■Bet365 lotto review (right) participated in the international academic seminar。 Author/photo provided

　　Biography of Bet365 lotto review

Bet365 lotto review，Born in 1937，People from Yingkou, Liaoning。Graduated from the Chinese Department of Nankai University in 1961，In 1979, he served as professor of the Chinese Department of the School of Liberal Arts of Nankai University。Formerly worked at Kobe University, Japan、Visiting Professor of Yeongnam University, South Korea，Foreign researcher at Kyoto University Institute of Humanities, Japan，Special researcher at the Center for Religious Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences。Mainly focus on the literature of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties、Buddhist Literature and Culture，Is one of the earliest domestic scholars engaged in the study of religion and literature since the 1980s，Renowned in the field of international religious and literary studies。Author of "The Biography of Liu Zongyuan", "General Introduction to the Classical Prose Movement in the Tang Dynasty", "Buddhism and Chinese Literature", "Vimalakirti and Avalokitesvara in Chinese Literature", "Meditation and Poetry", "Cultural Chronicles of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties", "Critical Biography of Liu Zongyuan" "Taoism and Tang Dynasty Literature", "History of Chinese Buddhist Culture" (five volumes), etc. 25 types；The ancient books are compiled into 6 types including "Avalokitesvara Fulfillment Records (Three Types)", "Zutang Collection", and "Han Yu Collection"；There are 5 translations including "Principles of Chinese Poetry", "Chinese Myths, Legends and Ancient Novels"；Published more than 200 academic papers。

When a person regards spiritual pursuit as the first life，This means that he gave up all interests and material desires in the world。No matter what kind of hardships and difficulties，Nothing can shake his persistent pursuit of truth and spiritual values。Having such a spirit of perseverance and selflessness，You can reach the so-called state of "cultivating the right fruit"。Mr. Bet365 lotto review’s academic life，This is a true portrayal of this kind of persistent pursuit to reach the other side of success。

　　Troublesome and Bet365 lotto review search

Bet365 lotto review，Originally located in Yingkou, Liaoning，Lost his father in childhood，I went to Beijing with my mother to attend middle school。He is diligent and studious，Not only have I read many ancient and modern Chinese and foreign classics，I also taught myself Russian。Adolescence，His Russian has reached the level of smooth communication through oral and written translation，Translated Soviet writer Belikov's work "Pavlenko's Creative Path" when I was in middle school，It caused quite a stir。

1956 is an important node in the development of science, technology and cultural undertakings in the history of New China。In view of the various complicated international and domestic situations at that time，The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the slogan of “March to Science”，And formulated the "Outline of the Vision Plan for Science and Technology Development from 1956 to 1967 (Revised Draft)"。In such a social environment，Respect knowledge、Respecting culture became the mainstream concept at that time。In the torrent of development of the times，Bet365 lotto review, full of enthusiasm for reading, was admitted to the Chinese Department of Nankai University，Hope to travel in the sea of ​​books，Realize the ambition of rejuvenating the country through reading。

Nankai University has had Chinese literature since its establishment，There was also a literature department。When the Southwest Associated University was established in 1937，Zhang Qingchang, former Department of Literature, Nankai University、Xing Gongwan and other important professors joined the Chinese Department of Southwest Associated University。After the dissolution of the Southwest Associated Congress in 1946，Nankai University officially establishes an independent Chinese Department。In addition to introducing a large number of famous scholars to join us，The Ministry of Education specially selected Mr. Li Helin, an expert on Lu Xun, to serve as the director of the Chinese Department of Nankai University。By the time Bet365 lotto review was admitted to Nankai University in 1956，After the adjustment of departments, the Chinese Department of Nankai University has gradually improved，Enter the heyday。

After admission，Bet365 lotto review is like many classmates，Full of enthusiasm，Consatisfied，Soon plunged into an intense and fulfilling study life。He still remembers it，Students who liked studying at that time had no choice but to attend classes，I spend a lot of time after school immersed in studying hard in the library。Every time after a day of classes and self-study，He often buys a bag of snacks with one or two friends，Walking by Xinkai Lake，Share and exchange the learning gains of the day，Go back to the dormitory to rest。He said this was the happiest and happiest time in college。

