In the end of the Ming Dynasty，Disordination between division between various Mongolian parts，Against each other。Nurhachi unified women's true ministry，After the establishment, the Golden Regime，Turn to the unity of Mongolia。Hou Jin and the Qing Dynasty in the process of unified Mongolia，Refer to the Manchu Eight Banner System，Combined with the original Otoc、Love Mark，Set up the Zasak Banner。At the same time，Adopt the policy of "governing by vulgarity"，Manage Mongolia Government Affairs in this way，Gradually established and improved the Alliance flag system。In the first year of Chongde (1636)，The Qing Dynasty set up 27 Zasak flags in Mongolia Mongolia，Refined to Nazabak Banner or Nakasak Mongolia。Seventh year of Kangxi (1668)，increase to 49 flags。Several Zasak flags formed an alliance，Finally, a governance pattern of the Qing Dynasty Kaisak Mongolia 49 Banner。

Guerros is a branch of the Nencorqin's parts，Tiancong has frequently exchanged with the post -golden years，After repeated participation, Jin's war against other departments of Mongolia and the Ming Dynasty。After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty，Gueros belongs to Zhelimu League，There are two Zasak flags。where，To set up Guerros Qianqi in Guomu，Stand in Guerbachang (now in the first Guerros Mongolian Autonomous County, Songyuan City, Jilin Province);，stationed in Hazelbuyling (now in Zhaodong City, Heilongjiang Province)。About the start time of the former flag of Guerros and the back flag，The Qing Dynasty documents are recorded in confusion and even self -conflict，There are many opinions in the historical circles，It is necessary to verify it。

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About the start time of the former flag of Guerros and the back flag，There are three main records in the official political books of the Qing Dynasty。a、The former flag is placed in the first year of Chongde，The rear flag is placed in the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648)。For example，"The Biography of the King's Biography of the Mongolian Back to the Ministry of Mongolia" (hereinafter referred to as the "Biography of the King")。2、The two flags are placed in the five years of Shunzhi。For example，Qianlong "Bet365 app download Qin Dai Qing Ceremony", "Dynasties Document Test"。3、The front flag was placed in the five years of Shunzhi，Houqi in the first year of Chongde。For example，Jiaqing "Daqing Ceremony Example"、Zhang Mu "Mongolian Nomad"。

The start time of today's people on the two flags of Guerros also has three perspectives。a、Niu Pinghan is "Comprehensive Form of the Qing Dynasty Political District" (China Map Press 1990 edition，p. 69)、Zhao Yuntian "The Mongolian Political and Education System of the Qing Dynasty" (China Book Company 1989 edition，p. 93) I think，Erqi is placed in the five years of Shunzhi。2、Daliza is "Mongolian History Outlet" (2006 edition of Central University for National University Press，page 195)、Editor -in -chief of Langnhua "The People's Republic of China Political District Ceremony · Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Volume" (China Social Press 2018 edition，pp. 728) I think，Erqi is placed in the first year of Chongde。3、Hu Richa and his life "History of Nencorqin" (2018 edition of the University of Inner Mongolia University Press，Page 207-210)、Fu Linxiang and Lin Juan and others are "The History of the Chinese Administrative Region and the History of the Qing Dynasty" (2017 edition of Fudan University Press，Page 620-621) I think，Guerros Qianqian Flag placed in the first year of Chongde，The post flag is placed in the five years of Shunzhi。This generates a phenomenon: about the start time of the two flags，There are two sayings: "The first year of Chongde" and "Five Years of Shunzhi"。Unfortunately，There is no explanation in today's research on Guerros、The reason for the start time of the two flags。

The author thinks after the test，The former flag of Guerros should be placed in the first year of Chongde; although the post flag has a thick scale in the first year of Chongde，But in the five years of Shunzhi, it was formally formed。Different translations of the Mongolian name in the Qing Dynasty due to the name of the Mongolian，This article uses the expression in "Biography of the Prince"。

　The flag of the Guerros department passes

Destiny years，Nencorqin's various ministrys have returned to the post -gold。Ten Years of Tiancong (1636) April，Mongolian Mongolia Sixteen Shops, Forty -nine Taiwan Ji Ji and Manchu Eight Banners, etc.，Together for the "Pogda Toru Khan" on the Emperor Taiji，Reform the country number "Qing"。In order to strengthen the management of the Mongolian Mongolian ministries，The Qing court began to bet365 live casino games implement the Zasak Banner System。Chongde Early Year，In the Qing court to recognize the merit of some Mongolian aristocrats，Give it to the world，and awarded the position of Zasak。At the same time，Sending Ashdar and some Mongolian Gate officials to Mongolia，and the Taiwan Auspicious Association，Check the household registration、Editing Cow Record，Gradually set Zasak Banner。Because it is closely related to the Qing Dynasty，Nencorqin Department is the first Mongolian tribe that started to compile the cow recording flag，Guerros, who belongs to Nencorqin, is also among them。

