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From numbers inequality to returning to Marx

-The criticism of digital capitalism at contemporary foreign Marxist scholars

December 29, 2022 08:58 Source: "China Social Sciences" December 29, 2022 Author: Lanjiang

　　Entering the 21st century，Contemporary capitalist development shows a variety of different trends，Digital Technology、Communication technology and intelligent algorithms in industrial fields、Large -scale application in the field of consumer and logistics。With smartphones and various terminal devices entering people's daily life，A large number of apps and platforms are becoming an indispensable part of social life。One result brought by these trends is，The power of capital quickly entered these new fields，Derivation of a new type of capitalist type，That is digital capitalism。Just as the disciples of Aldusa、French contemporary Marxist scholar Etienne Balibar (Etienne Balibar) in 2021 in an article pointed out at the beginning of "A radical Philosophy"，When the productivity of capitalism develops to the "overall stage"，Everyone’s life will be directly associated with this overall productivity。Obviously，Barrbar explained: on the one hand，Capitalism for big data、Large -scale abuse of cloud computing and intelligent technology，As a result, the technologies of these capital agencies directly act on everyone's life，We face the plunder and exploitation of capitalism in a very naked way; on the other hand,，Suddenly hitting new crown pneumonia's epidemic seemed to accelerate this process around the world，Capitalism is being transformed，It not only becomes more monopoly，And infiltrate the power of capital into the field that has not been involved，such as biological gene、Consumption habits、Urban Instant Map, etc.，And all of this is data，Create a clearer barriers to capitalist inequality。Perhaps，Just as contemporary critical theorist Nancy Fraser said in 2022's new book "Capitalism"，Capitalism is becoming a snake snake that cannibalize his tail，In touching your own foundation，Eventually paving the road to the future of socialism。Perhaps，At this point，Contemporary Foreign Marxism in the Bet365 app download same way and ask for help to Marx，It is believed that only Marxism can solve the dilemma brought about by the abuse and plunder of contemporary capitalist technology。

　Digital capitalism and inequality

In the stage of new liberalism in the 20th century，Many liberal scholars and left -wing scholars believe，Although there are still various problems in capitalism，But overall dialogue negotiation and democratic procedures，Can make society more and more equal。This is the origin of the dialogue and negotiation democracy of Habermas and others。As the second generation representative of the Frankfurt School，Habermas hopes to be under the framework of the multiculturalism at that time，Let different class、Different races、People of different gender can be under the same dialogue program，Realize negotiated equality。Gadenus hopes to use self -counter -sexual life and politics，to replace revolutionary liberation politics，At that moment，It seems that a more equal capitalist society is about to realize the land of human society。

But，With the arrival of digital capitalism，Monopoly digital platform controls huge data -traffic，and the intelligent algorithm developed and monopolized with them，Training people’s daily life。Every individual living in it，Need to feel that the inequality in the capitalist society is not eliminated，On the contrary, it is increasingly expanded。In fact，At the beginning of the birth of the Internet and digital technology，Western left -wing scholars asserted that the wide use of the Internet will further bring "digital gap"，Areas that can widely use Internet devices and data，Compared to those economic poverty、Areas with backward communication infrastructure，It will form an irregular unequal gap。After the convenience of the wealthy bourgeoisie and the middle class uses the convenience brought by digital technology，The gap between the regions that cannot use these applications and technology will become larger and larger。In other words，Digital technology and communication technology represents not only the inequality of ownership，More technical means of inequality。Future，With Bet365 app download smart devices、Those who can get information in real time are easier to get various opportunities，Win more wealth，Get better education，and people living on the other side of the digital gap, further "fall into the abyss"。

This is just a more in -depth prelude to inequality。For example，After the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia，Biological data and medical data will become the goal of future capitalism competition，Virus's database、Bio DNA data of different races，and the physiological data of various diseases provides necessary conditions for the next breakthrough in medicine and biotechnology。But this also means，Companies and platforms with capital may further use the healthy people's DNA and data to produce healthier lives，Let these lives have stronger intelligence、physical strength、Endurance、Reactive，and the more important thing is，For the upper class，All of this can be purchased。Herraley's "Future History" has described us such a scene，That is, the upper class has mastered the mystery of genetic data and life data，You can use money and privileges to obtain better life constitution and life。and those lower -class races and people have become useless class，Unable to enjoy digital technology、A bonus brought by the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and life gene technology，I can only rely on short -term zero and outsourcing work barely。In this sense，They have become the Precariat class in the sense of Guy Standing。Perhaps，In the 20th century's new liberal capitalist era，The difference between the bourgeoisie and the proletarian is still a spatial，Folding social space allows people of different levels to isolate each other。But the life politics and life data brought by the new crown pneumonia epidemic，It can make capitalism distinguish the difference between the assets and the proletarians in terms of physical and physiological，that is, shift from space inequality to biological inequality。It is this inequality，Make many foreign Marxist scholars suddenly awaken，Under the rule of capitalism，Not equal between people not only does not eliminate，Instead, it becomes more and more unable to cross the gap。

