Marx’s historical evaluation of private bet365 mobile
December 30, 2021 09:36 Source: "China bet365 mobile Sciences Journal" Issue 2320, December 30, 2021 Author: Dai Shengpeng Zhang Xu

Standing on the standpoint of the proletariat,Marx once thoroughly exposed and criticized the final and most complete form of the development of private bet365 mobile, that is, modern capitalist society,Proposed the goal of “eliminating private bet365 mobile”,Provides the revolutionary program and ultimate goal for communists and proletarians around the world。Marx’s criticism of private bet365 mobile fundamentally transcends romanticism and utopian socialism,He adheres to the perspective of historical materialism,On the origin and form of private bet365 mobile、A detailed investigation has been conducted on various aspects such as functions and limitations,Thus revealing the emergence of private bet365 mobile、The inevitable significance of development and even ultimate destruction。

  The historical inevitability of the birth of private bet365 mobile

Marx believed that private bet365 mobile did not always exist,It is not a perfect system that is innate or consistent with "human nature",It is an inevitable product of the development of human society to a certain stage,It is inevitable when the level of social productivity develops to the point where the material means of life produced by people have a certain surplus in addition to meeting the basic needs of themselves and the community to which they belong。When humans were still in the stage of surviving by obtaining ready-made food from nature like animals,It is impossible to have the concept of bet365 mobile。With the improvement of human invention and discovery level,“All sectors – animal husbandry、Agriculture、Cottage industry - increase in production,To enable human labor to produce more than is necessary to maintain it”,Remaining products and remaining time appear,Making labor force formally obtain its special value,The value that creates additional new value。This makes "absorbing new labor force a desirable thing",Wars between tribes are in addition to the snatching of natural resources,It also became a means of providing new labor force - captives became slaves,Created a group that could live off the labor surplus of other tribe members without having to work themselves,Resulting in the gradual transition from privatization of the means of living to privatization of the means of production。

Engels once commented,“There is no room for domination and slavery”,It’s not just “the greatness of the clan system”,At the same time "it is also its limitation"。Therefore,The emergence of private bet365 mobile is not only a historical necessity,It is also historically reasonable and progressive。Private bet365 mobile does not just bring "domination and slavery",The establishment itself also means that people have transcended the most basic and simple survival needs,Produce the need for higher-level life enjoyment and self-development,The release and development of this need,Meaning the sublation of human beings’ own ignorance。In the perspective of historical materialism,Not only did the private bet365 mobile society replace the primitive communist society, it enabled mankind to bid farewell to the prehistoric era of ignorance and barbarism,Entering the era of civilization is a huge historical progress,And feudal bet365 mobile replaced slavery、The replacement of feudal private bet365 mobile by capitalist private bet365 mobile is also a huge historical progress。Because of every change and replacement in the form of private bet365 mobile,Both mean that society has undergone revolutionary transformation,It means that human social relations and organizational forms are impacted by the development of productive forces and break through the old framework,Adopt a new look to adapt to the development requirements of productivity,means productivity is further liberated,Complete another spiral upward cycle,It also means that people’s own creativity and needs have been released more generally。

  Private bet365 mobile is a form of independent activity in a certain historical stage of human beings

Marx pointed out,“The social history of people is always only the history of their individual development”,“History is nothing but the activities of people pursuing their own goals”。The development of social history is the result of human free activities,The essence is the practice of human change。This does not mean the negation of historical laws that are not subject to human subjective will,But revealed,Whether bet365 mobile productivity or production relations,It cannot be based solely on the object、Understand from an intuitive perspective,We must also consider the subject dimension,See their identity with people themselves。In essence,Productivity more importantly refers to the conquest formed by the combination of people with the ability to work and the means of production、The ability to transform nature,bet365 mobile a person’s ability to act independently。As a social form in which productivity is realized,On the one hand, production relations refer to the external and objective relations formed by people in the production process of material materials、Cannot be chosen at will、Social relations that bind people,On the other hand, it also refers to a kind of existence for "me"、Relationship belonging to "I" itself,bet365 mobile the essential power of human beings through which organization、The form of autonomous activity that regulates and then successfully externalizes and realizes - "This material relationship is nothing but the necessary form in which their material and individual activities are realized"。