　For some reasons，1961，Bet365 lotto review, who graduated from university, was assigned to Yingkou, a small town in Northeast China，Teacher of Yingkou Normal School。In Yingkou，He stayed for 18 years。

Full of enthusiasm for the past、For young people in their early twenties who are looking forward to a better future，Such a life encounter seems too cruel。Nevertheless，Reality has not changed Bet365 lotto review’s persistence in truth and pursuit of academics。

While completing normal teaching work at Yingkou Normal School，He made a reading and research plan for himself，And put it into practice consistently over the years。At that time，Bet365 lotto review’s family lives in a small bungalow，White frost hangs on the wall in winter，The ink in the ink bottle has frozen。In order to maintain the green lantern stall at night，My wife always boils a basin of boiling water，Put it at the feet of Bet365 lotto review，Let the heat warm his body，Melt the frost on the wall and the ink in the bottle。Over the years，Although in unimaginable adversity，And the situation at that time was getting worse，But Bet365 lotto review was never overwhelmed by difficulties。He perseveres in studying、The motivation to study academics，It is due to his persistence in the truth and his confidence in the bright future of the country and society。

　　Lock the target and persevere

Most academic circles understand it，Bet365 lotto review’s academic research started with Han Yu、Research on the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty represented by Liu Zongyuan，Then expanded to the study of Tang Dynasty literature，further develop into the study of the entire Tang Dynasty culture。This trajectory and direction，Fully demonstrates Bet365 lotto review’s solid and broad academic vision。

Bet365 lotto review’s earliest choice of major in Tang Dynasty literature，It became clear soon after entering the university。

1956，At a department-wide student meeting in the university，Department Chairman Li Helin announced to all students the training goals of the Bet365 lotto review Department and the preparations everyone should make for this。To the effect: the Bet365 lotto review Department does not cultivate writers，Only cultivate scholars。So，Everyone must build themselves in the direction of a scholar，Choose to determine your research direction earlier。

Mr. Li Helin’s words caused an uproar among the students。Some students are already famous writers，Disappointed after hearing these words，Some even dropped out of school。Other students were greatly encouraged，Consatisfied，Preparing for a big fight。Bet365 lotto review belongs to the latter，Planning to pursue an academic path。He has read ancient literature selections such as "Guwen Guanzhi" and "Three Hundred Tang Poems" since middle school，Having a strong interest in ancient literature。So from then on，He determined to engage in ancient literature research，Tang Dynasty literature is an important part of ancient literature。From graduating from university to working in Yingkou，Bet365 lotto review’s main focus is on the study of Tang Dynasty literature。

1965，Bet365 lotto review published "Several Issues in the Study of Sikong Tu's Poems" in "Literature, History and Philosophy"。The main point is from the standpoint of materialism，Criticize the idealistic tendency that denies the theory of poetic charm and artistic conception proposed by Sikong Tu of the Tang Dynasty in "Shi Pin"，As well as the academic opinions of the academic circles at that time that affirmed this poetic proposition。This view is contrary to the mainstream view in today’s academic circles，But back to the historical environment of the 1960s，Obviously understand。And even in that era，This article criticizes Sikong Tu and his admirers at the same time，Still explaining some poetic scenes in Sikong Tu's "Shi Pin"，And its image comparison methods to illustrate the theory, etc.，Given full affirmation。

In addition，The important value of this article，This proves that Bet365 lotto review already had academic foundation and research capabilities at that time。When this article was published，Bet365 lotto review graduated from University just 4 years ago，Only 28 years old。Throw aside the article’s opinions，Whether it is Sikong Tu's "Poetry"，It is still the forefront of relevant research in the academic community，He understands everything。At the same time，He can analyze and think from cutting-edge trends，Come out a family story，Justify yourself，And be able to publish academic opinions in heavyweight academic publications such as "Literature, History and Philosophy"，Even more valuable。Amazing efforts to persist in pursuing academic ideals despite hardships，In exchange for successful verification。

