Foreign Marxist criticism of bet365 free bets has two major themes: one，Criticism of the free development of bet365 free bets and its dominant power in capitalist society；Part 2，Discuss the possible revolutionary path of abandoning technological alienation。Implemented to foreign Marxists，They are rooted in continental reality，Construct your own theory based on drawing on the basic principles of Marxist bet365 free bets criticism and reinterpreting its ideas，Objectification of human beings、Carry out radical criticism of alienated living conditions and try to propose a subversive path。But，Due to the radical nature of its theory, it is divorced from its political practice，This kind of criticism is doomed to fall into theoretical naivety。Contemporary foreign Marxists are trying their best to get rid of this dilemma，However, from its overall point of view，But still haven’t overcome the forerunner’s problem。

　　Early Western Marxism’s concerns about bet365 free bets issues

Foreign Marxist criticism of technology began with Lukács，He is clearly aware of the impact of materialization caused by the conspiracy of capitalism and modern technology on human subjectivity。In "History and Class Consciousness"，He believes that capitalist society is based on calculation，The production behavior of workers in the "scientific-rational factory" clearly demonstrates the non-intrusive and "intuitive" nature of the subject's actions。From this，Individuals become quantified bet365 free bets atoms，Reduced to a computable object located in an anonymous causal chain，bet365 free bets life becomes a process dominated by effective quantitative calculation methods。But the problem is，Although rationalized forms of capitalism are based on “calculable content”，And represented by "eternal、The “whole bet365 free bets life” governed by “iron” laws，But the disordered state of the market means that the connection between the various parts of the bet365 free bets system is only formally inevitable，The real operation of bet365 free bets processes is governed by the capricious and difficult-to-grasp "fate"。Out of the structural similarity between capitalist society and Kant’s “dual world”，Lukacs thinks，Capitalist society has truly abstractly created a highly rationalized world that does not eliminate irrationality。In this theory，Lukács derived his revolutionary principle for the reconstruction of real society - the proletariat striving for liberation produces a clear class consciousness in materialized reality。

To be precise，Technical criticism is not Lukács’s entire theme，But his examination of technical rationality and bet365 free bets control made a good start，Following，This practical issue has gradually become an unavoidable research object of Western Marxism。In "Dialectic of Enlightenment"，Horkheimer and Adorno strive to reveal: in the progress of knowledge and technology constantly driven by Enlightenment ideas，Humans have achieved mastery over threatening unknowns and potential fatalities by controlling nature，Thus dismantling the foundation of the myth，But as technology becomes a pure tool of capital power and widely affects society and produces a dominating effect，Technological development has not only failed to liberate people，On the contrary, it serves as a tool of control and rule to make the operation of capital power more stable and effective。Marcuse basically accepted this view，He thinks，Capitalism is not just a driver of technological invention，And it is the bet365 free bets force that guides its operation，Thereby promoting the form of technology to become the "current form" of bet365 free bets control。Because this form embodies the rationality that is beneficial to the entire bet365 free bets group and bet365 free bets interests，All protests seem meaningless。As technological rationality is inculcated into society as a whole，Capitalism gradually gains control over all areas of bet365 free bets life and creates bet365 free bets incompetence of critical thought，The theme of "one-dimensionality" is highlighted。Compared to the rejection of technology by representatives of the first generation of Frankfurt School，Habermas’s attitude towards technology has become somewhat moderate，With the help of digestion of system theory and communication theory，Habermas thinks，Two different types of rationality, "communicative rationality" and "instrumental rationality", constitute modern society，The root cause of modernity’s problems is not the inherent flaws of instrumental rationality，But because of its overflow into areas of life organized by communication-such as family and political areas。In this dichotomous framework，Habermas has left space for technical criticism，Also corrected the tendency of the first generation theorists to emphasize criticism rather than construction。

However，We see，The self-awakening of the proletariat is only a necessary but not sufficient condition for overthrowing capitalism，The irreversibility of civilizational development also determines that the “big rejection” strategy of bet365 free bets must be “rejection ineffective”，The "communicative rationality" that attempts to regulate "instrumental rationality" seems to be helpless today when bet365 free bets and capital are becoming more and more intimate。No matter how the early Western Marxist critical theory of bet365 free bets is expressed，No matter how disappointing it is，In the end it all becomes a theoretical fantasy。

