How to interpret Marx’s concept of bet365 voucher is a theoretical issue of common concern in current academic circles。For Marx，bet365 voucher is not an abstract right independent of material production methods，It is the social reality inherent in human material life，This view is fully developed in the context of the political economy critique of Capital and its manuscripts、A profound analysis。An analysis of the “material facts” of capitalism by Marx’s critique of political economy，Not only reveals the contradictory relationship between capital and labor that depends on each other but also negates each other，It also reveals the substantive injustice behind the formal bet365 voucher of labor-capital exchange，Thus realizing the transition of the concept of bet365 voucher from "labor theory of value" to "surplus value theory"、From "distribution method" to "production method"、A major ideological revolution from “theoretical bet365 voucher” to “practical bet365 voucher”。

　　Total perspective and the perspective revolution of “surplus value theory”

The proposal of the general concept of labor in classical political economics has opened up a new horizon for reinterpreting the issues of modern social bet365 voucher。Since labor is the source of wealth in modern society，Then the bet365 voucher issues contained in the process of wealth distribution must revolve around workers and their labor products。However，The production of wealth in modern society dominated by the capitalist mode of production，The essence is that wage labor controlled by the logic of capital is completed under the abstract rule of the value form。Generally speaking，The exchange of wage labor and capital complies with the principle of equivalent exchange of general commodities，In line with the principles of bet365 voucher。However，Marx’s critique of political economy pointed out in the overall awareness of the laws of the logic of capital，The exchange of wage labor and money capital only complies with the principle of bet365 voucher of freedom and equality in the field of simple circulation。From the overall perspective of the operating rules of capital logic，The commodification of labor will not stop at the initial stage of simple exchange，But it must enter the use of labor commodities, that is, the value production link，In order to produce additional "surplus value" for capitalists。In the production system of "surplus value"，What workers suffer is not a special injustice at the level of the relationship between things，It is a general injustice in the relationship between people。Because the commodification of labor force increases social wealth and means the increase of social power to exploit and dominate workers，The more “surplus value” workers create in the value production process，The greater the power of capital to exploit and dominate workers，Thus labor and capital、The free and equal relationship between workers and capitalists in the simple exchange link will inevitably be exposed by the relationship between exploitation and exploitation in the production link。Therefore，It is in the use of labor commodity that the value is produced，“Surplus value” is revealed as a negative element of fair and just exchange，Thus the illusion of bet365 voucher in the relationship between capital and labor in the field of simple circulation disappears。

Marx’s Critique of Political Economy analyzes the contradictory relationship between labor and capital in different links from the perspective of dialectical totality，Change the logical starting point for examining the capitalist mode of production to the "theory of surplus value"，Thus dispelling the illusion that the exchange of labor and capital conforms to the principle of bet365 voucher，Revealing the unjust nature of the relationship between capitalists and workers，Completed the revolution in perspective from "labor theory of value" to "surplus value theory"。

　　Philosophical ontology and the domain revolution of “mode of bet365 voucher”

The change in the theoretical focus of political economics from "labor theory of value" to "surplus value theory" shows，Marx’s concept of bet365 voucher jumps out of the narrow perspective of focusing on whether workers and their labor products are fairly distributed, and shifts the perspective of discussing bet365 voucher to the capitalist mode of production supported by the production and reproduction of “surplus value”。

The overall analysis of the capitalist mode of production by Marx’s critique of political economics，Analysis of bet365 voucher issues in capitalist society through "surplus value"，It is not about whether the exchange of labor and capital follows the principle of equal exchange at the level of distribution method，Rather, it exposes the inherent contradiction between capitalist economic life and its values ​​at the level of production methods。This approach to the concept of bet365 voucher goes deep into the inherent contradictions of the capitalist mode of production itself in a dialectical way of thinking，By analyzing the separation of labor and ownership and the separation of workers and the means of production, which is the prerequisite for capital production，Thereby refusing to suspend any legal or moral principles that are divorced from actual material production relations，Not only disintegrates the capitalist distribution bet365 voucher supported by the general concept of labor，And in the sense of “surplus value” as the dynamic mechanism that makes capital production possible，Change the discussion field of bet365 voucher from "distribution mode" to "production mode"，That is, shifting from whether workers’ labor value is treated equally to the criticism of the “material facts” underlying issues of distributive bet365 voucher in modern society。

