How to explain Marx's concept of justice is the theoretical problem that the academic community is currently concerned about。For Marx，Justice is not an abstract law independent of the material production method，Instead of social reality in human material life，This view is fully comprehensive in the critical context of the Political Economics of Capital and its manuscripts、Deep explanation。The analysis of the "material facts" of capitalist "material facts"，Not only reveals the contradiction between capital and labor dependence on each other and dependence on each other，and exposed the substantial injustice behind the form of justice exchanges，This has achieved the concept of justice from "labor value theory" to "surplus value theory"、From "distribution method" to "production method"、The major ideological revolution from "theoretical justice" to "practical justice"。

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The proposal of the general concept of classical political economy labor opens a new vision for re -release of modern social justice issues。Since labor is the source of modern social wealth，So the issues contained in the process of wealth distribution will inevitably follow the workers and their labor products。But，Modern society wealth production led by capitalist production methods，The essence is the employment labor of capital logic control under the abstract rule of value form。Generally looking at，The exchange of employment labor and capital is in line with the principle of equivalent exchange of general commodities，Follow the principle of justice。But，Marx Political Bet365 app download Economics Criticism is pointed out in the overall consciousness of the law of capital logic，The exchange of employment labor and currency capital is only in line with the principle of justice in the field of simple circulation。From the general point of view of the law of capital logic，The commercialization of labor will not stay in the starting link of simple exchange，Instead, it is necessary to enter the use of labor products, that is, value production link，in order to produce additional "surplus value" for capitalists。In the production system of "surplus value"，The special unfairness of the relationship between the workers is not the relationship between the relationship between things and things，but the general unfairness of the relationship between people。Because the commodity of labor promotes the growth of social wealth, it means that exploitation and the social power of the rule of workers，The more "surplus value" created by workers in the value production link，The power of the capital of exploitation and rulers, the greater the power of the workers，So labor and capital、The freedom equality between workers and capitalists in the simple exchange link will inevitably be exposed by the exploitation and exploitation of the production link。Therefore，It is the use of value production in the use of labor products，"Remaining Value" is revealed as a negative element of fairness and justice exchange，As a result, justice and illusion of capital and labor have disappeared。

Marx Political Economics Criticism analyzes the contradiction between labor and capital in different links under the general perspective of dialectics，The logical starting point of inspecting the production method of capitalist production to "surplus value theory"，Therefore, the illusion Bet365 lotto review of labor and capital exchange is eliminated，Demo the essence of the non -righteousness of exploitation between capitalists and workers，Completed the perspective revolution from "labor value theory" to "surplus value theory"。

　　The Domain Revolution of the Existence of Philosophy and "Production Methods"

From the change of the focus of political economy theory from "labor value theory" to "surplus value theory"，Marx's view of justice jumped out of the narrow vision of whether the workers and their labor products have been fairly distributed and transferred the vision of justice to the capitalist production method supported by the production and reproduction of "surplus value"。

Marx Political Economics Criticism The overall analysis of capitalist production methods shows，Analysis of the question of via the capitalist society through "surplus value"，Not at the level of distribution, entanglement Bet365 lotto review of labor and capital exchanges whether to follow the principle of equivalent exchange，Instead of exposing the inherent contradictions of capitalist economic life and its values ​​at the production method level。The thinking of this view of justice deepen the inherent contradictions of the capitalist production method itself，The prerequisite for separating the capital production by analyzing the capital production by analyzing the labor and owners and the production materials，So as to refuse any legal or moral principles that leave any legal power or morality of the material production relationship，Not only the capitalist distribution justice supported by the concept of labor，In the sense of "surplus value" as a possible power mechanism that promotes capital production，The domain that discusses justice shifts from the "distribution method" to the "production method"，Is the criticism of the "material facts" foundation Bet365 app download that is treated equally by the labor value of the worker to the "material facts" foundation that has occurred to modern society。

The reason why the production method is used as the basic theory of justice is possible，It is because the production method is not just a material production form in the economic sense，The principles of interpretation principles that understand the laws of human society's historical development and essence。The production method for Marx is not an empirical economics category，Instead, it is a category of the existence of philosophy。Production method is not only a way to prove the facts of the existence，It is also a way that humans confirm their own value。The production method should not only be inspected in this aspect of the reproduction of the individual's physical existence，It is a certain way of activity for these individuals to a greater extent，It is a certain way they show their lives。The production method is both a prerequisite for the existence of human facts in human production materials，The implementation of the human lifestyle confirmed that the existence of human beings at the stage of specific social history。

The philosophical existence of the concept of Marx production method，Determined to investigate justice based on the production method is the fundamental transcendence of discussing justice on the level of all levels.。Convert the discussion of justice to the production method，also transforms justice from a narrow political philosophy concept that pays attention to "what people should get" to the broad political philosophy concept of "how people should live"。It is in this sense，Marx pointed out: The justice of trading behavior cannot be judged by the abstract form of the country and the law，It should be inspected in the production mode where the trading behavior Bet365 lotto review is located，Any kind of transaction behavior only needs to be compatible with the production method、Consistency，is justice; as long as it is contradictory with the production method，is not justice。

　　The morphological revolution of practical philosophy and "practical justice"

In the history of Western political philosophy，Although justice is a practical philosophy concept different from metaphysics，But just as the concept of practical philosophy is mainly understood in the thinking mode of practical rationality。Plato's "Justice Concept"、"Masterpiece" of Aristotle、Hobbes and Locke's "legal power" positioning of justice in the sense of "natural law" and Rousseau's "public meaning"，All consciously and unconsciously emphasize that justice is the logic first in the rational design of the corresponding social reality，Expecting righteous city -state and justice that first needs to make a rational design and plan for justice itself。

In this practical and rational thinking mode，Justice is shaped into an abstract concept of real -social relationships independent of human beings，Ideas of alienation with human reality，and this seems to the spiritual essence of justice as the spirit of justice as a practical philosophy。Different，Marx's political and economics criticism promotes the domain of justice from the "distribution method" to the "production method"，That is, the law and moral concept of justice from a human reality and real life，Settlement is a social ethics concept of the inner resonance of human material production and its shaped social relationship，The norms of justice also from abstract legal and moral norms to a specific overall social ethics specification。

Because justice is the concept of practice，So understanding of justice Bet365 app download cannot be separated from reality and practical activities，And realistic people and practical activities are reflected in the production method formed in the process of creating their own material living materials。Therefore，The issue of justice in the production method as the product of human perceptual practical activities not only premise with the theoretical speculation of practical reason，And any theoretical speculation and the concept of justice they created can find the root cause of their generated activities。Marx's production method rather than distribution method as a domain of justice，That is to refuse any kind of justice's rationalism priority design，Instead, just regard justice as a practical concept and restores its inherent practical connotation in the activity of people in reality。

The attention of the real life of Marx，Justice is not a theoretical concept that guides and shapes the logic of social reality first，Instead of practical concepts of people embedded in reality and their production methods。Domestic innovation from the problem of "what is justice" to "how to realize justice"，Marx's promoting justice's transportation mechanism from the fundamental transformation from theoretical philosophy to practical philosophy，Realized the change of justice from "theoretical justice" to "practical justice"。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund's general project "Capital Contextual Context of Marx Political Philosophy Theory Construction Research" (20BZX002)、Jiangsu University Philosophy and Social Science Research Major Project "Research on Marx Political Philosophy in Political Economy Context" (2020sjzda007) phased results)

(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy at the School of Humanities of Southeast University)