Three Years of Tiancong，Gu Mu in Guerros、Buda Baba is already the Agishidi of the Nencorqin Ministry (Temulbagan: "Research on the History of the History of the Fourth Emperor's Relations of Nencorqin and the Fifth Emperor of the Emperor of the Early Qing Dynasty"，Social Science Literature Publishing House 2020 Edition，Page 216-217)，Follow the Golden Army to fight Yizhou、Valka and other places，Story with war。The first year of Chongde，Nencorqin edited cow recording flag，Among them, 74 cattle records were compiled by the Gueros Department: 505 people in the jurisdiction of Gu Muqi，2050，compiled 41 cattle records; 518 people under the jurisdiction of Bumuba Banner，1700，Edited into 33 cattle records ("Manwen Old File"，Zhonghua Book Company 1990 edition，Page 1681-1682)。According to the record of the two flags in the "Biography of the Wang"，Chongde's first year Guomu was named the Fu Guogong，Hereditary replacement，Hereditary replacement，Bukuba Banner, which is almost the same as Gu Muqi，But has not been awarded the Duke of the Guo and Zaqa.。

The establishment of a Zasak Banner in the early Qing Dynasty was a gradual improvement process。Some scholars believe that "the establishment and implementation of the Zasak Banner system seems to be in the first year of Chongde" (Dalizaba: "The Draft of the History of the Ming and Qing Dynasties"，National Press 2003 edition，pp. 265)。Preparation of Bull Record、Divide nomadic land、Appointed Zasak and other Zasak flags，The Gueros Department has only one Zasak Banner in the first year of Chongde，Gumemu Banner。So，Guerros's front flag should start in the first year of Chongde，instead of Shunzhi five years。Guerros's post -flag has become a flag scale in the first year of Chongde，But Bumuba has not been appointed by the Qing court as Zasak。So，The kind of view that Guerros's back flag is placed in the first year of Chongde，bet365 Play online games There is something wrong。Shunzhi Five Years October 18，Bumuba was named Zhen Guogong (compiled by Hetu Rigu: "The Mongolian Archives of the Qing Inner Secretary School Mongolian Files"，Social Science Literature Press 2015 edition，page 139)，grant Zasak，Alternatively alternate ("Biography of the King" Volume 22)。So far，Bumuba Banner officially became a Zasak Banner。

　　There are confusion in historical records of the Qing Dynasty

The official document of the Qing Dynasty on the first flag owner of the former flag of Guerros，There are often confusion unknown。Gu Mu should be Zasak，However, the Qianlong Dynasty's "Example of the Daqing Society of the Qing Dynasty", "Dynasties Document Examination", and "Qin Daqing Qin Chu Chinzhi" all recorded that the flag was set in the five years of Shunzhi，The first Zasak is Gu Mu's younger brother Sangar Zhai。

Tiancong seven years，Sangarzhai follows Taiji Gu Mu、Bumuba and Polygin。The first year of Chongde，Gu Mu was named Zhack Fu Guogong，Hereditary replacement。Five years of Shunzhi，After the death of Gu Mu，According to the regulations, it should be inherited by his son Angha，Continue to control Zasak。But，Shunzhi 5th April 15th，The court issued the "Ancient Murus (Misptimum of Guomu -Cited Note) Disgainory，Give his brother Sang Ka Lili (the alternative translation of Sangarzhai -quotes) is the killing of the auxiliary country "(Headu Rigu compiled:" Qing inner secretary school Mongolian archives compilation of Han translation 》，pp. 135)。From this，The son of Gu Mu, Angha, failed to inherit the auxiliary father，Gu Mu's brother Sangarzhai becomes a former flag of Guorros。Shunzhi October 18th，Sangarzhai's illness，Emperor Shunzhi "Enjun's brother Angha inherited the Gong of the Auxiliary，Still hereditary replacement "(Headu Rigu compiled:" The translation of the Mongolian Archives of the Qing Inner Secretary School Mongolian File "，p. 160)。Although the specific reasons of Sanagard Zhai being Fengfu Guogong are unknown，But this long change makes future generations mistakenly believe that Sangarzhai is the first Zasak Fu Guogong for the flag。visible，Guerros's former flag started in the five years of Shunzhi，Obviously it is difficult to establish。

，The history of the Qing Dynasty also mistakenly carried the first Zhazak's first flag of Guerros as the Bumuba from Sun Bili Ezel (also translated Bi Li Ezel)。Jiaqing "Qin Dingqing Convention Code" contains: "Guerros former bet365 Play online games Banzabak began to sea，For Habutu Kazakh (Genghis Khan's brother，And translated Habutu Kazakh -Quotea)。After the flag Zasak originally sealed Bili Ezil，For Bumuba from Sun。"According to Jiaqing's" Daqing Meeting Code "and" Biography of the King "，26 years of Kangxi，Grandmart's grandson Mang Sai cuts duties with sin，With the brother of Bi Mi。47 years of Kangxi，His brother was stopped because of illness，Bi Mi Ran then took over before Qi Zasak。But，Sixty years of Qianlong (1795)，Gu Mu's direct descendants of the direct flag again。Jiaqing's "Qin Dingqing Ceremony" was compiled，Guerros former Banzask has actually returned to the A Fugong No. 1。So，Jiaqing's "Qin Dingqing Ceremony" is obviously incorrectly recorded，Guerros's front flag cannot be started in the 47th year of Kangxi。

