The philosophical thinking of life is a common theme of Lu Xun and Tolstoy's thoughts。Lu Xun wrote in "Weeky · Ajue": "The wild thistle has almost fatal destroying，A little flower is blooming，I remember that Tolstoy had been greatly moved，So write a novel。"The weeds crushed by wheels on the roadside stubbornly blooming flowers，"Lonely on this vast field，Anyway, defend my life in a vigorous way "。This scene moved Tolstoy，Let him "think of Hagai Murate，Want to write him "，Therefore, the famous mid -novel "Hagi Mura" was born。Similar insights have made Lu Xun a emotional resonance，The topic of the collection of prose "Weed" said: "Weeds，Not deep at all，Flowers and leaves are not beautiful，But the exposure，Water，Blood and meat from the dead people，Each seize its survival "。The same symbolic image is sent to Lu Xun and Tolstai's admiration for the strong will of life，Show the ideological spark of thoughts produced by Lu Xun and Tolstoy's life view。From thus excavation，We found that there is a similar place in Luxun's view of life with Tolstoy，But more different things。

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Tolstoy's outlook on life believes that the most perfect presentation of life is "rational consciousness"。In the summary of the concept of life, "On Life"，Tolstoy pointed out that people include three kinds bet365 Play online games of cognitive objects in themselves: as a substance that obeyed animal nature、Animality of obedience to rational consciousness、As a rational consciousness that obey animal sex。There are progressive level relationships between these three objects of understanding，"Reasonness" is the highest embodiment of life，Among them, it contains human "will", "desire for happiness" and "spiritual world"。Tolstoy has denied the meaning of material and animal nature through this outlook on life，I think they need to be overcome，and regard the inherent "will", "desire" and "spirit", which cannot be verified by scientific and rational life consciousness as the most important connotation of life。

The inside of a person is also extremely important in Lu Xun's thought。Lu Xun's early constructing "new life" cultural ideal，Promote "standing" thought，Emphasize "掊 material and Zhang Lingming", "respect for personality and spirit"，Proposal to focus on the development of the inside of the person。"Lingming", "Sound", "Inner", "Spirit"，"Not visible"，All are the inherent consciousness of people who are different from material，This is also in line with the above -mentioned view of life with Tolstea。It is precisely in this sense，Lu Xun highly praised Tolstoy's "Repentance"，It is considered to be "Book of Weiyu Self -Confession，The overflowing of the voice of the heart also "，Can "be inside"，"That's right，The meaning of life 庶 庶 庶 庶 "。

Lu Xun also alert to human animal nature，The main manifestation of his criticism of the thought Bet365 app download of Sarwin's theory of social evolution at that time。"Breaking Voice Theory" published in 1908，Lu Xun calls those who "evolve and retain the good words" and "attack the small weakness" as "beast -sexiest"，It is pointed out that their behavior of relying on strong and weak is really in the beast，That is the animal nature of Torstai's words。Lu Xunyou elaborated the purpose of the strong power of the soldiers should be for self -defense，instead of aggression，Its point of view was to "praise the American aggression，Storm Russia，Anti -dialing of the trend of yearning for Mu Paradise。

　　What is the center of life

Tolstoy has an abnormal desire for perfect life，He repeatedly called for the value of life。Just as Bergayev pointed out，Tolstoy's dedication to the meaning of life, which eventually led to his life and school，Makes his outlook on life to religious anti -personal theory。Tolstoy said: "The real life of human beings occurs outside space and time"，"It cannot be born for people，Can't die "，The true life of a person becomes a kind of deity、Existing the body exists。The metaphysicalization of life does solve Tolstoy's ideological dilemma about getting rid of death and obtaining eternal life，The limited nature of a person's limitation of time and space is no longer a obstacle to pursuing the road due to the existence of eternal life，The cause of death can be surpassed。Starting from this view，For Tolstoy，Not a person in the center of life，but an eternal body of life beyond time and space。In order to touch this Bet365 app download overwhelming world，People should give up the relationship with the real world，Realize "integration with God"。It is not difficult to see，Tolstoy's view of life with strong religious asceticism and color of the body theory。

