Bukhara (called "Anguo" in Chinese historical materials) is one of the centers of Sogdia，Now part of Uzbekistan。"New Book of Tang" contains: "An Zhe，一曰Buhuo，Also called catching and drinking，The Yuan and Wei Dynasties call those who are shy。Northeast to Dong'an，Southwest to Bi，Everyone is a hundred miles away。Next to Wuhu River in the west，Government of Alami City，The hometown of Kangju Xiaojun, King Changyi。Big City Forty，There are more than a thousand small castles。”Bukhara is the crossroads of east-west transportation and north-south exchanges，The south is connected to the core area of ​​the Iranian Plateau，Bordering on the north with Khwarezm and nomadic areas，To the west up to the Amu Darya River，Other countries can enter China by heading east through Sogdia。Bukhara is a gathering place of different cultures，Whose bet365 premier league odds bear witness to Greece、Iran、Exchange and integration of Chinese and local cultural elements，Highlights the exchanges and integration of multi-ethnic groups in different periods of the Silk Road。

　Currency articles undergo a process of change

From a literature perspective，Official sources from ancient Persia provide important information about Sogdia as an eastern province，However, Bukhara and its surrounding areas during this period did not appear in documentary records。According to the records of classical writers such as Arrian and Justin，Alexander and his troops will mainly focus on the central and eastern areas of Sogdia，Did not reach Bukhara and its vicinity。The Seleucid dynasty occupied most of Alexander's empire in Asia，Early rulers such as Seleucus I and Antiochus I established cities by、Manage the local area through various methods such as inspecting the terrain and promoting Greek culture，But its jurisdiction is mainly concentrated in the central and eastern areas of Sogdia。To the Kingdom of Greece-Bactria，Especially during the Eutedemus and Eucratid dynasties，The scope of its rule continues to the east、Advance southward，It also does not involve Bukhara in the northwest。But，A large number of Greek-style pottery was discovered in Ramishtepe and Bukhara in the northwest of Bukhara，A hoard of Greco-Bactrian bet365 premier league odds discovered near Varakhsha, northwest of Bukhara，includes Theodotus、Otidemus、Agagras and other kings’ bet365 premier league odds，Among them, Eutidemus bet365 premier league odds became the earliest prototype of counterfeit bet365 premier league odds in Bukhara。The front of the coin is the king’s portrait，The back is the statue of Hercules sitting on the navel stone，Greek on both sides。Bukhara’s counterfeit bet365 premier league odds、The back is basically the same as the prototype，But the bet365 premier league odds have gone through a process of change from Greek monolingual bet365 premier league odds to Greek and Sogdian bilingual bet365 premier league odds to Sogdian monolingual bet365 premier league odds。

Around 130 BC to 1st century AD，Silkod bet365 premier league odds appeared in Bukhara，This is a Bukhara coin from the Yuezhi period。The Yuezhi bet365 premier league odds are mainly distributed in Bactria and eastern Iran、Termez、Kafir Nigam River、Sogdia and Surhan River area。There are two types of Shirkod bet365 premier league odds in Bukhara: one type of bet365 premier league odds has the king’s head on the front，The back is a bust on a horse，positive、Deformed Greek text appears on the back；Another type of coin has the king’s portrait on the front，On the back is a soldier holding a spear，positive、Deformed Greek letters appear on the back。The image of the king on these two bet365 premier league odds is very similar to the image of the king on the bet365 premier league odds of Kushan Heraos-Qiujiuche，The warrior statues and horse heads on the back are also consistent with the Chinese historical records of Bukhara (Anguo) such as "recruiting brave and strong people as Zhe Jie" and "also offering famous horses"。

