Elman、The British and American "New Dialectics" school represented by Arthur and Pu Shu tried to discover abstract labor from Marx's "Capital"、Value、Commodity、Currency、"System Dialectics" or "Dialectical Dialectics of Inherent Relations"，Highlight the objectivity of the dialectical system formed by the economic category，but people have to submit to these objective systems constructed by these abstract or concepts; this is the problem of "people are now abstracting now" issued by Marx。But the "New Dialectics" school unilaterally emphasizes "abstract rule"，and oppose it with class rule，This has caused them to ignore and weaken class struggle in the capitalist society，Vague the subject and object of the proletarian revolution，As a result, it is running down with Marx's thoughts。Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between abstract rule and class rule through "Capital" and its manuscripts，Clarify the subject and object of the proletarian revolution。

First，The capitalist class relationship is the economic category and the objective social relationships reflected in the rule of people。

From the perspective of the "New Dialectics" school，Abstract rule is a non -personal social rule，is in a capitalist society，It is no longer a person or a group that bet365 Play online games rules people，but an objective social relationship。and the revolutionary discourse of "traditional Marxism" still emphasizes the group group of the capital family class，That is the rule of the working class。

From the surface，The relationship between the bourgeoisie and the working class is indeed a relationship between one group and another group;。Because in a capitalist society，Class relationship is the relationship between "personality of capital" and "worker personality"。So，The opposition between capital and workers is ultimately reflected as the opposition between capitalists and workers; but capitalists are not "people"，but "Personality of Capital"。Capitalist is an agent and guardian of capital，Execute the function of capital，Infinite proliferation。So，The relationship between the bourgeoisie and the working class is the relationship between capital and workers。

In Marx's eyes，Capital is not object，Instead, it is an objective social relationship that is exchanged into intermediaries; the material relationship reflected by capital as the economic category，It is nothing more than contacting each other and workers that capitalists and workers must be established through exchange。So，Class relationship between capitalists and workers is essentially an objective social relationship for social relationships for workers' personality，It is a "abstract rule" or "non -personal" social rule。

Marx said，"The concept of capital contains capitalists"。Capital want to play bet365 live casino games the effectiveness of capital，It must be brought to the field of production and circulation for capitalists。In the fantasy of worshiping materialism，The physical exchange value is generated by the exchange value，Even production materials can be proliferated as capital。but，Things After all, there are no hands and feet，Without your own life，Therefore, they cannot go to the field of production and circulation。Things need to be agent、The guardian brings it to the field of production and circulation，Things must get "self -association" and "self -proliferation"。The agent of capital in the "world" is capitalist，"The capital that exists is the capitalist"，Capitalist is will with will、Delivery capital; capital belongs to the economic category，The material relationship reflected is the relationship between the capitalist's possession of production materials。

Secondly, abstract labor is actually hiring labor.

Abstract rule emphasizes abstract labor，and class rule emphasize employment labor。From the perspective of the "New Dialectics" school，Abstract labor is a "labor of social intermediary activities"，Employing labor is a direct -associated labor between people。Therefore, the former is the rule of personal、A non -personal social relationship，The latter is a direct social relationship between the capital family class and another group, that is, the working class。

But from Marx's eyes，Abstract labor exists in the form of employment labor，"Labor must directly produce exchange value，That is to say，Must be Bet365 lotto review produced directly。So，Labor must be hired labor "。Abstract labor objectization is value in the product，In a capitalist society，This "objectization" process is undertaken by employment labor。Capitalist purchase labor ability，The purpose is to achieve product value、Get the exchange value; and workers' labor is creating value，Create the "abstract labor" in the product。So，Abstract labor in a capitalist society is actually hiring labor。

Abstract labor is indeed stated as "new dialectics" school school，is a kind of "labor of social intermediary activities"，Personal labor needs to use others' labor as the intermediary (or transfer individual labor products) to prove your social nature。Employing labor itself is a labor transferred by workers，and workers' labor must meet the needs of others (in the case of words，Demand for capital proliferation) can be transferred。Therefore, hiring labor is the same as abstract labor，All are a kind of "labor of social intermediary activities"。So，Can't split employment labor and abstract labor。

Employment labor, although it is manifested as a direct social relationship between capitalists and workers，Classal rule of capitalists to workers; but in fact hiring labor is a relationship between capital and workers，It is the rule of people in the economic category。Labor -funded class relationship is not directly between people、Public social relationship，Instead, the social relationship that is exchanged into Bet365 lotto review an intermediary。Capital's abstract rule for human abstract rule reflects the class rule of capitalists to workers。Labor -funded class relationship is historical reality，Abstract rule is a narrative or theoretical reproduction of this historical reality。

Last，Class relationship is production relationship，instead of allocation relationship。

From the perspective of the "New Dialectics" school，Abstract rule reflects production relationship。Because of the production of capitalist society，The production of value is crucial，Personal labor can only prove that it is the production of value with the society。Therefore, capitalist production relationship is the rule of value or capital，is abstract rule。Class rule is a relationship of property distribution，Different from the basis of class division is the possession of production materials。

But actually，From Marx's view，The distribution relationship of production materials itself is a production relationship。Marx said，Property relations are "legal terms of production relations"。If the property is possessive of living materials，So property relationship is a distribution relationship。But if the assigned property is the production information，So distribution is also a kind of production，Because the distribution of production materials determines the structure and process of production。

Class relations first manifests as the distribution of production materials。The original accumulation of capital is manifested in the separation between production materials and producers，Production materials converted into capital Bet365 app download and relative to producers。Those who possess production materials can have the labor and products of others，Those who do not occupy production materials need to provide (more) labor to retrieve his living information。Therefore, class relationship is first of all a production relationship，Social relationship established by people during the production process。Class relationship between capitalists and workers is firstly a property relationship that is allocated around production materials，That is production relationship。

Class rule is a production relationship，This does not prevent "abstract rule" a production relationship。Capitalist purchase labor，The value of the use of this special product can create more value，The power to see the land that "does not pay the equivalent" land with the value of the surplus。Visible，The capitalist class rule is based on the proliferation and possession of value or exchange value。Therefore, the reality of capitalist class rule can still be theoretically manifested as a rule of value or exchange value，A "abstract rule"。

In short，Class rule of capitalists to workers is social historical reality，Abstract rule is a narrative or theoretical reproduction of this historical reality。Therefore, compared with abstract rule of class rule，Is a more fundamental social relationship。The solution to the problem of abstract rule needs to be eliminated is the class relationship between capitalists and workers。

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