Enter the 21st century，Capitalism has a new development form，but did not stop discovering and obtaining a new "bonus"。Foreign Marxist scholar，In particular, some left -wing scholars take the lead in propositions of "digital capitalism"，It is pointed out that capitalism has entered the digital era，and caused new pictures in various fields。Digital capitalism theory has become increasingly becoming a hot spot for Western academic circles。Based on the basic situation of their research，Divide its main problem scope into three dimensions。

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In terms of the term "digital capitalism"，American left -wing scholar Dan Hiller pointed out in the book "Digital Capitalism"，Digital capitalism represents a more common form，It does not eliminate，Instead, it will increase the instability and inequality of the market system。Research on a left -wing scholar represented by Hiller，With the "proliferation" of digital space，Digital settings and algorithms have become more and more new objects and new tools for capital development。

First，Digital capitalism is a multi -polarized structural system，It is also a new evolutionary variant of capitalism，Digital technical conditions required for capital obtaining special interests。Jonathan Person pointed out，Digital capitalism is a process of digital technology regulating capitalist structural tendencies、Jet and time collection。Digital capitalism is neither a structured overall，Not a historical period。Mori Jian、Rihu Hao believes，Digital capitalism is bet365 live casino games capitalism from commercial capitalism、The evolution of the development of industrial capitalism，The characteristics of the two at the same time，All systems that are constantly pursuing capital accumulation，Digital capitalism is special in order to obtain profits with the help of digital technology。

Second，Digital capitalism is a new rise of economic model，It is also an inevitable trend formed by digital commoditization under capitalist conditions。It runs with digital technology、Online platform、Digital users are signs，​​Basically follow the general law of the market economy。Digital occupies the main factor in production and consumption，and become the core competitiveness and core assets of this era。Of course，Digital Commodity, on the one hand, is the new economic growth point and a new power engine，On the other hand, there will be new structural contradictions。Just as Philip Stabu pointed out，Digital capitalism itself has difficulty in reconciling consumer dilemma。

third，The fundamental purpose of digital capitalism is to inject new dominant power into the digital，Use it to complete the new dominance form，The general unity and control of order to achieve order。This not only reflects the tool strength of digital technology，It also reflects the acceleration of new liberal ideology。Sarah Mels-West and others research indicates，With the development of digital technology，Digital capitalism constitutes a new rule of rule，and gradually become capital consolidation of power、Powerful tools for communication ideology。Other scholars have studied digital society and existing activities that have existed and supported by it、Types of labor and capitalism，It is pointed out that Bet365 app download it has not changed substantially，The significance of digital capitalism is still in what form of squeezing the remaining value，Form digital oligarch and its digital factory system。

　　Controversy of exploitation of digital labor

Some Western left -wing scholars also apply the research methods of political economics to the research task，It mainly focuses on the discussion of the "digital labor" problem。Digital labor is a new production labor mode，The main manifestation is the reason that the platform directly connects to produce individuals，Sometimes producers are also consumers，Has high degree of freedom and liquidity。Even some scholars deconstructed and constructed digital labor theory with Marxist paradigm and framework。

First，Digital Labor Utilizing Digital Production Materials closely combined with participants in all parties，It is a series of complex labor form containing online digital users。Titzner Taranova believes，Digital labor is a form of free labor。Under the digital platform，User's "unconscious" production and "zero remuneration" salary contributed to massive digital resource packs，As Trebo Schilde said，The Internet is just like a playground or a social factory.，It can be convenient and quickly integrated and reproduced in digital capital。Based on this，Christian Fox's research on digital labor with Marxist theory，Point out analysis and resist the new form of exploitation of today's capitalism，Marxism's theory is very necessary。

