With the changes and development of Western society，Contemporary Foreign Marxism's criticism of capitalism has formed several important critical paths。Countries around the real capitalist society、Consumption、Ecological、Ideology、Technology、Globalization、Modernity and other issues，Contemporary Foreign Marxism formed a criticism of national capitalism、Consumer Society、Critical Criter of Capitalism、Global Capital Criticism、Criticism、Criticism of technical capitalism、Ecological criticism and several critical paths。It should be said，Since the 1960s，With the outbreak of the global ecological crisis，Ecological steering in contemporary foreign Marxism，Many scholars use the problem of ecological environment as the research object，Try to explore the road and plan that solves the global ecological crisis，formed a distinctive ecological critical path，and Ecological Marxism、Ecological Socialism、History -three critical modes of geographical materialism are represented。 

Ecological criticism of Ecological Marxism 

Ecological Marxism is an academic genre with important influence in contemporary foreign Marxism，Form and develop in the middle and late 20th century，It is produced in the booming development of the Western ecological movement。It is trying to combine ecology with Marxism，The root cause of the ecological crisis through the analysis of Marxist theoretical analysis，So as to eliminate the ecological crisis for humans，Rebuilding socialist exploration new roads。The main representatives of Ecological Marxism include James O’Connor in the United States、John Bellamy Foster、Joel Kovel，William Leiss in Canada and Ben Agger，André Gorz，David Pepper (David Pepper)，Reiner Grundmann, Germany,。Ecological Marxism is bet365 best casino games based on the ecological crisis of contemporary West，Combining Marxist ecological thoughts with contemporary Western ecological thoughts，Ecological philosophy、The theoretical system of ecological economics and ecological socialism。

Ecological Marxism deeply excavated the ecological thought of Marx Engels，Criticism from capital、Technical criticism、System criticism、Critical criticism and other aspects of cultural values ​​have launched a criticism of contemporary capitalism，Try to solve the global ecological crisis、Realizing the free liberation of people provides new theoretical resources and paths。Ecological Marxism has the most criticism of the capitalist ecological crisis the most unique and valuable，They explore the root causes of the ecological crisis from the overall capitalist system，Proposed "Dialectical Law of Expecting Destroy" (expected theory)、Double crisis theory、Ecological Socialist Revolution and Construction Theory、"Metabolism" theory and other important innovative theories，greatly promoted the study of the contemporary ecological crisis。

Ecological Criticism of Ecological Socialism 

Ecological Socialism and Ecological Marxism have close contact，Many Western left -wing Marxist scholars who study ecological crisis are both ecological Marxist scholars，It is also an ecological socialist scholar。Ecological Marxism provides a basic theoretical basis for ecological socialism，Ecological socialism is the natural result of ecological Marxist theoretical logic。

The main representative of the first generation of ecological socialism includes Adam Schaff，He advocates combining socialism with ecological movements，Realize the combination of "green" and "red"，Create an ideal socialist society。The representative of the second generation includes William Rice、Ben Agel and Andrea Gauz，The theoretical characteristics of this generation are "traffic blending"，They believe that the current capitalist crisis has Bet365 lotto review transformed from an economic crisis to an ecological crisis，To solve the ecological crisis，The concept of controlling nature must be opposed，Eliminate alienation consumption，Change people’s lifestyle，To limit human needs in a reasonable range，Must be adjusted by economic structure，Implement "Stable Economy"，Use decentralized technology and renewable energy，Build a new outlook on the development of new people and nature。Representatives of the third generation include French Georges Labica、Germany's Reniel Gran Deman、David Paper, Britain。The main feature of their generation is "green redization"，Proposal deepening the ecological crisis、Knowledge of the relationship between ecological and ecological socialism，The principle of ecological socialism is built。

In short，Ecological socialist attempts to use Bet365 app download Marx's historical materialism method，Point out that the capitalist system has led to the global ecological crisis，Criticized ecological colonialism、Militaryism and hegemonism。Ecological socialism advocates based on grass -roots democracy，Walking on the road of non -violence，It also advocates making full use of ecological movements、Feminist Movement、Anti -nuclear movement and other social forces，It is necessary to combine with the workers at the same time，Establish a "steady -state" socialist economic model。

History -Ecological Criticism of Geographic Materialism 

History -Geographic materialism is the rise of the middle and late 20th century，Academic genre with strong influence at present，It combines the reflection on the ecological crisis and the embedding of geographical space，The main representatives include Henry Liefelh in France，David Harvey in the United States、Edward W. Soje, etc.。