1978，Reform and opening up brings spring back to the earth，The changes in the situation have brought Bet365 lotto review a change of destiny and unlimited academic hope，Alma mater Nankai University extended a caring hand to him。18 years after graduation，Bet365 lotto review finally returned to his alma mater to teach。From now on，His academic life has been in turmoil，Accumulation and success，Dazzling academic achievements，Ze was later generations。

　　Continuously explore and reach Bet365 lotto review heights

Late 1970s，Bet365 lotto review, who has gained academic rebirth, has focused his academic research on Han Yu、Representative writers of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty headed by Liu Zongyuan，Published several academic monographs，Published many academic papers。Judging from the content of these results，They each have their own characteristics，support each other。Especially obvious is，These results are constantly improved and innovated in content，Always in the process of supplementary changes and sublimation，It can be seen from this that Bet365 lotto review constantly thinks about these research objects、Continuous exploration。

Bet365 lotto review’s first academic masterpiece is "The Biography of Liu Zongyuan"。Before officially published by People’s Literature Publishing House in 1982，Papers rewritten from some of the best parts of the book have been published in some important domestic journals。The publication time is basically concentrated around 1980。It’s not hard to see，From the time he was transferred back to Nankai University in 1979 to the spurt of publication of these important articles，Only one year，It is impossible for him to start writing only after returning to Nankai University。The logical explanation can only be: this 400,000-word masterpiece，In fact, it is one of the fruits of many years of hard study and study when Bet365 lotto review lived in seclusion in Yingkou。It is based on the basic qualities of outstanding scholars，Established Bet365 lotto review’s leading position in the domestic research field of Liu Zongyuan。Early 1980s，The famous scholar Kuang Yaming initiated the compilation of the "Critical Biography of Chinese Thinkers" series，Bet365 lotto review was invited to write "A Critical Biography of Liu Zongyuan" (Nanjing University Press 1998 edition)，The book caused great repercussions in the academic community after its publication。Visible，Twenty years from the early 1980s to the end of the 20th century，Bet365 lotto review’s leading position in Liu Zongyuan’s research field has not been shaken，On the contrary, it is getting stronger。But Bet365 lotto review thinks，There is a relative lack of literary research in this book，Very sorry，And hope to make up for it in the study of Han Yu, another master of the ancient prose movement。

Before conducting in-depth research on Han Yu，Bet365 lotto review once published "A General Theory of the Classical Prose Movement in the Tang Dynasty"，Jiang Han Yu、The research on the leaders of the ancient prose movement such as Liu Zongyuan was integrated into the study of the entire ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty，This kicked off the study of Han Yu。The study of Han Yu is another important point in the study of Bet365 lotto review’s ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty，He has published "Han Yu's Prose Art Theory" (Nankai University Press, 1986 edition)、"Selected Works of Han Yu" (first published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in 1996，2013 new edition)、"Selected Reviews of Han Yu's Poems and Prose" (Sanqin Publishing House, 2004 edition)、"Collection of Han Yu" (National Library Press 2019 edition)。Compared with Liu Zongyuan’s research，Bet365 lotto review’s research on Han Yu seems to focus more on art。He emphasized in the "Postscript" of "Han Yu's Theory of Prose Art"，The two books "The Biography of Liu Zongyuan" and "General Theory of the Classical Prose Movement in the Tang Dynasty" talk less about art，Hope to be supplemented in "Han Yu's Prose Art Theory"，It can be seen from this that Bet365 lotto review’s unremitting efforts and open-minded demeanor on academic issues。

In Liu Zongyuan、Based on the study of Han Yu and the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty，Bet365 lotto review also expanded the study of Tang Dynasty literature to include the study of the entire Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties cultures。Early 21st century，General Xiao Ke edited the 100-volume "General History of Chinese Culture"。This huge project includes multiple perspectives from both the "vertical and horizontal" dimensions of Chinese culture，And organize the compilation through public bidding at home and abroad。At that time，Although Bet365 lotto review is nearly seventy years old，Still volunteering，Actively applied and was approved to write the "Cultural History of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties"，This book was published in 1998 with a complete set of general journals。The whole book is based on summarizing the cultural background and characteristics of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties，From education and imperial examination、Academic、Literature、Art、Science and Technology、Religion、Ethnic relations and international relations, etc.，Summary and sort out the basic context and overall appearance of the culture of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties，Is an important reference book for comprehensive understanding of the cultural history of Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties，It can be seen from this that Bet365 lotto review’s continuous and gradually in-depth academic pursuit and research on the path of academic research on literature and culture of the Tang Dynasty。