For Lu Xun，The person at the center of life is always the person itself。People "Gai Weisheng sends self -heart，I belong to me "，"People start to have their own，People have their own，And the big consciousness is close "。The realization of the value of human life is first to achieve "朕 朕 朕" and "people have their own"，Based on this, "Sand Gathering State" can "turn into a country"。"Standing" is the fundamental to "establishing the country"，It is also the basic way to maintain the relationship between people and the world from themselves。

Lu Xun’s outlook on life is history，He always considers people's life problems。He proposed "on the chain of evolution，Everything is the idea of ​​intermediate objects，Do not recognize any independence and eternal、The ultimate life entity。Lu Xun used the "intermediate" life view to negate the metaphysics of life，At the same time, it also eliminates the ultimate pursuit of life。The sharp question given by Alziba Suv from "Workers Sui Huilu": "You will bring the golden age，Yu Yue gave them future generations，But do you not give these people? "Lu Xun's answer is to refuse to make an appointment for the future" Golden Age "，He once said: "The future is the current future，It is meaningful now，Only in the future will make sense "，People Bet365 app download should be attached to the current life to survive and develop，Regardless of whether you are going to talk about the future is meaningless in the future。

　　Facing the absurdity of life

Thorstai believes that people are ridiculous existence。Individuals are means to gain happiness to violate others，Personal happiness will be destroyed with people's inevitable way to die，Life in this world loses the meaning of existence due to death。Therefore，To gain eternal life，People need to combine the purpose and means of happiness，Individuals can only gain their own happiness by protecting others' happiness。Therefore，People can only obey their "rational consciousness" and express their love in the form of love，can we embark on the road of life。He calls love as "Light of Life"，"Putting his own life as a man of love ... will inevitably make him undoubtedly belief: life will not be weakened，No death，Only strengthening eternally "。This super personal、Super Class、Love with utopia becomes Tolstoism in Chinese Bo Ai、"Do not fight against evil with violence" and "unbelief" core。Lu Xun appreciates the courage of Tolstoy's "shouting peace in the world"，Called him "Rail Destruction"，But at the same time, I also maintain a sober understanding of its unbelievable thoughts，He said, "What he said，For ideal, sincerity，See the facts，Nai Buddha's first mind far away "。Lu Xun thinks，Tolstoy's theory is too idealized，There is no possibility in the real society，Remind people to "realize that" in order to say "。

Bet365 app download In the weed world of Lu Xun，People also show the absurd side of tragedy，Weeds "When survival，Still trampled by it，will be deleted，Tirings until death "。Life is in the so -called "throwing state"，Personally thrown in this world，Lonely helpless、Fultil and impermanence，Difficult to escape from death、There is a short -term limited。Lu Xun lamented that the creator "really made life too much，Destroy too much "。In the world of grass，The world appears as "hell", "dead ground", "no matter the array", "the desert in the wilderness"，The survival of a person in it is lonely、Boring、Void、Negative experience of hate, etc.。But Lu Xun "finally cannot confirm: but darkness and nothingness are real"，Proposal to fight for despair on the way towards the "grave"，What he advocates is the power that people say "no"，The subjectivity of the employer chooses to resist the nothingness and absurdity of life，Demonstrate human dignity，Even if you know "the front，Grave "also emits desperate war calls。"Desperate is virtual，The same as hope "，Start from despair，Send "Yes" in "None"，Born to death，This is the presentation of Lu Xun's view of life in the philosophical sense。

Lu Xun and Tolstoy's will from people's survival、The inner spirit and absurdity and other common life experiences start to discuss the meaning of life，But to different views of life。Tolstoy's mysteriousism of religion and love，Lu Xun moved towards the road of persistent and decisive fighting。In it, Bet365 lotto review we clearly see one of the common points of their outlook on life: pursuing unlimited life meaning in a limited life。

(This article is the "Lu Xun and China Political and Cultural Research" project (184080 H102116) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Nanjing Normal University)