The reason why it is possible to use the mode of production as the basic domain of discussion to examine issues of bet365 voucher，Because for Marx, the mode of production is not just a material form of production in the real economic sense，It also constitutes the explanatory principle for understanding the laws and nature of the historical development of human society。The mode of production is not an empirical economic category for Marx，It is an overall philosophical ontological category。The mode of production is the factual way for people to confirm existence，It is also the way for human beings to confirm the value of their own existence。The mode of production should not be examined solely in the sense that it is the reproduction of individual physical existence，To a greater extent, it is a certain way of activity of these individuals，It is a certain way they express their life。The mode of production, as the way for human beings to produce material means of life, constitutes the prerequisite for the factual existence of human beings，As a form of realization of human lifestyle, it confirms the existential situation of human beings in a specific social and historical stage。

The philosophical ontological implications of Marx’s concept of mode of production，Determined to examine bet365 voucher based on the mode of production is a fundamental transcendence of discussing bet365 voucher issues from the level of distributive bet365 voucher。Transfer the domain of discussion of bet365 voucher to the mode of production，This also transforms bet365 voucher from a narrow political philosophy concept that focuses on "what people should get" to a broad political philosophy concept that focuses on "how people should live"。It is in this sense，Marx pointed out: The bet365 voucher of transaction behavior cannot be judged by the abstract form of the state and law，But we should go deep into the production mode of transaction behavior to examine，Any kind of trading behavior as long as it is compatible with the production method、Consistent，It is just；As long as it contradicts the production method，It’s unjust。

　　Practical philosophy and the morphological revolution of “practical bet365 voucher”

In the history of Western political philosophy，Although bet365 voucher is a practical philosophical concept different from metaphysical objects，But bet365 voucher as a practical philosophical concept is mainly understood in the mode of thinking of practical reason。Plato’s “idea of ​​bet365 voucher”、Aristotle’s “Summit Good”、Hobbes and Locke’s positioning of “rights” of bet365 voucher in the sense of “natural law” and Rousseau’s “general will”，Both consciously or unconsciously emphasize that bet365 voucher is a rational design in which logic precedes the corresponding social reality，To hope for a just city-state and a just society, we first need to make rational designs and plans for bet365 voucher itself。

In this practical rational thinking mode，bet365 voucher is shaped into an abstract concept that is independent of people’s real social relationships，Becoming an ideology alienated from human reality，In Marx’s view, this deviates from the spiritual essence of bet365 voucher as a practical philosophical concept。Different from it，Marx’s criticism of political economy promotes the shift of the domain of bet365 voucher from “distribution mode” to “production mode”，That is, bet365 voucher is transformed from a legal and moral concept that is external to people’s actual existence and real life，Settled into a social ethical concept that resonates intrinsically with people’s material production activities and the social relationships they shape，The normative form of bet365 voucher has also settled from abstract legal rights and moral norms to concrete overall social ethics norms。

Precisely because bet365 voucher is a practical concept，So the understanding of bet365 voucher cannot be separated from real people and their practical activities，Real people and their practical activities are reflected in the production methods formed in the process of people creating their own material means of life。Therefore，As a product of human perceptual practical activities, the issue of bet365 voucher in the mode of production is not premised on the theoretical speculation of practical reason，And any theoretical speculation and the concept of bet365 voucher created can find its origin in people’s perceptual practical activities。Marx regarded the mode of production rather than the mode of distribution as the domain of discussion of bet365 voucher，That is, rejecting any kind of rationalistic transcendental design of bet365 voucher，But regard bet365 voucher as a practical concept and restore its inherent practical connotation in real human activities。

Marx’s criticism of political economy pays attention to the real-life basis of the concept of bet365 voucher.，bet365 voucher is not a theoretical concept that logic preemptively guides and shapes the development logic of social reality，It is a practical concept embedded in the reality of people and their methods of production。Through the ideological focus from "what is bet365 voucher" to "how to realize bet365 voucher", the problem domain innovation，Marx promoted the fundamental transformation of the thinking mechanism of bet365 voucher from theoretical philosophy to practical philosophy，Realized the transformation of the form of bet365 voucher from "theoretical bet365 voucher" to "practical bet365 voucher"。

　　(This article is part of the National Social Science Fund General Project “Research on the Construction of Marx’s Political Philosophy Theory bet365 voucher Context of Capital” (20BZX002)、Phase results of the major project of philosophy and social science research in Jiangsu universities “Research on Marx’s Political Philosophy bet365 voucher Context of Political Economics” (2020SJZDA007)

(Author’s unit: Department of Philosophy, School of Humanities, Southeast University)