　Life Cocoa under digital capitalism

Capitalism development under contemporary digital technical conditions，The biggest problem is not only an increasingly expanding inequality，More importantly, digital technology and life politics are peeling the foundation of people's survival，From the existence theory to a part of capitalist digital technology and life and political devices。Look at the lifestyle of people under modern digital capitalism，All this is clearly unveiled。People’s eyes are staring closely at various screens，They keep sliding with their fingers or mouse，As if everything in the interface is their life。Their body is in a forced room，Their work and social communication can be completed through a computer and a smartphone。Personal lives under contemporary digital capitalism rely on the interface behind the screen，Personal users are users of major platforms，It is a fan of various virtual idols，It is a warrior in various games，But it is a house family in the real space。This is the lifestyle of people under digital capitalism，Corresponding to it is the gradual withering and barrenness of the real world，In the words of Jonathan Krari，This is a scorched soil。

Perhaps，This is why Clari named his new book in 2022 as "Scorched Earth"! Actually，In the previous book "24/7: End of the End of the End of the Capitalism and Sleep"，Clari has shifted to the fate of the human subject under the control of the life and technology control of capitalism。Under the new biotechnology and medical technology，For example，Let the hired workers have more labor and working hours，to serve the capitalist system。Capitalist life and political control is no longer limited to control within 8 hours in factories and office buildings，It is not limited to the control of consumption and entertainment time in a sober state，but turned into seven days a week、Comprehensive control of 24 hours a day。Life politics has entered an unprecedented comprehensive control status，That is the full time control of 24/7。Under the capitalist system of 24/7，Due to the intervention of this new life and political technology，Capitalism can directly invade the biological body of the bet365 Play online games individual，Let the body of the worker become a body with greater production capacity，and the main body has become the main body of Bai Yishun, which accepts these new biotechnology control。

From Clari,，When people in a digital capitalist society turn their attention to the screens of various mobile phones and computers，Use a digital network to replace the daily interaction of reality，After a new round of abstraction，The digital network that has been branded with capitalist brand，It is allowing everyone in them to further separate from the bond of the real world。They are not only abstract lives between subway networks and office buildings，His life is continuously produced by "996" and drug stimulation by the capitalist boss.，It is constantly removing the body in the digital network，Let individuals enter the virtual world that users and virtuals are completely dominated by capitalist digital platforms。The rules of that world have long been defined in accordance with the rules of finance and profit，All the subjects entering this application interface can only only be on the interface。Digitalization and abstraction of life，Let the life be separated from the foundation of the earth。Life has become a rootless life，Wandering everywhere，Floating，Can't take root on the earth，It can only be turned into a set of virtual bodies composed of data。People no longer live on the ground，Instead, put life in the flowing -flowing digital network。Through this device，Capitalism has implanted the means of controlling it in each body，The hope of Brosh style has gradually fallen into the traffic and attention of net celebrities。Where，Everything has become traffic，Everything becomes the profit of capitalism brought by traffic。

　Re -call Marx in the digital age

How to solve the increasing inequality of digital capitalism? How to avoid future capitalism that turn us into the scorched soil of life?，Back to the questions raised by Marx in the Declaration of the Communist Party，Back to "Capital" and its manuscript politics and economics critical paths，can you find a road to get rid of capitalism。

September 2022，Alain Badiou, a contemporary French Marxist thinker Alain Badiou, published bet365 live casino games "The Thirteenth Politics of Politics" in "New Observer"，It is pointed out that the chaos of the new crown pneumonia epidemic、baptism of imperialist war、After the trade war launched by the US capitalist government，We must return to Marx's "Communist Declaration"，"In all these exercises，They all emphasize that the issue of ownership is the basic problem of exercise，No matter what the degree of development of this problem "。Badio quoted Marx again，Not only because he always insists on the ideals of communism as the ideal concept of European left wing and Marxism，And that he once again clarified the core issue of struggle with contemporary capitalist again is the inequality ownership，Even in the era of digital capitalism，All must point the spearhead of the struggle to the capitalist ownership。In other words，From Badio's view，It is not digital technology that really goes wrong，Whether it is digital technology or artificial intelligence technology，It is nothing more than fully exposed the essence of contemporary capitalist greed and inequality，Application of Digital Technology、Construction of communication infrastructure，It is not a problem，These technologies and applications are actually serving all human beings、Services for social stability and development，The question lies in the involvement of capital, especially financial capital，Monopoly various data and algorithms，thus becoming a means of profit for some large capital。When they from biological data、Switching more values in the aspects of intelligent algorithms，It is also when the streaming class in the lower level is deeper into the abyss of the abyss。

So，Nancy Fraser emphasized in "Capitalism"，Capitalism's greed will turn yourself into a snake that eats his tail，Social foundation that should not be swallowed because capitalism is eating，That is the vast number of streaming classes excluded by the politics and digital platforms of capitalist life。In this sense，Fraser, who used to be a feminist critical theorist，Abandoning the strategy of understanding feminist liberation from pure status position，Because she found out，Even if Hillary Clinton becomes Bet365 lotto review the president of the United States，The improvement and liberation of the living environment of the underlying proletariat women will not bring a little hope。In this sense，Fraser chose to return to Marx，She thinks only to return to Marx's political economy criticism，Back to capitalist exploitation、Disposal of plunder and oppression mechanism，can we truly solve the poor class that lives below the red and poor line、The calamities encountered by those who have nothing to do。This is also the position advocated by Christian Fuchs "Re -Reading Marx in the Digital Capitalist Times".，That is, read Marx，Under the dual oppression of capitalism in digital platforms and life politics，Scorched soil formed of life。Only the private ownership of the property that breaks the capitalist，Let people share the benefits brought by digital technology and artificial intelligence technology equally，can we get out of the haze of capitalism，See the hope of human future。

(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Nanjing University)

Editor in charge: Changchang