Organization of labor cooperation and labor process with the development of the economic form of the digital platform，Gradually show disruptive changes，Specific manifestations as two characteristics: the spy of labor socialization brought about by the increasing marginal income of the network economy。The relationship between "living labor" - "dead labor" changes from the binary interconnection structure from the dual opposition to the "man -machine"，The closed boundary of the production link is gradually broken，Start in the field of social connection to public products or services。This scattered process is no longer a task for workers in a certain link in a single part of the labor process.，Instead, the remaining value of the entire production part of the production of the workers involved in each dimension。So，Analysis of labor collaboration form and surplus value formation process from the dimension of political economy under the dimension of political economy，Need to go deep into the change of contemporary capitalist production relations.，This is both the inherent needs of Marxist political economy development，It is also a request for the study of contemporary problems guided by the historical materialism.。

　　bet365 live casino games

Platform mode and big data technology in the rapid development of contemporary，This brings changes in division of labor and collaboration and the change of labor combination，This has also become an important theoretical entrance to the development of capitalist production relations in the platform economy era。Connection of the digital platform ecosystem，Capital ensures that the implementation of labor socialized and high -priced and low -priced realization is ensured in the broader global labor market。

The prevalence of the digital platform breaks the hierarchical structure system of the traditional section system，Gradually formed a connection method of deep interconnection and non -organizationalization，A new structural features appear -octopus -type hierarchical structure。But，This structural system control logic is not formed by forming a device through field resonance，Instead。This method reduces the cost and information consumption of traditional junior system communication and communication costs，Direct contacts that can realize bet365 Play online games the management system and information feedback。And algorithm adjustment becomes the core of the platform operation，Is "invisible hand" in the platform mode，It regulates the formation of all interpersonal relationships。

If you use the concept of the "tuber" of Dellerz and Gatille to depict the distribution formula、Decentralized Internet，The platform can be metaphorical as a giant octopus，It can integrate the entire distributed network as the core part of the core joint node of the super -strong node，No need to rely on the traditional hierarchical structure (such as Taylor system and Ford)，The effect of directly managing group activities and reaching the intensity of information。This management method is set to set the game rules (including labor systems and market rules) and the introduction of intelligent monitoring systems，Create a centralized ecological network，Finally, a more concentrated capitalist monopoly method was formed。

　　"Labor work on demand": The change of labor production of the platform structure

System central contraction and commercial coverage expansion，Deeply changed the labor process and social structure。To ensure that the stability and sustainability of labor can be obtained from the market，The current labor process has been divided into many simple labor tasks，and exchange in the labor market with differentiated subcontracting。This split process is to avoid the affiliation relationship of maintaining labor，At the same time, it can still ensure the reasonable stability of market exchange。This phenomenon can be regarded as the contemporary extreme expression of the "local worker" phenomenon discussed by Marx in "Capital"。Although the on -demand labor and zero workers connected by the digital platform enterprise are similar in specific labor and workers，But it does not mean that they are essentially consistent with the labor in the 19th century social history。As the most basic labor relationship and core labor process as the production process，They have produced a change of change。When the scale economy cannot break through the boundary of the relatively surplus value production through effective management and collaboration，When machine applications cannot break through the benefit boundary of the scale economy，Organization of labor (division of labor、Collaborative、Delivery intermediary connection) It is bound to be adjusted。This is one of the reasons why the digital platform popularizes outsourcing bet365 live casino games organizations，Allocation of labor on demand becomes the main trend。

The way to surpass the economy is the ecological network through the digital platform，A complete chain in the labor supply market in the world。This method is not limited by large -scale economic boundaries，Can be efficient、Labor organization、Coordinated social construction。This process is similar to the "de -skills" and "de -qualification"。single、Diversified labor reduces the professional standards of technical skills and the hard requirements of the technical conditions of employment，Expanded areas of social participation，It has also expanded the supply resources of the "Industry Reserve Army"。Relationship between the workers and the intermediary platform or the demand side，There is legal fuzzyness，Neither labor affordable relationship nor formal contractual relationship。The key to this problem is，The emergence of the on -demand platform has caused the socialization trend of factories that is opposite to the trend of social factorization advocated by the traditional factory model。In the coordination of the labor process，Labor dispersion and accompanied by the decoupling of the right of labor products。The situation of labor scattered reflects the strengthening of the socialization level of production，It also reflects the new trend of the concept of "the contact of the header" in the digital age。

division of labor、Collaborative、The transformation of the combination of labor and the impact of zero labor on social configuration are the key to explaining the development of capitalist production relations in the platform of the platform。So，We need to build a new critical theoretical system，To explore the impact of the society (on -demand) in today's platform mode (on demand), the impact of zero workers' labor on society。At present, new technologies such as big data are changing the structure of the world，This includes labor and other human activities。Many divisions in the traditional world have begun to reverse and eliminate，Production activities are increasingly spreading to life context and gap。

other，A large number of activities that were not related to production (including leisure、Entertainment and Self -Development, etc.) also began to have the characteristics of production。First because the production and contact methods of today's society need to rely on data production and exchange links based on big data and artificial intelligence，These links play a leading role in Bet365 lotto review production and contact。At the same time，Data production and collection have also been included in a part of public product production。Second, because the differentiated labor graphs interweave and connect，The production form of material commodities is often integrated with intangible labor form，Sharing or partial sharing public platform services also appeared。The relationship between "living labor" and "dead work" is no longer a binary opposition，but the interaction between people and machines。The closed border of the production process is broken，Public products or services that are converted to the society。The task that undertakes the surplus value is transformed into workers with all dimensions to participate in the entire production link，So as to create the remaining value。One of the capital absorption characteristics of the digital technology platform era is the overall absorption of social relations and publicity production。