From the perspective of academic history，Reform and opening up have brought major changes and unlimited vitality to the study of ancient literature。Many obstacles set up by the previous theoretical system of mechanical materialism and class struggle for the study of ancient literature are constantly being cleared，Replace it with the research perspective of historical culture and literature itself。Bet365 lotto review is one of the representative scholars in the progressive trend of this era。

　　Create a Bet365 lotto review approach and strive for excellence

It should be said，Be able to represent Bet365 lotto review’s academic achievements，Establishing its international academic influence and academic status，Or his research on Buddhist literature and culture，Both in breadth and depth，All reached the ultimate state。He has encountered difficulties that are unimaginable to ordinary people，Also put in extremely hard efforts。Mainland Academia after 1949，Research on the relationship between Buddhism and ancient literature is basically blank。In 1979, Bet365 lotto review returned to Nankai University to teach，This is when the study of the relationship between Buddhist culture and ancient literature has just started。He seized this opportunity in time，Become one of the first scholars in China to shift from the study of ancient literature to the study of the relationship between Buddhist culture and literature。

Bet365 lotto review’s interest in the relationship between Buddhism and literature，Produced from the process of thinking about ancient literature。Previously when he was studying the two figures Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan，Always emphasizing their “Buddha-proofing” aspect that is opposed to Buddhism。But in the process of conducting in-depth research on the two writers，Discovered by Bet365 lotto review，Whether it is the expression of their written works，Or the behavior itself，It is difficult to say that there is an incompatible relationship with Buddhism。He is in the book "The Biography of Liu Zongyuan"，In fact, the integration of Confucianism and Buddhism in Liu Zongyuan’s thought has been fully affirmed and demonstrated。If this conclusion is mainly based on the ideological level，So from the 1980s，Bet365 lotto review Ze devoted great efforts to study Tang Dynasty literature and Chinese literature as a whole from the relationship between Buddhist culture and literature。As research progresses，He published a series of important academic papers on the relationship between Buddhism and literature，Such as "Wang Wei's Poetry Creation and Buddhist Belief" ("Literary Heritage" Issue 2, 1981)、"The Ancient Prose Movement and Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty" ("Literary Heritage" Issue 3, 1982)、"Research on the Influence of Buddhism in Chinese Classical Literature" ("Literary Heritage" Issue 4, 1987)) etc.。These papers have basically established his expert and authoritative status in the study of the relationship between Buddhist culture and ancient literature。But he is still not satisfied with the existing results，He also spent more effort to thoroughly understand the Buddhist scriptures，To further study the relationship between Buddhist culture and Chinese literature。

1983，The Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences held a Buddhist workshop，Mainly invite older generation Buddhist scholars (mainly Huang Xinchuan、Wu Baihui、Yu Yu and other famous Buddhist experts) teach young and middle-aged Buddhist scholars and college teachers。When Bet365 lotto review heard the news，The class is halfway through，But he still actively signed up to attend the class。This class starts every Saturday at 8:30 am，There was no high-speed rail between Beijing and Tianjin at that time，The express train also takes more than two hours。The day of the lecture，The 46-year-old Bet365 lotto review needs to catch the earliest bus to Tianjin Station at around 5 a.m.，Catch the earliest train。After getting off at Beijing Station after eight o'clock，He needs to run quickly to the classroom of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences at Jianguomen，Only in order not to be late。In class，Bet365 lotto review mainly listened to the modern Buddhist master Ouyang Jing, but he had no disciples、The Theory of Entering into Righteousness due to Ming and The Theory of Understanding the Cause of One Hundred Dharmas taught by Mr. Yu Yu, who is proficient in the knowledge-based study of Dharma and Appearance。This study opened Bet365 lotto review’s horizons，Great harvest，He believes that it was Mr. Yu Yu’s teachings and guidance that made him truly enter the gate of Buddhism。This is especially reflected in two aspects: First, the focus of studying Buddhism and Buddhist academics should be on accurately understanding the concepts of Buddhism；The second is to pay attention to the division of Buddhist sects and the basic content of their teachings、Basic knowledge such as features。Although I have not studied with Mr. Yu Yu for a long time，But Mr. Yu really gives guidance，The mentor who led Bet365 lotto review to learn the right path and introduction to Buddhism。This learning process also fully reflects Bet365 lotto review’s diligent pursuit、The never-ending spirit of learning。

