Lenin’s Category Definition Based on Marx’s Critique of Political Economy，Understand the economic essence of imperialism as monopoly，Because monopoly is based on free competition，And grow from free competition。Free competition is the highest of private ownership、The most developed and final form of existence，Eliminate small monopolies based on natural connections，And be freer with comprehensive social connections between people、Prerequisite for functioning more generally，Established a fundamental monopoly on material production conditions。Therefore，Free competition will inevitably turn into the substantive opposition of monopoly，In other words, the coexistence of free competition and monopoly constitutes the most profound private ownership bet365 voucher means of production in capitalism、The most fundamental contradiction。Russian scholars in the 21st century continue the critical path of Lenin’s theory of imperialism，The astonishing restoration of monopoly based on competitive force as a special law of capitalist economic movement，Analysis bet365 voucher deep structural contradictions of imperialism in the 21st century and the conditions for its transformation into its opposite，Revealing the monopoly nature and crisis trend bet365 voucher neoliberal global order from the critical perspective of political economy。

　　Competition Enforcement and Monopoly: How to Realize the Inherent Trend of bet365 voucher

Elucidate the basic laws of capitalist competition and the downward trend of average profit rates，It is Marx who examines the bet365 voucher movement process as a whole、The necessary prerequisite to reveal the materialized nature and mystery of the reproduction of capitalist production relations。In Marx’s view，The basic laws of capitalist competition and their mode of operation need to be clarified in the specific material production conditions and corresponding communication relationships，Capitalist production based on exchange value，It is through free competition that everyone becomes the independent force and material means to realize their private interests，“Only with the development of free competition，The inherent laws of bet365 voucher - these laws only manifest themselves as tendencies in the historical preparatory stage of the development of bet365 voucher - are established as laws"。

In order to overcome the category confusion caused by the limitation of classical economics to the external connection between competition and regulation of supply and demand relations and market price changes，Marx through the dialectical movement of “bet365 voucher in general” and “many capitals”，Reveal the inherent laws of capitalist production hidden behind the illusion of competition and how to achieve them。“bet365 voucher in general” as the intrinsic nature or abstract form of bet365 voucher，Potentially contains the inevitable trend of differentiation into many capitals；The real movement or actual process of the interaction of "many capitals"，It is based on a certain degree of competition development and the actual existence of production prices，The internal tendency of bet365 voucher to expand itself is forced through competition to become the external necessity of individual capitals。Individual bet365 voucher is only a part of the total social bet365 voucher，And evenly distribute the total surplus value extracted by the total social bet365 voucher according to its proportion。However, a certain division ratio depends entirely on the contingency of competitive force，The common concept based on the equalization of profits，The most direct manifestation is individual capitalists、The most natural motivation for behavior。

In the averaging trend of the general law of profit rate，Many individual capitals repel and attract each other，“The essence of bet365 voucher—which will be explained in more detail when considering competition—is that it excludes itself，That is, many capitals that are completely indifferent to each other”。The interaction of many capitals and the production relations and communication relations determined by bet365 voucher，Inevitable bankruptcy of small bet365 voucher、The accumulation and concentration of large bet365 voucher，And the polarization trend towards the opposite of free competition, that is, monopoly。Lenin’s theory of imperialism embodied many competitive laws of bet365 voucher interaction in the world political and economic system at the beginning of the 20th century，Analysis of the complex international relations and multiple contradictions in which competitive national bet365 voucher carves up the world market。

Classical economics does not examine capitalist private ownership or private property monopoly，Regard free competition as the fundamental driving force for realizing private interests and wealth growth，Uncritically regard freedom of competition as an absolute prerequisite for other economic laws。Neoliberalism is not just a theoretical continuation of classical economics，It also constitutes the theoretical basis and strategic proposition bet365 voucher institutional framework of globalization from Fordism-Keynesianism to post-Fordism-post-Keynesianism in the 1970s。Buzgarin、Contemporary Russian left-wing scholars such as Kolganov believe，Restore the critical logic of Lenin’s theory of imperialism regarding the transformation of free competition into its own opposite，It is of fundamental methodological significance for grasping the monopoly nature of new imperialism and its transformation trend in the 21st century。