History -Ecological Criticism of Geographic Materialism Pay attention to combining ecological issues with space，They think，Due to the expansion of capital logic，Space becomes a place for capital accumulation and proliferation，Capital has penetrated into the natural space and social space、The field of space bet365 live casino games used in private space and public space，And the spatial penetration of capital gradually becomes the space production of capital，Because under capitalist conditions，Space is not only the condition for capital creation value and excess profit，And its own capitalization and commercialization。The space production of capitalism is not only the control of power，Through the means of space transfer and repair to make nature the "faucet" and "sewage pool" accumulated by capital。

From the global level，The unbalanced development of space brought about by capital expansion is reflected in the ecological imperialism of developed countries。Ecological Imperialism covers the ecological colonials of developed countries on the one hand，On the other hand, forcing developing countries must withstand the destruction of the natural environment brought by the development of the economy，This leads to the destruction of global ecological justice，Ecological disasters of developing countries have further led to global ecological crisis。Ecological imperialism uses the global spatial expansion of capital，plunder global resources、Pollout for Pollution、Monopoly global ecological discourse right、Build a trade barriers related to the environment，Try to achieve its ecological hegemony。So，History -Ecological Criticism of Geographic Materialism expands our understanding of the global space reshape brought by the capitalist ecological crisis，Deepen the analysis of the essence of the global ecological crisis and the elimination of empire space in the perspective of ecological imperialism (space imperialism)。

Contemporary Foreign Marxist ecological criticalTheoretical difficulties and deficiencies 

Three modes of contemporary foreign Marxist ecological criticism，A deep analysis of ecological problems of contemporary capitalist society and the world from different angles and interrelatedly analyzes，The essence of our understanding of contemporary capitalism、logic and effect，The contemporary value that shows that Bet365 app download Marx's historical materialism has certain enlightenment，But it is undeniable that it is，The above three modes have several theoretical difficulties and deficiencies。

First, pay too much attention to theoretical interpretation，Ignoring the combination of complex and diverse revolutionary practice。The current capitalist society presents political polarization、Social division、racism、The characteristics of populism prevail，Society presents contradictions and explosions、Trend of overall alienation。Although the above three ecological critical models are concerned about ecological problems faced by Western society，Combining Marxism with ecological theory，broaden the vision of critical capitalism，But I did not realize that if the political struggle of the anti -bourgeoisproofing of the anti -bourgeoisie in different reality is combined，The ecological planning and future new society's vision proposed will only become pure utopia，No realistic foundation and possible implementation possibility。

Second, ecological criticism is still limited to the ruler of the capitalism。Three models of contemporary foreign Marxist ecological criticism have not proposed an effective path that transcends the structure and overall system from the perspective of human social development.，I also rarely pay attention to the world significance of the construction of socialist ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics，thus covering the theoretical perspective，Weakened its theoretical pertinence and effectiveness。We know，If it is just a culinary system determined by the existing capitalist system and its production method, ecological critical，Build a certain ecological theory，Put forward some improvement measures，instead of fundamentally touching the capitalist system，Eliminate capital logic，It is impossible to truly achieve the goal beyond capitalism。If you don't pay attention to the practice of socialist ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics，I can't understand the Bet365 lotto review direction of the construction of human ecological civilization，It also makes its theory lose the sense of the times，and caught in Western centralism。

Third, they all rebuilt Marxist ecological thoughts to varying degrees，There are problems that exaggerate or even solve Marxist ecological thoughts。The above three ecological criticism models all involve the understanding and construction of Marxism, especially Marx and Engels ecological thoughts，Whether it is ecological Marxism or ecological socialism, trying to "greening" Marxism，Still History -Geographic Materialism Try to combine Marxist ecological ideas with space and organic philosophy，All are trying to build a theoretical system that conforms to its own theoretical purpose，This is the "reconstruction" of Marxist ecological thought to varying degrees，There are many problems。other，These theoretical systems still exist in internal disputes，Can't really guide the practice of real ecological civilization。

Analysis of ecological criticism through foreign Marxist scholars，Let us deeply realize that we must fully and accurately understand the root causes of the current ecological crisis，To dialectically treat capital logic，Deeply grasp the direct impact of the capitalist system and its production method on the ecological crisis，Be wary of the ecological trap，Guarantee ecological justice。We must guide the thought of Xi Jinping's ecological civilization，Constantly promote the construction of socialist ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics。Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought proposes to take the solution of ecological problems as an important people's life treatment，To build from the system、Talent Construction、Policy support and other aspects，Effectively satisfy the material of the people、The urgent needs of the spirit, especially the ecological environment，and build a beautiful China in the continuous advancement。Based on this，Changing economic development Bet365 lotto review method，From the traditional development path and mode to the development path and mode with the five major development concepts as the traction，Transforming one -sided development into a comprehensive development with green development，Coordinated development of economic and social ecology。

(This article is the "Study on Foreign" Political Marxism "(21BKS130) in the general project of the National Social Science Fund 

(Author Unit: Marxist College of Wuchang Institute of Technology)