It can be said，This workshop is a turning point for Bet365 lotto review in his research on the relationship between Buddhist culture and literature，This formed its own independent Buddhist attitude and academic philosophy: first, taking Buddhism as an object of academic research，Instead of believing in a practical religious belief；The second is to always regard the Sinicization of Buddhism as the bottom line and foundation for the study of the relationship between Buddhist culture and literature。Start from here，Bet365 lotto review published a large number of research treatises on Buddhism and Chinese literature，Pushing the study of Buddhist culture and Chinese literature to a climax。

Bet365 lotto review started from the popular research of Chinese Buddhist literature and culture，In an overall summary of Buddhist culture、After sorting and describing，Expand the research horizons more broadly。"Vimalakirti and Guanyin in Chinese Literature" is Bet365 lotto review's earlier research result on Buddhist culture and Chinese literature，He captured Vimalakirti and Guanyin, the two most influential figures in Mahayana Buddhism、The most famous、Accept the most universal Bodhisattva，From the unique perspective of people’s beliefs，Summary and sort out the two interrelated and different Buddhist belief systems of Chinese scholar-official Buddhism and secular Buddhism，Laid an important and pioneering cornerstone for the academic study of Chinese Buddhism and literature。

In addition to a general description of the relationship between Buddhism and Chinese literature，Another core academic thought of Bet365 lotto review is to explore the interactive relationship between Zen thought and ancient literature。He is the first scholar in China to propose the concept of "Zen literature"，A new evaluation of the influence of Zen Buddhism。"Meditation and Poetry" (Zhonghua Book Company 1997 edition，2006 updated edition) is an example of the in-depth development of Bet365 lotto review’s research on Buddhism and Chinese literature。“Zen Si” refers to the history of Zen Buddhism from Dongshan Dharma Gate to Southern Zen Buddhism、Hongzhou Zen、The evolution of Fen Deng Zen’s thoughts，"Poetry" refers to the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in the history of poetry、Poetry of the Middle Tang Dynasty、Poetry from the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties、The literary evolution of poetry in the Northern Song Dynasty。Bet365 lotto review analyzed a large number of cases，Discuss and explain the relationship between the history of Zen and poetry、The interactive logical connection between thoughts and emotions，Then discover and summarize the organic connection between Buddhism and literature。The book has a novel angle，Careful and in-depth argumentation，It is a major achievement in academic research on Buddhism and literature。Professor Ma Benteng of the National Academy of Administration believes: “Bet365 lotto review’s contribution to the development of Chinese Zen，The development of Zen literature，Zen versus poetry、‘Describe’ the poet’s influence in three aspects，These issues seem to have been touched upon by many people，But Mr. Sun’s research and discussion are profound，Unseen by others，More convincing。”

thereafter，Bet365 lotto review has not stopped studying Buddhism。After nearly 30 years of diligent research，Bet365 lotto review has a deeper understanding and understanding of the role and status of Buddhism in the inheritance and development of Chinese culture。2010，The five-volume version of Huang Huang’s 1.8 million-word masterpiece "History of Chinese Buddhist Culture" is released，This series of books is the culmination of Bet365 lotto review’s in-depth research on Chinese Buddhist culture over the years。

In Bet365 lotto review’s view，The reason why Chinese Buddhist culture should be systematically studied as an independent whole，Of course it is because Buddhism has been interacting with Chinese culture for a long time、On the basis of mutual integration，Gradually forming a Chinese Buddhist culture with a large body and a refined mind，And constitute one of the three pillars of Chinese cultural tradition。A more important reason is that although faith is the core of religion，But in the Chinese tradition with strong rational spirit and humanistic concepts，Buddhist culture itself has transcended the meaning of pure faith，Acquired independent value and meaning。Based on such a well-thought-out cultural belief，Bet365 lotto review put forward an insightful point of view: "The core and characteristics of Chinese Buddhism are not at the level of belief，But it lies in its cultural aspect。”This profound conclusion from a high position，Accurately summarize the entire basis of the book’s argument，What’s more important，It helps people correctly understand the status and role of Chinese Buddhism in Chinese culture，Provides an unprecedented scientific perspective，And elevate the academic study of Buddhist culture to a new stage。