As a form of bet365 mobile that inevitably arises and exists at a certain historical stage,Private bet365 mobile itself is an external social system norm,It is also a form of independent activity that is compatible with people’s essential strength and practical ability。But its persistence does not entirely depend on people’s free choice,But as the organizational form through which the main material production activities are carried out, it embodies a certain historical inheritance。The forms of independent activities left by the predecessors have become "inorganic conditions" for future generations,It is the historical premise that they must face from birth。This condition for autonomous activity inherited from previous generations,When the level of productivity development has not undergone major changes,Still able to adapt to the development of productivity,Continue as a form of activity for the next generation。But with the continuous deepening of practical activities and the advancement of productivity to a new level of development,These conditions for independent activities become shackles for independent activities,Only by transforming and changing it,In order to establish new forms of independent activities to meet the needs of human development。Since human society emerged from the barbaric era,It has always been in the context of private bet365 mobile,But from slavery society to feudal society and then to capitalist society,Every change of era is a change in the form of private bet365 mobile,Different forms of private bet365 mobile are essentially determined by the level of people’s ability to act autonomously at different historical stages,And "decision" just means that people adjust the form of activities according to their own ability to act independently。

  The elimination of private bet365 mobile is the inevitable destination of historical development

Since private bet365 mobile is the form of activity used by people to organize production and life at a certain historical stage,and its generation、Development is determined by the level of development of productive forces,Then when the real conditions faced by people fundamentally change,When social productivity develops to a stage where social material wealth is extremely abundant,Private bet365 mobile will also lose the inevitability of its existence,Become a form of activity that needs to be given up and changed "without losing the results already achieved"。

The key question is how to understand the "great abundance" of society's material wealth。In addition to judging the adequacy of wealth by the absolute value of things,What’s more important is related to people’s needs。People usually refer to "the contradiction between the limited nature of resources and the unlimited nature of human needs",This is used to prove that private bet365 mobile is an inevitable choice that conforms to human beings’ “self-interested nature”。It seems that people are always in a state of wanting something beyond what they have,And because the nature that human beings rely on for survival cannot be infinitely developed,Then the desire to satisfy all human needs is an unrealistic fantasy。But,From a historical perspective,The so-called human needs and desires are not innate human "nature",It is an "advanced attribute" developed by people at a certain historical stage,The reason why "human nature is evil" has become a deep-rooted consensus,It’s because of the thousands of years of private bet365 mobile history from the barbaric era to today’s large-scale industrial era,The development of productivity is not enough for everyone to not worry about basic survival needs,Then pursue higher self-worth,The resources that each person needs for self-satisfaction are also needed by others,The resulting competitive relationship is the root of man’s self-interested “essence”。As this competition becomes the norm,Those who have an advantage in the means of production are also worried about losing their original security,So I have to use my own conditions to participate in the competition for resources。Under private bet365 mobile,Competition for the material conditions to satisfy needs replaces human natural needs itself and becomes the principle and driving force governing human activities,So that if people don’t desire more,It may not be able to guarantee the most basic desires。

Since the demand itself, which is infinitely stimulated by private bet365 mobile and competition, is false,Then it means satisfying the survival of nature、The wealth required to develop needs does not have to be unlimited。“The great abundance of social wealth” is not the infinite abundance that can satisfy all human fantasies,It just means under the premise of large-scale automation and socialized production,It can prevent everyone from having to turn the value of their labor into a force different from themselves in order to survive。On this basis,The free development of human beings will itself replace the pursuit of competitive self-interest,Become a technological and cultural development,And then become the driving force for the development of productivity,This virtuous cycle of self-realization and social development is fundamentally different from the vicious cycle of selfish expansion and exclusive competition。When the level of productivity is not enough to support individuals to create wealth far beyond what is needed for their own survival and development,The activity form of private bet365 mobile still has its rationality as a spur mechanism to promote production through distribution。But with the advancement of social production technology,The new form of autonomous activity negates and replaces the form of private bet365 mobile,A social form in which the wealth of society is extremely rich and the free and comprehensive development of all people is benign and complementary,Arises with constant change and development,It will also be a historical necessity。

  (Author’s affiliation: bet365 mobile, Central China Normal University;bet365 mobile, Zhejiang University)

Editor: Zhang Yueying
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