Buhara (Hanwen History is called "An Guo") is one of the centers of Soga，Today belongs to Uzbekistan。"New Tang Book" contains: "Anyone，One said cloth，Catching and drinking again，Yuan Wei means 忸 忸。Northeast to Dong'an，All Baili，All Baili。West West Bond the Wushu River，Governing Ah Town City，Kangju Xiaojun Changye's hometown。Dasheng forty，More than a thousand castles。"Buhara is the crossroads of east -west traffic and north and south interactions，Connection of the core area of ​​the Plateau in the South，Break from the north with Huayu Zimo and Nomadic areas，Xiangxi River，East of the sans to the east can enter China。Buhara is the place of gathering of different cultures，Its coins witnessed Greece、Iran、The communication and fusion of cultural elements such as China and the local area，Demonstrate the interaction and exchanges of multi -ethnic groups in the Silk Road during different periods of the Silk Road。

　bet365 live casino games

From the perspective of literature，The official information of Gutos provides Sogt as an important information for Oriental provinces，But in this period of Buhara and its surrounding areas did not appear in the literature records。According to the records of classical writers such as Ali An and Chashidin，Alexander and its ministry will mainly concentrate in the scope of Saute's activities in the central and eastern area，I did not arrive at Buhara and it nearby。The Cyanu ancient dynasty occupied most of the territory of Alexander Empire in Asia，Early rulers such as Syluma No. 1 and Anjo I have established Bet365 app download a city through the establishment of a city、Examine the terrain and the implementation of Greek culture and other ways to manage the local，But its region is mainly concentrated in the central and eastern parts of Saute。and the kingdom of King Greece，Especially in the Eurded Musk dynasty and the Oklatid dynasty，The scope of its rule continues to east、Promote south，Buhara, which does not involve the northwest direction。but，A large number of Greek pottery was found locally in Ramishgepepe and Buhara northwest of Buhara，The Greek -Bucktria dynasty coin cellar was found near Varahusha northwest of Buhara，Including Dowotos、Bald Musam、Agames and other king coins，Among them, the earliest imitation coin prototype of Blade became Buhara。The front of the coin is the king's avatar，The back is the portrait of the Hercules sitting on the umbilical stone，The left and right sides are Greek。Bukhara's imitation coin、The back and prototype are basically the same，But the currency text has gone through the change process from Greek single -language currency to Greek and Sogdic bilingual currency to Sogdin's single -language currency。

From 130 BC to around the 1st century AD，Bukhara appeared at Hill Curid Coin，This is the Bohara coin of the Dayue family。The coins of the Dayue family are mainly distributed in Barkrtia and Eastern Iran、Bitmez、Kafiri Ganhe、Saute and Surhan River area。Bukhara's Hilkd Coin: There are two types of coins: the front of a category of coins is the king's avatar，The back of the horse is the front half of the horse，Zheng、Deformation Greek appears on the back; the front of the other type of coin is the avatar of the king，Back is a soldier holding a spear，Zheng、Deformation Greek letters appear on the back。The image of the king of these two Bet365 app download coins is very similar to the king image of the king on the coin of Guishuang Helars，The statue of the back of the back and the head of the horse also comes with the Chinese historical data to the "Raiders of the Anthology" and "Make a Famous Horse" in Bohara (Angan).。

　Reflecting the blending of the two major mint systems

4th century to the end of the 6th century，Bukhara has become Sassas Persia、The place of competition for countries and nations such as Turks and Turks。5th Century，Bukhara appeared in Movak coins。This is the first copper coin in the Buhara area。The front of this type of coin is the avatar of the king，The back of the fire is the altar of sacrifice，Surrounded by Su Special，Above the festival is the statue of Ahura Mazda。mid -5th century to 6th century，Bukhara appeared as Asba coin，The front of the coin is the avatar of the king，The back is the fire altar composed of Buhara emblems and flames，Surrounded by Su Special。mid -6th century to 7th century，Buhara appeared Gartfal's copper coin，The front of the king is half -body，On the left is Buhara emblem，The right side is Su Special，The back is a horse。At present, there is still controversy in the belonging of this type of coins in the academic circles，Sometimes it is also called the "Anonymous King" coin，The number of such coins is very scarce。

The coins influenced by Buhara are mainly influenced by Sassas Persia are mainly "Bohara Hudart Coin"，Taking the coin of the King of Sasan Persian Wakhran Valley Valley Mint as the prototype。The front of the prototype coin is the king avatar wearing a ball of starry and moon crown，Back is the fire altar and two priests，Above is the statue of Ahura Mazda。The earliest Buhara Hula Dart coin was stamped on the prototype coin。"Bukhara Hudart Coin" is relatively long for existence，About 709 is bet365 live casino games a turning point。Due to the rule of Arabiars，Monthful texts have changed，From the early days, there are only Sutewen monoccular currencies，evolved into Sogdwin and Arabic bilingual currency，Until the end, there is only Arabic monoclonal currency。