　　When everything comes naturally, Bet365 lotto review will be like a fish in water

As one of the leaders of the ice-breaking team in the study of Chinese Buddhist culture and literature since the 1980s，Bet365 lotto review’s outstanding contributions in this field are recognized by the academic community；At the same time, he is also able to dialogue with international colleagues，is one of the few outstanding Chinese scholars in the field of Sinology in the world。

The difficult environment tempered Bet365 lotto review’s perseverance，It further strengthened his academic attitude of seeking knowledge。In many years of academic research，He deeply realizes that to do academic research well, one must master foreign languages ​​proficiently，This can not only better communicate with foreign colleagues，It can also promote Chinese academic “going out”。Over the years，Bet365 lotto review has always attached great importance to foreign language learning，Based on his early proficiency in conversational reading and translation in Russian，I taught myself English and Japanese (read and translate)。Hard study and accumulation of foreign languages，Enabled him to communicate with foreign colleagues like a fish in water in academic research，Become an outstanding international scholar。

Opportunity is a gift for those who are prepared。Foreign languages ​​have given Bet365 lotto review the wings to soar in the academic sky，Enable him to fly freely in the international academic world。1984，Bet365 lotto review is a professor at a Chinese university，Go to Japan to teach at Kobe University，Returned to China after completing his study tour in 1986。Two years，In addition to Bet365 lotto review’s normal teaching work，With his solid academic accumulation and foreign language ability，Opens the door to exchanges with international academic colleagues。In the meantime，He is not only related to international sinology、Academic exchanges with foreign academic colleagues in the field of Chinese studies，Meet many international colleagues，Establish extensive international academic connections，And has participated in many important international academic exchange activities on behalf of the Chinese academic community，Making important contributions to Chinese academics, especially the international dissemination of Chinese Buddhist culture and Chinese literature。

Not only that，Bet365 lotto review also spared no effort to provide a lot of help for domestic scholars’ foreign academic exchanges，Promoted many foreign academic exchanges for Chinese students and scholars。1993，Bet365 lotto review was invited to teach at Yeongnam University in South Korea，Received high praise。1995，Korea University invited him to teach there。After Bet365 lotto review communicated with the school，He actually gave this opportunity to the author，The author was fortunate enough to teach in the Chinese Department of Korea University in South Korea for one year。According to the current Vice Chairman of the Buddhist Association of China、Introduced by Zhan Ru, Professor of the Department of Eastern Languages ​​and Literatures at Peking University，Before he went to study in Japan in the 1990s，Made a special trip to visit Bet365 lotto review。Mr. Sun introduced many Japanese sinology scholars to him，Especially an important expert in the field of Buddhist studies，Provided very important help for Zhanru’s study and exchange in Japan。

The author and Bet365 lotto review have known each other for more than 30 years，Based on the author’s understanding of him，About 70 years of life from the 1950s to today，In addition to academics, Mr. Bet365 lotto review，It seems like nothing has been done。He has almost no other hobbies，Lack even basic self-care ability。1993，When invited to teach at Yeongnam University in South Korea，Because Mr. Sun can’t cook，No one takes care of your life，The school had no choice but to send someone to take charge of Mr. Sun’s food and daily life。Taste this pain，The school will soon urgently handle the matter of Bet365 lotto review’s wife, Teacher Gao, going to South Korea，This solves the problem。

As the saying goes, “If you give something, you get something”，Bet365 lotto review’s “giving up” in other aspects，In exchange, it is an amazing "gain" in the academic field。“Perseverance，Gold and stone can be carved" is an accurate summary and true portrayal of Mr. Bet365 lotto review's academic life。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of Liberal Arts, Nankai Bet365 lotto review)