　　Sales: The essential attribute of the surplus value of the platform

The characteristics of the platform ecological network in an all -round way、Based on the special form of the labor division of labor and collaboration of the platform，Analysis of the process of residual value production in the structure of the platform architecture is the key basis in the analysis of the theory of modern labor value。

The theoretical basis of Marx's labor value theory is，Create new value for living labor，Material form of the machine as the material form that carries the past labor ("dead labor")，It has a value transfer effect in the labor process。But，With the continuous progress of digitalization and artificial intelligence technology，​​This dual -opposite relationship is no longer continued。Taking the above -demand digital platform as an example，Their operating mechanism is the external program connected by the platform's "application programming interface" (referred to as API) to realize the matching of professional talents，Therefore, the search cost is reduced to both parties、Improving transaction efficiency。Different from the situation of "machine substitution" with the era of machinery industry，The direct connection of this labor process is a digital facilities controlled by individuals (such as smartphones、Smart Computer, etc.) and digital operating systems and software programs support。

From the perspective of capital organic composition，It is reflected as the constant capital department that is usually not produced and developed by the capital owner，Instead, it is put Bet365 app download into social public space in a special form of shared goods or services，Although some software programs formulate a charging service mode，But this is very small compared to the constant capital expenditure of traditional manufacturing expenses in fixed capital and raw material purchase。Adjustment of this connection method，The production line is no longer closed，Establishing contacts in many aspects of enterprises and society，The economic chain is restructured，The organic composition of capital and the ownership of the privatization of the capitalist also changed。Platform as a subject that affects the operation of macroeconomics，Its statutory responsibility is decoupled with the labor process，Only play the role of control and maintenance。So，To analyze the social structure model with the scope of labor，It is not comprehensive enough to pay attention to the platform or user (including the workers and the workers)。Wallestan thinks，Must analyze the entire capitalist world system in accordance with the "division of labor of the axis"，The same logic is also applicable to analyzing the overall structure of labor。

On the one hand，Many software programs have obtained a large number of user data on public digital platforms that are profitable and non -profit.，used to process and use; on the other hand，The fragmentation of human labor is also subdivided through the connection of these software programs as continuity。This trend has changed the "dead labor" in the large industrial model of the machine- "live labor"、Machine -Simple opposition between workers，Constructing a complex and diverse relationship between the two parties at a wider level。Some areas can reduce "living labor"，But it will involve more other spaces and fields。At the same time, under the influence of constant capital，"Live Labor" should also be adapted to the social connection reflected in public products or services，This has changed the way of reproduction of labor for labor。

Therefore，It is no longer a task for workers in a certain link in a single labor process，Instead, the remaining value of the entire production part of the production of the workers involved in each dimension。With the socialization of the labor process and the rise of the concept of "overall workers"，The links of creating surplus value have also become more decentralized。This is related to the breakthrough of the social production boundary in the post -Ford era，The field of capital proliferation spreads to the intangible field，If corporate risk control bet365 best casino games and workplace interpersonal relationship construction。With the division of labor and professionalization, the process of reproduction of the entire society，You need to look at "living labor" from a wider critical vision。Because of the breadth and depth of the social connection that it involves it，This is also the source of excess production surplus。It can be said，Publicity provides service organizations and connection guarantees for intelligent production。

Geographical expansion and unbalanced development of capital，It proves how the socialized relaxation of the labor process will cause the extension of the surplus value creation link，And this is the expansion of virtual space after encountering geographical space boundary limitations in the global market。Global labor outsourcing network system established by the platform，Not only does it effectively break the restrictions of geography and country，reduced the cost of commercial extension，It also makes full use of the difference in labor costs and different tax systems，to increase profit margin。The global industrial chain is continuously expanded，More and more countries and regions add them，Cheap labor costs help the landing of new liberal economic policies。At this time, the remaining value creation link and the capitalist production process do not need to be subject to a specific geographical location。

But，There is a significant difference in the expansion method and geographical space of this virtual space，The most important difference is that the stability is no longer exist。After the Internet digital connection is disconnected and replaced the large industrial social model dependent on regional location and fixed workers，The workers' consortium, which was originally based on organization identity and geographical attachment, also disappeared。The development of the zero -working platform has a dual trend: on the one hand，Capital is relatively labor -stronger，As a result, the existing labor relationship becomes unstable; on the other hand,，The disadvantaged groups of unusable countries benefit from the platform's connection to enter the globalization system，and improve the living environment。This trend contains the improvement of the living environment and the enhancement of the proletarian being exploited. This contradiction，Both of them are superimposed，At the same time, it also shows that changes in the characteristics of new industries and changes in new labor methods may。

bet365 best casino games Dialectical materialism and historical materialism are the main methodology of analyzing the characteristics of contemporary capitalism in detail。New phenomenon of the emergence of platform capitalism in the platform，We can't just use economic phenomena as the identification standard for "outdated" the theory of Marxist political economy，It can not only start from the perspective of abstract theoretical construction，Ignore the substantial change of economic phenomena，Only narrative general conclusions and lack of detailed explanations of real contradictions。Research Platform Economic Age needs to consider the evolution of capitalist production relations、division of labor、Changes in the form of collaboration and labor binding，Also pay attention to the change of the labor connection method to promote the socialist society，and the social spread of the surplus value creation process。

　　(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Nanjing Normal University)