　Reflecting the integration of bet365 premier league odds systems

4th century to the end of the 6th century，Bukhara became Sasanian Persia、The land that is contested by countries and ethnic groups such as Gida and Turks。5th century，Mawak bet365 premier league odds appeared in Bukhara。This is the first copper coin to appear in Bukhara。The obverse of this type of coin is the king’s portrait，The back is the fire altar，Surrounded by Sogdian，Above the fire altar is the statue of Ahura Mazda。Mid 5th century to 6th century，Asba bet365 premier league odds appeared in Bukhara，The front of the coin is the king’s portrait，The back is a fire altar composed of the Bukhara emblem and flame，Surrounded by Sogdian。Mid 6th century to 7th century，Ghatfal copper bet365 premier league odds appeared in Bukhara，The front is a bust of the king，On the left is the Bukhara emblem，Sogdian on the right，The back is a horse。There is still controversy in academic circles about the ownership and currency of this type of bet365 premier league odds，Sometimes it is also called the "Unknown King" coin，This type of coin is very rare。

The bet365 premier league odds of Bukhara influenced by Sasanian Persia are mainly "Bukhara Hudat bet365 premier league odds"，Based on the bet365 premier league odds of the wooden deer mint of the Sassanid Persian king Vahlan V。On the front of the prototype coin is the head of the king wearing a bun, star and moon crown，On the back is the fire altar and two priests，Above is the statue of Ahura Mazda。The earliest Bukhara Hudat bet365 premier league odds were stamped with the Bukhara emblem on the prototype bet365 premier league odds。“Bukhara Hudat bet365 premier league odds” have existed for a long time，Around 709 was a turning point。Due to Arab rule，The currency text has changed，From the early days there were only monolingual bet365 premier league odds in Sogdian，Evolved into a bilingual coin in Sogdian and Arabic，Only Arabic monolingual bet365 premier league odds until the end。

The Tang Dynasty implemented the Jisizhou system in Sogdia，The Parthian state was established in Bukhara。Since then，The politics of Sogdia, including Bukhara, and the Tang Dynasty、Exchanges in economic and cultural aspects have been strengthened。The "New Book of Tang" records: "An Zhe...Wude Shi，Sending envoys to the DPRK。The beginning of Zhenguan，Offering gifts，Taizong Houwei said to his envoy: 'The Western Turks have surrendered，Business travel is possible。’”Wude four years (621)，Tang Gaozu began to cast "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money，This became the prototype of Bukhara Chinese counterfeit bet365 premier league odds。The front of the counterfeit coin is "Kaiyuan Tongbao"，The emblem of Bukhara is on the back。Chinese-style counterfeit bet365 premier league odds continued until the early 8th century。

In general，Greek-style bet365 premier league odds in ancient Bukhara、Sasanian Persian bet365 premier league odds、Chinese "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coin is the prototype，Carry out large-scale coinage activities，Mainly includes counterfeit bet365 premier league odds of Otidemus、Hilcordes Coin、Sasanian Persian counterfeit bet365 premier league odds and Chinese counterfeit bet365 premier league odds and other stages，The shape and characteristics of the bet365 premier league odds reflect the integration of the two major coinage systems of the East and the West in Bukhara。

　Reflecting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations

With the development and prosperity of silk trade in Asia and Europe，The bet365 premier league odds area has become an important hub connecting the East and the West。Contained in "Sui Shu Biography of Pei Ju"，“From Dunhuang，As for the West Sea，Everything is three ways，Each one has his own lapel”，The Middle Road passes through the Sogdian region including bet365 premier league odds。Specifically，"The Middle Road from Gaochang，Yanqi，Qiuci，Shule，Ducongling，Jing Cymbal Khan，Su Dusana Kingdom，Kang Guo，Cao Guo，He Guo，Big、小安国，Mu Guo，To Persia，Arrived in the West Sea”。

