriotism, Southwest Forestry University，A group of Qing Dynasty monuments in Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province，Content involving tea official documents、Teamin Construction Club and the construction of tea -horse ancient road bridges，Records the politics of local society on the ancient road of the tea horse、Economy、National、Culture and other rich information，Multiple academic value。He surveyed the original monument and its natural environment and social environment of these inscriptions，At the same time, combined with relevant parties、Archives and other historical data exams have been inspected。

In the long history，Tea Horse Ancient Road has a wealth of literature and historical relics。Former Vice President of Wuhan University、Humanities and Social Sciences Professor Hu Dekun said in his speech，The academic community must further integrate the type rich、Covering surface、Various resources with huge quantities，Long -term development of research in this field。Assistant Peng Yan, director of Wuhan University Wanlin Art Museum, said，Nature and cultural ecology in the relevant areas of the ancient road of the tea horse is extremely fragile，With the rapid development of the economy and society，A large amount of related relics disappear quickly，Urgent need for rescue collation。Peng bet365 live casino games Yan Suggestion，Construction special geographical information system，Provide clear space reference for related research，To achieve accurate and quantitative spatial analysis and intuitive space -time display。Create the status quo，Based on the time and space framework，Heritage data is the core，Literature materials are support，Create the status quo、History、Line、4 space databases and lines、Heritage two attribute databases，The system function design should be displayed focusing on、Analysis and output。