The Tang Dynasty promoted the system in Soga，Anxizhou in Buhara。Since then，Sugut and Tang Dynasty, including Bukhara、Economic and cultural exchanges have been strengthened。"New Tang Book" contains: "Anno ... Wude Shi，Sending envoys into the DPRK。Zhenguanchu，Dedication，Taizong Houwei said: ‘Western Turkic has dropped，Business travel is feasible。'"Wude four years (621)，Tang Gaozu began to cast "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money，This becomes the prototype of Buhara Chinese -style imitation coin。The front of the imitation coin is "Kaiyuan Tongbao"，The back is the Bhara Embassy。Chinese -style imitation coins continued until the beginning of the 8th century。

Generally speaking，Ancient Buhara with Greek coins、Sasan Persian coin、China's "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coin is a prototype，Large -scale coin activities，It mainly includes Bald Musus imitation mint、Hill Cordis Coin、Sasan Persian imitation coin and Chinese imitation coin，The shape and characteristics of the coin reflect the blend of the two major mints in the East and the West in Bukhara。

　Reflecting civilized communication and mutual learning

With the development and prosperity of the Silk trade of the Asian and European continent，Bukhara Belt has become an important hub connecting East and West。"Sui Shu · Pei Ru Chuan"，"From Dunhuang，As for West Sea，All three ways，Each has a gifted belt "，Middle Road via Sogo area, including Buhara。Specifically，"The middle path is from Gaochang，焉，Guizi，Shule，Du Shaoling，Jingye Khan，Su Pashaguo，bet365 live casino games Kangguo，Cao Guo，He Guo，Big、Xiao'an Guo，Mu Guo，To Persia，reach the West Sea。

"Historical Records of Da Wan Biography"，"From the west to peace，Although the country is quite unique，Ran Datong，Knowing words。Everyone is deep，Duo Xubi，Good City Jia，Struggle for baht "。This historical material is often used to emphasize the commerciality of the Sute nation，But there is no clear explanation of what kind of coins circulating。Based on the "Kangju King Menmeter Book" in the Hangquan Han Jian，"Kangju King Yang Bo Dao、Vice flat，Su Shi Wang Mengmeng、Deputy Sandy is the noble people to be hidden，All scratching myself: The previous number is Wang Dan，Enter Dunhuang Pass ... to Jiuquan，Jiuquan Shou Du Ding and Xiaodu Zhi Anima，Yang Bodao, etc.。Aunt Mo is Wang Xian Bai Mu 橐，牝，I thought yellow。and Yang Bo Dao and other offerings，All fat，I think it's thin。Not as good as true，Unjust。"This brief reflects the incident in 39 BC，"Su Shi" refers to the thirst stone (historic)，But the Han Jian did not involve local coins。It was discovered that Gu Su special letter in the Great Wall of Dunhuang's Great Wall reappeared the trade between Sau Te and China at the beginning of the 4th century，The letter is mentioned many times in the letter.。Kang Guo, 639 "Sogdwin Buy Lake" unearthed from Turpan Tang Tomb、Shi Guo、Cao Guo、Mi Guo and He Guo，All belong to the Saute area，At that time, the Burstrak horse coin in the Sasan Persian dynasty。According to Han Literary History Materials，Bukhara and Sashan Persia、Kangguo、Shiguo、Bi Guo、Mi Guo、Shi Guo、He Guo and other Sosu countries，I used to pay tribute to China。Their use in international trade on the Silk Road is not a local coin，Instead of prevalent Sasan Persian bet365 live casino games silver coins, or adopt objects of objects，Sute coins, including Buhara coins, are mainly circulated in the area and its peripherals.。

As far as the cultural characteristics of Buhara coins are concerned，Greek -Barktria's Eurd Musk coin is the origin of the Bohara coin system，Mainly controlling，The value of the currency is four Delakma、Dracma、Ban Drackma and other Attika standards，The front is the avatar of the king，The back is the portrait of Hehachacaleus。This is a manifestation of the early Bohara's influence of Greek culture。From the 5th century，Sau special texts are generally appeared on the coins、Buhara emblem，These are all local cultural elements related to Buhara。The round square coins that appeared in the 7th century are a kind of follow -up of Buhara's Chinese coin system，Reflecting the impact of Chinese culture on Buhara。From the perspective of the type of coin type，Changes in different currencies or coexistence with Sogdwin reflects Buhara's political historical evolution，It is the result of the interaction between Bukhara interacts with different countries and nations。

other，Pekenle (Bi Guo), located in Bukhara Oasis, also has local coins，The earliest coin found in the current age is Chinese -style imitation coins。In Peken's Chinese -style imitation coin，Both styles have appeared in the Buhara emblem、Sogdwin and "Ten" characters，The difference is that one of the coins appear "Yuan"，time is 640-709 years。Compared with the Buhara coin in this period，Pekenter coin also uses a circular square hole style，Both the Bhara emblem and the Sau special text appeared。This is both the coin learning performance that Bohara and Peken are influenced by Chinese culture，It also reflects the influence of Buhara on the surroundings，This has formed a West Sugo coin system centered on Buhara。

　　(This article is the "Organization and Research on Ancient Sog Coins in Civilization Fusion" (21BSS050) phased achievement)

(The author is a professor at the School of International Cultural Exchange, Hebei Normal University)