Buzgarin thinks，With the comprehensive development of bet365 voucher internationalization，People of all countries are involved in the world market，The way in which international trade and international division of labor are increasingly subordinated to the realization of the inherent trends of bet365 voucher in the actual process of free competition，In the principles of liberal economics of comparative advantage and optimal allocation of resources，The exploitative nature of globalization as the reproduction of capitalist production relations has been obscured。When "the international movement of bet365 voucher moves from the past circulation field to the production field，Realized the internationalization of the entire social reproduction process，That is, the past bet365 voucher production process is at home and the circulation process is abroad (raw material purchase and product sales abroad，Production and processing in the country)，Develop into bet365 voucher to carry out the production process and circulation process throughout the world、The proliferation and realization process of value as well as the circulation and turnover process of various functional forms of bet365 voucher”。

Economic globalization dominated by the reproduction of capitalist production relations is increasingly manifesting itself as competitive freedom。In essence，The world market is not completely open as neoliberalism advocates、The realm of freedom and equality，Free competition based on the world market and reality，Must be grasped as a means by which the capitalist mode of production implements itself，The contradiction between private ownership of capitalist means of production and socialized production。The unbalanced development and structural conflicts bet365 voucher neoliberal global order are manifested as，On the one hand，Capitalist monopoly alliance through technological monopoly、Financial Monopoly、Rule monopoly、Military monopoly competes for transnational monopoly profits，Social progress in most countries has stagnated；On the other hand，The development of globalization and socialization trends，Creating anti-system forces that grow simultaneously with the global monopoly order。

　　The monopolistic nature bet365 voucher neoliberal global order and its transformation trend

　After the 2008 global financial crisis，The world economy is in recession。With the slowdown of globalization，Intensified contradictions within the capitalist world system、The rise of protectionism，The economic security of some countries and regions has been undermined。Contemporary Russian left-wing scholars describe the anti-globalization trend demonstrated in the 21st century，Understood as the result of the profound expansion of imperialist contradictions on a global scale，Considering that deglobalization is not an accidental state of the world’s economic transformation，It is a process consistent with the cyclical nature of globalization，That is, the systematic cyclical changes in the technical order and bet365 voucher accumulation described by Giovanni Arrighi。

The further development of financial monopoly capitalism in the neoliberal globalization stage has led to the regression of social economy and political ideology，The monopoly nature and transformation trend of the global order are revealed。On the one hand，The globalized production system is subject to the power of financial monopoly bet365 voucher，Intensifying political-economic conflicts and historical retrogression within the world system。On the other hand，The degree of socialization of production continues to increase，The transitional trend from the "Kingdom of Necessity" to the "Kingdom of Freedom" develops with the latent elements of socialism。

Buzgarin divided the development trend of monopoly capitalism since the 20th century into the imperialist stage in the early 20th century、The social reformist stage after World War II、The neoliberal globalization stage after the 1970s。Each stage is a way to realize the inherent trend of bet365 voucher，Has a universal form of reproduction of capitalist production relations，At the same time, he went towards his own opposite in a negative way。In the dialectical movement of negation of negation，Neoliberal globalization is returning to its previous imperialist phase，The globalized production system is increasingly subordinated to the narrow rule of financial monopoly bet365 voucher。

Based on the above judgment，Buzgarin specifically analyzed the manifestations of contemporary monopoly capitalism and its transformation trends。First，The form of manipulation of public life by large corporations has further developed，From production、Assignment、Expand communication and consumption to interpersonal relationships、Culture、Education、Science and other fields。This has enabled the deep expansion of market-oriented principles in the social economy and daily life，Market liberalization is both extensive and totalitarian，Market participants are completely manipulated by large companies，Losing more and more economic freedom。Meanwhile，The atomization of market participants combines with a new form of competition，That is, monopoly companies pass sanctions、Taking openly hostile actions to suppress foreign competitors。Second，The production and sales of imitation goods continue to expand，And increasingly becoming the source of excess monopoly profits。Third，A corporate ecosystem is formed for the purpose of manipulating market participants (consumers, etc.)，Financialization in the 21st century manifests itself in the development of the field of speculation，Formed a financial ecosystem that dominates the real sector，Virtual financial bet365 voucher is above the economy and society。Fourth，The trend of desocialization is intensifying，The social foundation of the capitalist market economy continues to be dismantled，Even the capitalist production relations, that is, the relationship between wage labor and bet365 voucher, has been destroyed。Fifth，Geopolitical-economic conflicts continue to escalate。

