In the study of the sources of civilization in the regional civilization of the Chinese archeological community in recent years，Taking "What" as the prefix、The expression of the regional name is frequently visible。This kind of "He Yi Yi XX" is first seen in Chen Xingcan's book review "He Yizhong Plains" ("Reading", No. 5, 2005)，The central topic of this article is: why the earliest Xia Shang Dynasty in history produced in the Central Plains，referred to as "why to the Central Plains"。After that，Xu Hong puts the forefront "China" in front of "China"，It aims to explore the birth of the earliest "China" (Xu Hong "Why China"，Sanlian Bookstore 2014 edition)，that is。

After "Why is China"，"Why" was "replicated and pasted" by many archeological researchers to their respective attention areas。The connotation of these titles，In simple terms，It is the source of regional civilization，Reconstruction of the historical process of regional。For example，"Why Liangzhu", "How to Fujian", "Why Jinnan", "Heyou Guangzhou", etc.，Even spilling to the relevant public domain，Even an ordinary Italian theme exhibition has been crowned "Why"。

I am unique，In the field of neighborhoods in archeology，In recent years, there is also a very popular discourse- "Take ×× as the method"。The recent impressive is undoubtedly Xiang Duo's "method of yourself as a method" (Xiang Bi、Wu Qi "Taking yourself as a method -talk to Xiang Du"，Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House 2020)。Xiang Biao thinks，Questioning personal experience is an important method，Drawing your own experience，is a specific start of understanding the world。In the set of words "×× as a method"，Xiang Biao's "Take yourself as a method" is relatively belonging to a "exception"。As Wang Mingming said，"××" is probably the area of ​​the object of history and social science research，Large scale to Asia or China，Small to domestic areas，Recently it even reduced to "self" (why "" "" "" Homeland "becomes a method?"，"Open Times" 2021, No. 1)。One time，It seems that "everything can be used as a method"。

bet365 best casino games "As a method", the expression of the Chinese researchers in Japan, Takeuchi Koho，In a lecture entitled "Asia as a method"，Roughly proposed "as a method，It is the process formed as the main body "(Takeuchi is good、Xiong Wenti translated "As Asia as the Method"，"Human Thought" No. 4)。and the "China"，Then I hope to change the previous world (that is, Europe and the United States) as the method、Research paradigm for the purpose of China (analysis object)，On behalf of "China Method ... For the purpose of the world"。

Researchers regard the area as the method，Disposal ideological resources from these large or small areas、Historical experience，Question、Special is common。Wang Mingming recently further transformed the "area" into "home"。He said: "Whether it is Asia、China，Still Lingnan，Or itself，All are local and special，In addition to ‘yourself’，All equal to the ‘home“ home ”。”

Let these small soil，"Homeland" to the world becomes a method，The premise is to first figure out what kind of "home" is like? What kind of life course has you experienced?。"Why ××" and "×× as a method" can be described as "concept is not lonely，There is always a neighbor "，The same high frequency use，The same research is related to regional research，Therefore, you can read it for a while。

■ Erlitouxia Site Museum Collection Erlitou Milk Nail Bronze Picture Source: CFP

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Since the 1980s，Regional research is full of wind。Based on different definitions of the area，A regional research of different sizes。There are a large number of regional research with their own discipline style in different discipline fields。No matter which field，First of all, the area is divided according to certain standards，For example, according to the administrative division、Mountains direction、Jianghe Basin、Market Network、Humanistic style to divide (Song Yuanqiang's "New Progress in the Research on Regional Social and Economic History"，"History Research" 1988, No. 3)。The area can be as broad as a large geographical unit，Including multiple countries, as well as，For example, ringing China Sea、Southeast Asia; can also be as small as a country，Even a city and towns and villages。

Regional studies are from specific regions。Each specific area object that is studied occupies a certain space，Gradually bet365 best casino games develop in historical time、accumulation，to form a certain regional historical tradition。For example，Bro Every is explaining the "Economic World"，I believe that the economy world occupies a certain area，and have a certain limit。In the field of economic history，Shi Jianya's regional system theory divides the ancient Chinese urban system into eight regions，It has a great impact on regional research and urban history in China。