　　The first flag master records upside down

The records of the Qing Dynasty literature on the 2nd flag of Guerros are very chaotic，This is also an important reason for the disorder of its start time。Records about the upside down of Erqi Banner，The earliest appeared in Jiaqing's "Qin Dingqing Code"，"The Gonggong of the Grandma of Dazaq after the Guerros ... All in the first year of Chongde ... The former Banzaak Town of Dazaca ...。Jiaqing's "Code of the Daqing Meeting" also contains: "The former flag of Guerros。Guogong, Zhazak Town。Five years of Shunzhi，Habutu Kazakh Eighteenth Gongbu Maba Shi Bai Jue，诏 诏 罔。"" Guerros Hou Ban。Zasak Fu Guogong。The first year of Chongde，Bi Mi Ezel Ezel Congzuku Shi Feng Jinjue，诏 诏 罔。"According to the above historical materials，Guerros Qianqian flag owner should be Bumuba，It was placed in Shunzhi for five years; and the post -flag owner was Gu Mu，Started in the first year of Chongde。The above literature will be completely reversed to the owner of the Erqi flag and the time of the sealing jue，also caused the upside -up time of the start time。

The official political book after the Jiaqing dynasty directly copied the previous document，No problem，As a result, the second flag records long -term chaos。The Literature of the Guangxu Chao Dynasty "The Daqing Convention Code" and "The Example of the Qing Dynasty Classic" are still mistaken for the presence of Wooden Town in Zaqaqa Town，Mistake Guerros Banner as the jurisdiction of Zasak Fu Guogu Mu。visible，Guerros's front flag was placed in the five years of Shunzhi、Bet365 app download Houqi began to be established in the first year of Chongde。This error records still exists in today's research，and affect far -reaching。I think there are two main reasons。

First，The title of Jue called the flag name is commonly used in the Qing Dynasty literature，instead of previous、Naming in the rear。In the official literature of the Qing Dynasty, "Guogong Banner Banner" or "Fu Guogong Banner" or "Taiji Banner" in the Qing Dynasty，Rarely appear "Qianqi" or "Hou Ban"。I checked the actual records of the Qing Dynasty and the Discovery of the Five Dynasties.，Dross of Gueros、The title of the post flag first appeared in the Qianlong Dynasty's "Daqing Society's Code"，and almost all concentrated in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904) to 34 years。Due to the use of Juejue as the flag name，"Huidian" writer is difficult to accurately identify before、The specific situation of the post two flags，Leading the record chaos。

Next，It may be affected by the "Biography of the King"。The narrative order of the princes of Mongolia's various ministries is arranged in accordance with the heights of the flagskita。Among them, the two flags of Guerros，Bumuba is a town of Zhaca Town，And Gu Mu is a supplement，But at this time Gu Mu did not serve as Zasak，For the prince of San San。Therefore, the order of the arrangement of the presence of Guerros is the Gonggong of Zasak Town、Za Ji first -class Taiwan、Another auxiliary country。Township Gong in the front，Easy to make the "Huidian" practicer think that the front flag is arranged in front，The latter flag behind。Therefore，Jiaqing's "Qin Dingqing Convention Code" has not only reversed the problem of the front and rear flags，and also write the back of the Banner, Writing Bi Mi Ezel。Bili Ezel succeeded in Zhasac，In the "Biography of the Biography", it is arranged behind the Guo Gong of Guorrose Town，The writer is mistaken for the first banner。Jiaqing's "Ding Daqing Ceremony" is just plagiarizing "Biography of the King"，and later Guangxu's "Dai Daqing Ceremony" is also completely due to the statement of the Jiaqing dynasty.，I only made a change in the writing of individual words，If "Zha" is changed to "Zha"，I did not take a detailed exam for its content，The error has always existed。

To sum up，Five years ago，Guerros has only one Zasak Banner，The first Zasak Fu Guogong is Gu Mu，Chongde was sealed in the first year。Bumuba flag has been set in the first year of Chongde，But the five years of Shunzhi was blocked as bet365 best casino games Zasak。Five years of Shunzhi，The Guerros Department is officially divided into front、Two Zhazak Banners。Dross of Gueros、Two flags in the Qianlong period have appeared in chaos in time for setting up flags，Jiaqing's official political book has reversed the two flag owners。Later literature is only recorded without checking，As a result, this problem has not been resolved for a long time。

In short,，Guerros's front flag and the back flag set in the five years of Shunzhi or the first year of Chongde，It is difficult to establish。Dested，Guerros's front flag was placed in the first year of Chongde，The post flag started in the five years of Shunzhi。

　(The author is a doctoral student in the Institute of Qing History of Renmin University of China)