The contemporary Russian Marxist critique of capitalism continues the ideological legacy of Soviet political economy to a certain extent，Considering the decadence of monopoly capitalism and socialization as parallel developments、Two internal trends, one ebbing and the other ebbing。Buzgarin emphasizes，More attention must be paid to another trend that goes hand in hand with the monopolistic nature of the global order，That is, the progress of socialization since the 20th century has promoted the development of socialist factors within capitalism，Destroys the formal subordination of labor to bet365 voucher。Trade unions representing the interests of workers have gained certain power to restrict bet365 voucher in the class struggle，The public sector led by state-owned bet365 voucher has assumed certain social and economic management functions，The formation of a redistribution mechanism that is conducive to wage labor and free education、Medical care and other social services。Development of productivity，Especially the progress of creative labor，Resulting in changes in labor content and employment forms。On the one hand，Strengthening the subordination of labor to bet365 voucher (precarious class)。On the other hand，For creative workers who are breaking away from machine dependency，Partial elimination of the actual subordination of labor to bet365 voucher，At the same time a new form of exploitation emerged，That is, rent-seeking not only for workers but for the entire human culture and intellectual creation。

The progress of socialization on a global scale was launched in the political and economic pattern created by the Soviet socialist revolution and the world socialist movement in the early 20th century，Developed capitalist countries are carrying out socialist-oriented social reforms under the pressure of the socialist left-wing movement，Socialization has become the only possible and effective means to strengthen and develop monopoly bet365 voucher，The formation of a new form of monopoly bet365 voucher，The development of socialization has also profoundly destroyed the exploitative basis for the reproduction of capitalist production relations。However，After entering the 1970s，The limited adjustment model that promotes the development of monopoly capitalism through socialization progress is constantly approaching its own limit，The socialist elements developed from within capitalism have increasingly become a shackle for monopoly bet365 voucher to seize excess profits，The negative way out to overcome the above contradictions within the boundaries of the capitalist social system is to restore monopoly。

In Buzgarin’s view，For the growing impasse of the neoliberal global order，Either seek qualitative changes in social relations in the direction of socialism，Either pre-capitalist elements supplement liberal capitalism，The major powers have taken steps to restore monopoly、Desocialization、Military plan，Even strengthen the role of military and political means in solving economic and social problems。The formation of a new imperialism in the geopolitical and economic fields，That is, the (semi-)peripheral and formally independent countries and regions are economically and politically subordinate to the central country as an alliance of monopoly bet365 voucher。Capitalism in the 21st century relies on non-economic means，That is, a regression to pre-capitalist geopolitics aimed at conquering territory through protectionism，New imperialism is not only divorced from free trade，And it is divorced from the socialization trend of jointly solving global problems facing mankind。Use geopolitics as a means to expand or maintain the dominance of central countries，At the expense of ideology、At the expense of culture and education，One of the consequences of this is the increasing emphasis on geopolitical issues in the social sciences，deviating from socioeconomic analysis and social class analysis。

　The restoration of capitalism toward monopoly in the 21st century，Fundamentally directly related to changes in the global production system。On the one hand，The hegemony of financial monopoly bet365 voucher dominates the neoliberal global order；On the other hand，The financialization of central countries provides space for the development of the real economy in (semi-)peripheral countries and regions，And gradually rise to the level of bet365 voucher competition with central countries on a global scale。Therefore，The latter turned to protectionist policies，Via Economy、Political (sanctions, etc.) and military means to defend its dominant position，Major players (countries) leading to the world economy、Multinational companies、NATO、Intensified conflicts between the International Monetary Fund, etc.，And turned to non-economic struggles。In Buzgarin’s opinion，Within the framework of financial monopoly capitalism，It is impossible to solve the global financial crisis of the 21st century、The intensification of global problems and a series of extreme issues exposed in geopolitical and economic competition。

Contemporary Russian left-wing scholars’ analysis of the manifestations and inherent nature of new imperialism in the 21st century global order，To a certain extent, it is based on the restoration of Lenin’s theory of imperialism and Marx’s criticism of political economy，A dual critical path to establish concepts and reality based on the laws of capitalist competition and monopoly，On the one hand, remove the shadow of neoliberal ideology on the bet365 voucher logic of economic globalization，On the other hand, it reveals the structural conflicts and inevitable trends caused by the global expansion of the basic contradictions of capitalism、Conversion conditions。Meanwhile，Starting from the internal and external contradictions of Russia as a (semi-) marginal capitalist social form in the modern world system，Use geopolitical logic and bet365 voucher logic to analyze the underlying causes and possible solutions to the crisis of the neoliberal global order，Provides a unique theoretical perspective for understanding and grasping the future direction of the world's major changes unseen in a century。

　(This article is part bet365 voucher National Social Science Fund’s major project “Research on the New Path of Chinese Modernization and the New Form of Human Civilization” (21&ZD012) phased results)

(Author’s affiliation: Institute of bet365 voucher Philosophy and Chinese Modernization, Department of Philosophy, Sun Yat-sen University)