Archaeological field can better reflect partition research。Su Bingqi proposed the "area in the prehistoric cultural area of ​​China in 1981、Department、Type "concept，Comprehensive summary of China's Neolithic and some bronze culture，Proposed "Yishan North and South、The Great Wall Zone is the north with the focus of the focus; the east centered on Shandong; Guanzhong (Shaanxi)、Jinnan、Central Plains centered on western Henan; southeast centered on Taihu Lake; southwestern parts centered on Huandong Ting Lake and Sichuan Basin; the six major areas with Poyang Lake -Pearl River Delta as the south of the axis "divided (Su Bingqi、Yin Weizhen's "Type Types of Archaeological Culture"，"Cultural Relics", No. 5, 1981)。

■ Shanghai Museum Tibetan Culture God, Beast Facial Jade Prefecture Picture Source: CFP

　Special is normal

Each area is specific、Special，contains many "local knowledge"。"Why ××" research is exposing these local knowledge。This kind of research is usually a long period of time。Take Liangzhu Culture as an example，The research of her in the archeological community，It's not just Liangzhu itself，Instead, it starts from the Majiabang culture 7000 years ago，Pay special attention to the transition of Songze Culture to Liangzhu Culture。The Central Plains area is even more like，Discussion of "What is the Central Plains"，You need to go back to the Neolithic era，How to form the trend centered on the Central Plains。

So，How can "local knowledge" be a way? It is bound to "specialize in common"，Find a bridge between local details and universal macroes，to surpass local knowledge。For example，All are the central area (or transition belt)，A central area (or transition zone) social process mode for the study of the social process of the central area (or transition belt)，Is there any reference value at the methodology level。If there is，Then bet365 live casino games "use ×× as the method" can be established。

Liangzhu culture can specify this，Archaeological community thinks，Liangzhu Culture has evidenced by 5,000 years of civilization for more than 5,000 years of China。According to the three elements of civilization, the definition of "civilization"，There is no metallurgical technique in Liangzhu culture，The trading symbol discovered as a text is also very controversial。But，The Chinese Civilization Source Project is combined with the civilized social standards proposed by archeological discovery of the ancient city of Liangzhu and other regions: First, the development of production、Population increase、City; the second is social division of labor、Class differentiation、Class appears; third, kingship and state。In this sense，Liangzhu is a specific case，But the discovery and local knowledge of Liangzhu's discovery and local knowledge have been "universalized" as a certain standard，Therefore Liangzhu can be used as a method，Promoting the problem -based "Hey Liangzhu"。

　　Method's relativity

The "method of China" in Doukou Xiong three lies in exploring the formation process of China as the main body，To gain objective knowledge。Here，China is one yuan in the "world"。Doukou Xiong three intentions to deconstruct the inertia thinking of "equating the world with Europe (West)" through the "diverse world"。Who can be a method，Is it relative rather than absolute。If you put it in Chinese internal academic research，In the archaeological community，According to the concept of "using ×× as the method"，It can be used as a method for a long time，Calculation of the Central Plains area。

until the 1980s，The mainstream view is still the center of the origin of the Central Plains as the origin of Chinese civilization。Inside China，Central Plains is used as method，The entire China is comparable to "World" (World)，It is the purpose，The so -called "Rugging Central Plains，To determine the Dingtianxia "。Also because of this，Chen Xingcan first proposed "Why to the Central Plains"。What is the connotation of "Method of the Central Plains"? Li Boqian once said, "Do this here、Archeology of this period，It is necessary to consider how to link with the Central Plains，How to communicate with culture，How to integrate bet365 best casino games Chinese civilization。”

Indeed，No region is completely independent and isolated，They are always as surrounding areas，Especially in the Central Plains region or tight or loose、or active or passive contact。For the surrounding areas，The Central Plains area is a reference system。The culture of the Central Plains region has expanded to the surrounding area，At the same time, it also draws the factors that you lack from local culture，Promote each other in the process of expanding forces，Local culture is gradually integrated，In regional interaction，The influence from the Central Plains lives in the dominant position。With the spread of advanced culture of the Central Plains，Tribes in other regions have begun to adopt the etiquette system of the Central Plains dynasty as the integration of society，To regulate the level of society and maintain the normal operation of society。This can be described as the standard of the Central Plains as the standard。