Second，Under the specific field of digital labor，Western left -wing scholars have different exploitation problems，Also worthy of attention。There are two theoretical tendencies under the problem of digital labor。A point of view，Bet365 lotto review Digital labor is converted to digital capital by capturing digital resources by seizing digital users.。In a digital capitalist society，For most users，Copyright dense work and industry relative disappearance，In this scattered digital environment，Not produced by working or created by yourself，Instead of free labor generated as a digital agricultural identity。For example，Mike Grim Shawito thinks，Although this is a kind of harmless、useful、Diversified or entertaining labor，But it created a continuous expansion、Free Digital Collection，And these free digital distribution sites can bring huge profits，and try to empty any opportunity we create value。Contrary to the above perspective，Another point of view，Digital labor is a cultural nature of labor，No specific exploitation behavior。The user does not generate value and remaining value，It is a free -reward cultural production engaged in free time，Unable to determine value，Representatives of this type of representatives include Hersmondf、Adam Avison, etc.。

　　Digital alienation or materialization of the way of human survival

Different from the above two research paths，Alienation of digital capitalism pays more attention to the survival status of people in the digital era。In the eyes of some Western left -wing scholars，In a digital capitalist society，Alienation phenomenon does not disappear，Instead, it has become more universal、concealment、Masterly alienation phenomenon。Whether it is in Marx's traditional industrial society，Still have massive data、Digital capitalist society drawn by algorithm drawing，The way of survival is a supplementary mechanism for capitalism，The way of human survival not only becomes a representation of the development of Bet365 app download capitalist productivity and production relations，It can also be an important driving force for accelerating or slowing the social revolution。Digital technology invention undoubtedly helps human material cultural life，and meet the general needs of human beings，But when numbers and capital complete marriage，People are immersed in complicated digital society，As an individual、Some independent thoughts and abilities lose，Human beings fall into collective unconscious，Complete alienation or materialization，This means the dominance relationship between things，Become a dilemma of human survival in digital capitalist society。Based on the above consensus，Western left -wing scholars have made different degrees of critical reflection on alienation。For example，Mark Andrevich discussed the monitoring and alienation in the digital online economy，Matthew Griffes emphasized to identify and evaluate contemporary thoughts and high -tech capitalism，Sandro Selpa, based on the perspective of media and communication, pointed out that digital technology is increasingly dominated in social relations，Another scholar explains the alienation performance of the digital age based on the alienation of welfare professionals of digital public sector。

On the one hand，Indicate the alienation in the extension of the life world becomes more unable to get rid of fate，Casting the true nature of human beings，limited human theoretical imagination and practice as。Belladi Franco pointed out，Under the jurisdiction of the digital network，The body is disappearing in front of the computer screen，and explain that alienation or materialization involves thought、Language bet365 Play online games and Emotional aspects。Stiff Crug and Jacob Johnson on the basis of examining the concept of Marx's alienation，Empirical methods of social psychological surveys to study alienation of the expression form of alienation within the scope of digital labor。Victoria Yang pointed out in the form of a case that the theme of engaging in cultural creation workers in the field of media work needs to be further studied，He thinks at the same time，Although creative producers are out of large companies，Become an independent worker on the platform of YouTube，Represents the ideal transformation of away from alienation labor，But in the end this labor will still be drowned by capital。

On the other hand，Reveal the possibility of "alienation state" transcended by digital technology and successfully complete the possibility of social transformation。From Stegler's view，Individual subjects can successfully avoid the training force of digital capitalism，This resistance method finally comes from external forces。For example，To get rid of the rule of digital capitalism，He emphasized that it is necessary to actively intervene in public power。One way is that the university must actively transform。The important responsibility of the university is to deal with the possible risks brought by digitalization and the Internet，Reconstruction of the deep deprivation of attention。Another way is to establish a universal contribution mode。Participants of the contribution mode can use free platform software to bring knowledge skills、Value tendency、Aesthetic Interesting Interests to a larger range，These participants appear as contributors，Do not take profit and consumption for the purpose，The nature of gift。So，bet365 live casino games Can break consumer first、Digital capital operation methods of capital first。

In short,，Western left -wing scholars' research theoretical forms of digital capitalism are different，Their "diagnosis" highlights the explanation of digital capitalism，With its theoretical highlights and theoretical defects，You need to make further disclosure and evaluation，To better help domestic scholars study the work of digital capitalism。

　　(Author Unit: School of Marxism, Renmin University of China)