Marx seems to lack interest in educational issues，In his vast manuscript，Discussion on education is only sporadic fragments。This "negative" attitude should be the famous criticism when he established the "new world view": "The theory of materialism that changes the role of environment and education has forgotten: the environment is changed by people，Educator himself must be educated。Therefore，This doctrine will inevitably divide the society into two parts，Some of which are above society。"" But，For a leader of a conscience socialist and worker movement，Education issues are unavoidable。It is in the relevant manuscripts of "Capital" and the first international work documents at the same time，Marx revealed his new view of education。Only carefully think of the appreciation and rejection of Marx's appreciation，We can find the proper path that Marx reveals modern people from education to find people's liberation。

　　bet365 live casino games

The revealing of the status of children's workers is the most "shade" part of "Capital"，It also makes this political and economic research work a literature that expresses the concept of Marx education。Report from the factory inspector and the child labor investigation committee in Marx，Those paragraphs that make people unbearable fully demonstrate the terrible alienation: bet365 best casino games Machine production does not reduce the burden on people but makes people more laborious，The filling of the material is at the price of people's barren。But，Different from the vulgar humanitarian and socialists requests the abolition of children's workers，Marx's attitude is actually "reserved"，He scolds the destruction of children's body and intelligence，However, it has repeatedly affirmed the necessity and importance of production for children's education。"Critical Criticism" reiterated this idea: "It is generally prohibited from the existence of children's labor with the same incompatibility，So this is the empty and devout wish。”

You can understand this proposition from four aspects。One，Practical transformation of reflection theory of epistemology。The traditional educational model based on cognitive behaviors is actually based on reflecting the theory of philosophy，It sets a priority、Pure、Static cognitive object，Education is a process that projects the world into the whiteboard -like mind to form an impression and concept。But materialism repeatedly indicates，The world is essentially human activity itself，People get the consciousness of the world in the practical activity of changing the world。In the era of capitalist production，Practice first or even the final manifestations as industrial production。Unable to get the truth from industrial production。Its two，Production labor is an inevitable way for people's freedom and comprehensive Bet365 lotto review development。Human freedom development specifically manifested in the 19th century as opposition to eliminate physical labor and brain labor。Even if the British factory law was only forced to concession in order to obtain better workers，But the primary education is identified as the compulsory condition of the labor of child labor，It still proves the possibility of combining intellectual education and sports with physical labor，The forced labor of children's workers has become an immoral but beneficial opportunity for those who have developed comprehensive development。Marx and even agrees，Children of the proletariat can get more happiness than those who are sitting in the school。Three，It must be distinguished from the application of the machine's large production and the capitalist application of the machine。It is not the production of machines that lead to lack of intelligence and body abnormalities for children，but capitalist production。Machine production is a manifestation of human essential force，Only the chase of the capitalism of the surplus value has spawned the technology -free child -free child worker，But romanticism and reactionary socialism always do not do this，The life of the former industrial life is regarded as the idyllic poetry，and the education that is not defiled by production is consistent with humanity。Four，Technical Education has laid the foundation for a new socialist society。The necessary technical training allows workers to meet the labor bet365 Play online games needs of the continuous improvement of modern industry，Conscious owners who can make workers a conscious owner，Can promote the joint and cooperation of workers。All this is the prerequisite for the Kingdom of Liberty。Marx's prediction，Socialism，"Craft Education will occupy due positions in the worker school"。

　　Labor or game

In "Capital", there are few occasions about education，In a comment in the "Machine and Great Industry" chapter，Marx quoted the economist Bellers's discussion: "He (Bellers) speaks very well: 'Swallowing learning is not better than learning to swim ... Light add oil，Thoughts ignite the lights ... "。Marx will not forget to ridicule educatists Bazawado here: "This is a refutation to Bazawado and its modern imitators"。Bazawa is the founder of pan -love education，He is deeply influenced by Rousseau's "Ai Mi"，Emphasize to follow the nature of children，Opposition to use adult experience to force children，His game education law is widely respected in modern education。Marx's mockery of Bazado's words，It shows the choice between his labor education and game education，It shows the choice between his labor education and game education。

A alienation of the youth Marx's alienation gives people an impression that it is: the opposite of forced and tortured alienation，Free labor is happy，It is non -utilitarian，is the game; people have gained his human nature in the game。Discussion on the Kingdom of Liberty in "Capital"，Although the utopian tendency of the youth was fixed，But bet365 Play online games still seems to adhere to the claim of "freedom = game"。That is to say，The labor done based on the necessity and external purpose provisions is abolished with the abolition of capitalism and the increase in productivity，Compressed within a shorter and shorter working days，The growing leisure time provides space for non -purposeful Liberty Kingdom。We may get a conclusion，Good education should meet people’s game needs。

But this is not the case。"Capital Theory" and the first international documents at the same time，Marx repeatedly suggested that the school should carry out military training。Military training does not meet the nature of children's happy games，The principle through it is compulsory，It requires the obedience that adults must be necessary、Collaboration and discipline。Marx's position is clear，Military compulsory training is more in line with the needs of modern industry，It can help workers to control the real world composed of large production of machines -the advanced nature of the working class is manifested in disciplinary literacy and collaborative spirit to make it more capable of mastering the material heritage left by capitalism than scattered farmers。

For Marx，The game is rather to escape the reality。Schiller's "Aesthetic Education" is typical，He said, "Only when people are in the complete sense，He only game，Only when people are in the game，He is the complete person。"in Schilles，The impulse is the beauty as the object，bet365 best casino games Contenses of non -purpose。As long as one penetration of the purpose or reality，Games and beauty will be disintegrated，Human nature is defiled。Converse Schiller，Marx regards the game as "Leisure Study"，and treat the production labor of the destination as a person as a manifestation of human nature。Marx for example，Even if it is a free labor like composition，It will not be "like Fourier completely understood in a romantic girl in an extremely naive way" is an entertainment and pastime，and must be "very serious，Extremely nervous things "。

Freedom labor and games have only superficial similarities，But labor can never be a game，Unable to change the reality because of the game with no external purpose。If education is an activity that promotes people to achieve freedom，So Marx's understanding of freedom is not to get rid of external purpose，Instead of achieving the purpose。Obstacles of the realization of the hindrance to the realization of the eye are overcome，When the external purpose is lost, the appearance of the simple natural inevitable appearance becomes the inherent requirements of the workers，That is human self -realization。This is also the surpassing of materialism education to romanticism。Schiller once said "serious and labor to make mortal cheeks full of wrinkles"，Marx with the liberation of mortals as a career can respond to: serious labor makes the wrinkled cheeks exposed to a happy luster。

　　(Author Unit: College of Marxism University in Sun Yat -sen)