"Historical Records: Biography of Dawan"，“From the west of Dawan to Anxi”，The country is quite idiosyncratic，The common custom，Words of mutual understanding。Everyone has deep eyes，bearded，Shanshi Jia，Competing for baht”。This historical material is often used to emphasize the commercial nature of the Sogdian nation，But it does not clearly state what kind of bet365 premier league odds are in circulation。According to the "Book of Envoys of King Kangju" in the Han Slips of Xuanquan，“King Kangju’s envoy Yang Bo Dao、Deputy Biantian，King Su Xie’s envoy Gu Mo、The deputy Shajie is the noble man who hides and waits，They all kowtowed and said to themselves: The first few offered sacrifices to the king，Enter Dunhuang Pass...to Jiuquan，Jiuquan Chief Shou alone and the petty official，Yang Bo Dao and others cannot see the Tuo they presented。Gu Mo offers a white peony to the king，Two females，Thought it was pornographic。And Yang Bodao and others presented Tuo，Everyone is fat，Thought I was thin。Not true，Injustice。”This slip reflects events in 39 BC，"Su Xie" refers to the thirsty stone in southern Sogdia (Shiguo)，But the Han bamboo slips do not mention local bet365 premier league odds。The ancient Sogdian letters found in the beacon ruins of the Great Wall west of Dunhuang reproduce the trade exchanges between Sogdiana and China in the early 4th century，The letter mentioned many times that Stat was used。The Kang Kingdom involved in the "Sogdian Contract for Purchasing a Maid" unearthed from the Tang Tomb in Turpan in 639、Shi Guo、Cao Guo、The United States and He Country，All belong to the Sogdian region，The Belus drachma bet365 premier league odds of the Sasanian Persian Dynasty were used at that time。According to Chinese historical records，Bukhara and Sasanian Persia、Kang Guo、Shi Guo、Bi Guo、USA、Shi Guo、He country and other Sogdian countries，We once paid tribute to China。They did not use local bet365 premier league odds in their international trade on the Silk Road，But the popular Sasanian Persian silver bet365 premier league odds may be bartered，Sogdian bet365 premier league odds, including Bukhara bet365 premier league odds, are mainly circulated in and around the area where they were issued。

In terms of the cultural characteristics of Bukhara bet365 premier league odds，The Euthydemus bet365 premier league odds of the Greco-Bactrian dynasty are the origin of the Bukhara coinage system，Mainly made，The currency value is four drachmas、Dracma、Half drachma and other Attic standards，The king’s head is on the front，The back is the statue of Hercules。This is a manifestation of the influence of Hellenistic culture in early Bukhara。From the 5th century onwards，Sogdian script commonly appears on bet365 premier league odds、Bukhara emblem，These are local cultural elements related to Bukhara。The round square hole bet365 premier league odds that appeared in the 7th century were Bukhara’s imitation of the Chinese coin system，Reflects the influence of Chinese culture on Bukhara。From the perspective of the evolution of coin types，The changes in different currency scripts or the coexistence with Sogdian script reflect the political and historical evolution of Bukhara，It is the result of interactions between Bukhara and different countries and ethnic groups。

In addition，Pekent (Bi State) located in the Bukhara Oasis also has local bet365 premier league odds，The earliest bet365 premier league odds discovered so far are Chinese counterfeit bet365 premier league odds。In Pei Kent’s Chinese Counterfeit bet365 premier league odds，The Bukhara emblem appears in both styles、Sogdian and the character "十"，The difference is that one of the bet365 premier league odds has the word "Yuan" on the front，The time is 640-709 years。Compare with Bukhara bet365 premier league odds of this period，Pekent bet365 premier league odds also use the round square hole style，Bukhara emblem and Sogdian script appear in both of them。This is the numismatic expression of Bukhara and Pekent being influenced by Chinese culture，It also reflects Bukhara’s influence on surrounding areas，Thus formed the Western Sogdian coin system centered on Bukhara。

　　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund project "Collation and Research of Ancient Sogdian bet365 premier league odds from the Perspective of Civilization Blending" (21BSS050)

(The author is a professor at the School of International Cultural Exchange, Hebei Normal University)