With Su Bingqi's "Full Sky Fighting" theory，"Central Plains Center" theory gradually micro。Su's "Area、Department、Types "Starting as a method，Guide the practice of civilization origin in multiple regions。"Ancient Culture summarized from the local area、Ancient City、Ancient Country "mode is also used as a method，Social process research applied to several regions。It is also in the context of a diverse origin，A series of "Why XX" appeared like a bamboo shoot after the rain。The positiveness of this formation is the diverse theory of the diverse theory it undertakes，To understand the world represented by China，That is, for the purpose of China，Can't just take the Central Plains as the method，Instead, "multiple" as the method，Taking "decomposition" as a means，Rebuilding and understanding a higher level of Chinese map。

Prove to the facts，With more and more new archaeological discoveries, they are recognized，New regional mode and methods to overwhelm，Ru Liangzhu、Hongshan、Shi Ji and other sites，All presents a unique cultural appearance and full cultural subjectivity，There is a new model that has potential to become different from Central Plains、New method。Li Boqian once fought against Hongshan、Liangzhu、Jade Buried by the big tomb of Yangshao for observation，There are two modes of the evolution of ancient bet365 best casino games Chinese civilization (Li Boqian's "two models of the evolution of ancient Chinese civilization -Hongshan、Liangzhu、Yangshao Great Tomb Buried Jade Ware Observation "，"Cultural Relics", No. 3, 2009)。

　　The scope of the method of method

From this we know，Ask a few more "Why ××"，That is, "multiple methods of diversity rather than a single method" are very necessary。Of course，"Why ××" and "×× as the method" also have a discussions。For the current two forms of the current two forms of flood，There are two problems worth thinking about。

First，If all areas or characters can be crowned "Why"，Its "homeland" that explains at most indicates the right to study。But actually affected by various factors，Differences and differences between regions or characters are objective existence。"Why is the Central Plains" who wants to explore why the earliest Xia Shang Dynasty in history was produced in the Central Plains? Obviously，Not all "He Yi XX" has this meaning。Correspondingly，Not all areas can be used as methods。

Second，6274_6301。For example, "Ancient Country、Fang Guo、Empire "mode can be seen in all areas。Wu Chunming mentioned it when discussing the origin and social development of the central Fujian region，The origin of civilization origin "Full of Heaven Dou" said after it was proposed，A big "competition" upstream contest between a huge area kicked off，Research on cultural diversity and civilized diversification to extreme，Bigfan Bianye also requires finding superior positions in the early Chinese civilization "Star Fighting" and the "civilized spark" synchronized with Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty (Wu Chunming's "Southeast of the Empire -Southeast of the Empire -the origin and the origin and the origin of the country in the central Fujian region and the origin and the origin of the country in the central area of ​​the Fujian region and Preliminary Research on Development，Emperor Oriental Archaeological Research Center "Oriental Archeology" Episode 2，Science Press 2006 edition)。

Back to the beginning，Takeku in the lecture of "As Asia as a Method"，Roughly proposed "as a method，is the process formed as the main body "。This main body refers to the political subject、Cultural subject and regional subject。The process of exploring the subject formation，It is precisely bet365 live casino games the process of "why ××"。"Why ××" and "×× as the method" as a "ideal" research perspective is quite meaningful。They reflect people、object、Different standards such as areas are given the right to research。According to historical materials，It reflects the expansion of historical materials and research objects。Whether a variety of subjects can be used as methods，It is related to the universal connotation and potential of the "subjectivity" and "uniqueness" of the subject，That is, they have the potential of "extension and universal"。When the researcher intends to use the new area as a method，Actually, it also reflects the resources that can be drawn from this area to produce new public issues and research fields，The center of gravity of a certain type of gravity will be implemented accordingly。

　　(This article is the major project of the National Social Science Foundation "Research on Social Complexation in the Yangtze River and the Research on Central Plainsization Process" (20&ZD247) Staged results)

(Author Unit: Department of Culture from Nanjing Normal University)