　　The dilemma of contemporary foreign Marxist criticism of bet365 free bets

Among the contemporary inheritors of Western Marxism，Feenberg and Rosa tried to overcome the inherent contradictions of earlier technology criticism in the new situation。Feenberg follows the technical criticism of the Frankfurt School，Critically absorbs the perspectives of contemporary bet365 free bets sciences, especially bet365 free bets constructionism and actor-network theory，Strive to reach the realm of human liberation from "critical constructivism" to the elimination of technological alienation。According to Feenberg，His critique of technology relies on his distinction between primary instrumentalization and secondary instrumentalization，The former refers to the material revealing itself to the subject as a kind of function、Available resources，The latter emphasizes technical design、The bet365 free bets logic on which the application depends。Feenberg thinks so，Technology is largely a product of bet365 free bets culture，All given technical orders are potential starting points with different development directions，The reason for the negative effects of technology in its development and application is not the technology itself，It’s that we haven’t yet designed the proper institutions and designed them through more democratic technologies、Development process realizes control of technology，And today, as the public domain continues to expand，Our task should be to improve democracy，Achieve healthy public control over technology。So，The logic of resistance is grasped by Feenberg as the uncertainty of technological power in bet365 free bets culture and the people's sense of democratic responsibility。

If Feenberg’s reverie still retains some edge of critical theory，So Rosa’s theory as a whole，It is a pseudo-criticism of modernity。Rosa refers to modern society as an "accelerated society"，Considering that accelerated history first reveals itself as technological acceleration，The result of emphasizing technical acceleration should be to release a large amount of time resources in shortening the program time，And slow down the pace of life，But in reality, the growth rate of transaction volume far exceeds the rate of technological progress。For example，Digital technology enables people to quickly、Easily access the types of information that are critical to our daily lives today，Type an email on a digital device and send it halfway around the world in seconds，Receive online purchases within days or hours。But at the same time，Information timeliness and product freshness are getting lower and lower，Everyone’s feelings are constantly increasing、Holded by a list of things that can be listed eloquently，and forced to speed up the pace of his life，This in turn accelerates bet365 free bets changes。So，Rosa switches the perspective of technology criticism from the political field to the broader interface of daily life，His critique of capitalist technological alienation becomes, to some extent, a critique of modernity itself。However，The "resonance" approach to breaking alienation provided by Rosa is disappointing，Because this is not about getting rid of the alienation caused by bet365 free bets acceleration，But to integrate yourself into it wholeheartedly，Arrange your own rhythm according to the accelerating rhythm of society，Get a little comfort with this。This is not so much a criticism，Rather, it is a compromise with capital，It seems that there are only two ways in front of him: alienation or coexistence。

Feenberg and Rosa’s theories target bet365 free bets institutions supported by technical rationality、The totality formed by the aggregation of ideologies、The oppressive power of dominance and all restraints、Phenomena that devalue the value of human freedom and the meaning of existence，And attributes the key to liberation to cultural power and the self-awakening of the subject。Therefore，Contemporary foreign Marxists have not escaped from the framework of early Western Marxist technology criticism。

As a theoretical crystallization of reflection on the reasons for the failure of the European revolution，Western Marxists were dissatisfied with the mainstream interpretation of Marxism by the Second International at that time，Hope to create a new bet365 free bets imagination through the thoughts of Marx and Engels，Believe that the economic field still plays a fundamental role in modern society，But as far as the phenomena of modernity are concerned，The main thing that directly stands at the front desk and directs is the cultural force。Based on this，Technological rationalist criticism based on cultural criticism has become the main expression of its technical criticism。

Overall view，Realistic diagnosis of the bet365 free bets effects of technological development by foreign Marxists、Proficient in theoretical grasp and reflective criticism，But to appeal to cultural power or messianic salvation for the sublation of bet365 free bets revolution and technological alienation is tantamount to wishful thinking。Not only did they fail to materialize、Overcoming the alienation mechanism，On the contrary, it has invisibly weakened the critical strength of its own theory。Foreign Marxist criticism of technology attempts to replace “criticism of weapons” with “critical weapons”，An attempt to use cultural power to improve the material and bet365 free bets relations that lead to technological alienation，The theoretical circuit that ultimately leads to the construction of utopia。

　　(Author’s unit: Research Center on Basic Principles and Development History of bet365 free bets, School of bet365 free bets, Central China Normal University)