China's modern knowledge system has been constructed for more than 100 years，The complex process from the "seven subjects" to the 14th category，The overall trend is from learning from the West to "middle school" and "western school"、Fusion of knowledge of Chinese and Western knowledge、On the basis of integration, develop and improve to establish an independent knowledge system in China。The knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences both in terms of construction or classification，Always innovate and improve according to social needs，Adjust the major category in time、Level first discipline、Discipline settings in the secondary discipline and research direction，So as to promote the development of academic division of labor in depth，and promote the construction of China's independent knowledge system。

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Discipline classification is a logical division of existing knowledge，Easy to do academic division of labor and collaborative research，At the same time, you can also guide and promote discipline development，Open up new knowledge areas，Construct a complete knowledge system，Serving social development and progress。So，Special need to summarize、Research and Planning。In ancient China, there was no modern "science" concept，Therefore, there is no "discipline" in the modern sense。Correspondingly，In ancient China, there was a knowledge system but no knowledge system logic classification。Chinese education is classified as "six arts" as early as the Zhou Dynasty，"Li", "Le", "Shoot", "Royal", "Book", "Number"，But this is just an aristocratic education system。The knowledge system classification closest to modern sense in ancient China is book classification。The so -called "seven tips" was generated during the Qin and Han dynasties，that is, "Serial Strategy", "Six Art Strategy", "Scholarship", "Poetry Followers", "Book Books", "Spelling Strategy", "Fang Skills", etc.。After the Tang Dynasty, the classification of Chinese books gradually flowed "four parts"，Mature and perfect when it is in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，thus becoming a unique knowledge system classification in ancient China。In this sense，The ancient Chinese Bet365 lotto review knowledge system is essentially reflected in the classification。Its advantages are simple and clear，The disadvantage is that it is essentially a summary of knowledge。The significance is mainly the directory，instead of academic division of labor and discipline planning of knowledge production。

In modern times，China began to gradually learn from the West，Natural Sciences in the West、Humanities and Social Sciences and Ideological Culture enters China through translation，China's knowledge composition has undergone tremendous changes，New knowledge system classification is put on the agenda。The intellectuals of the time proposed various intellectual classification methods，But in fact, the two -point method of "middle school" and "Western learning" are actually connected，Later, I tended to accept Western classification methods。1902，Zhang Baixi presided over the formulation of the "Qin Ding School Articles of Association" (also known as "Ren Yin System")，The first draft of the academic system; 1903，He and Zhang Zhidong also revised and formulated the "Playing School Articles of Association" (also known as the "Gui Yan System")，That is to formulate drafts。They learn from Japan’s university division method，Divided the knowledge system as "Seven Division": "Political Section First，Discipline of Literature 2，Geiko third，4，Fifth of the Craft Section，Business Section 6，Seventh Medical Division "，Later, "Study of Classics" into "Eight Division"。1912，The Ministry of Education of the Republic of China revised the school in the late Qing Dynasty，Abolishment of "Classics"，The name of "Sevenkees" is changed to "liberal arts、Science、Fa Ke、Commercial Fuda、Medical Department、Agricultural Science、Engineering "，"Seven Division" has been fixed since then。until 1981，The State Council approves the implementation of the "Interim Implementation Measures for the Disciplinary Regulations of the People's Republic of China"，A total of 10 discipline categories were opened，"Philosophy", "Economics", "Law", "Education", "Literature", "History", "Science", "Engineering", "Agricultural", "Medicine"。1997，The Degree Committee of the State Council formulates the "Gift Doctor、Master's degree and discipline of training graduate students、Professional Catalog，Modified the academic system。The new division is 12 categories，Added two major categories of "military science" Bet365 app download and "management"。Add "Art of Art" when revised in 2011，is 13 categories; in 2021, "cross -disciplinary discipline"，Currently it is 14 categories。So，my country has established a relatively complete knowledge system classification framework with Chinese characteristics。

　　Classification features of Chinese modern knowledge system

Looking back at history, we can see，The construction process of the modern knowledge system in China is an inevitable choice under special historical conditions。The first step is to learn from Western Natural Science、Classification methods of humanities and social sciences，Modern transformation of Chinese discipline classification。The second step is on the basis of learning from learning，Breaking the barriers of Chinese and Western knowledge，Promote the integration of Chinese and foreign knowledge，Overall knowledge、Systematic，To establish a more complete knowledge system framework，This is also very critical。The third step is to innovate development on the basis of the integration of Chinese and Western knowledge，Deepen the traditional Chinese knowledge and ideological culture，Constructing China's independent knowledge system，Contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese power to the richness and development of human knowledge。

In classification，In modern times, China divides knowledge into the system of "middle school" and "Western learning"，Although the features are clear、Simple and clear，But more mechanical。This division is except to split knowledge itself，It is also easy to cause ideological culture、Social crowd、Academic research or splitting and gap between social industries。Zhang Baixi at the end of the Qing Dynasty、Zhang Zhidong and others divide college education into "Seven Sciences"，mainly based on Western knowledge classification as the basic structure。Under the conditions of "science" concepts and discipline classification in ancient China，Directly learn from the corresponding classification method from the West，Make China's subject classification system complete in a short period of time。This allows China to quickly integrate into the world，and for the later Chinese science and technology、The development and progress of the humanities and society lays a good foundation。"Seven Division" knowledge system After the formation of the knowledge system，Chinese academic research has been adjusted and improved multiple times according to the needs of the situation bet365 Play online games in different times。Especially after more than 30 years of long -term development of New China，By the early 1980s, my country's academic research has made great progress，A lot of new knowledge was produced。The traditional "seven subjects" classification system can no longer meet actual needs，If some different disciplines are no longer suitable to be attributed to a discipline，Disciplinary classification needs to be adjusted urgently。The 1980s and 1990s，my country has made large -scale adjustments to the discipline settings，China's more systematic knowledge system classification is really established。So，Learning、Fusion and innovation is the basic clue for more than 100 years of academics in China，The context of its development is both historic，It has its own uniqueness。

Compared to philosophy and social sciences，Natural Sciences in the country、Region、The differences in the nation and the times are small，It has strong generalability in the content，Mainly there are differences in form，For example, language differences。There are also differences in division，But the difference is not large，Basically, it is reasonable、Gong、Farmers、Medicine, etc.。but different philosophy and social sciences，Although it also has certain commonality，But there are obvious countries、National、Politics、Culture and other differences。The uniqueness of the classification of Chinese knowledge system，It is mainly reflected in the aspect of philosophy and social sciences。For example，There is a major category of "comprehensive liberal arts and sciences" in the United States，There are seven categories of language and literature in Germany，China has only "literature" (liberal arts) a major category，The narrow "literature" is included in "liberal arts"。You can see it through comparison of Chinese and foreign disciplines，China's today's knowledge system and the knowledge system of other countries and regions in the world are both consistent，It has its special characteristics。In terms of philosophy and social sciences，The particularity of China is mainly manifested in: first, attach importance to inheriting ancient Chinese knowledge; the other is to actively learn and learn from Western traditions、Modern discipline knowledge，and maintain the openness and acceptance of emerging disciplines in the West; the third is to build independent innovation、Disciplinary system with Chinese characteristics，Bet365 lotto review Therefore, it is different from the discipline system of philosophy and social sciences in other countries and regions in the world。Visible，The current Chinese knowledge system classification has Chinese nature、Three characteristics of global and openness。

　　Constantly promoting the innovative development of the Chinese knowledge system

The classification of Chinese knowledge system needs to keep pace with the times，Make the development of disciplines planned and reflects leading，Promote the sustainable development of disciplines through discipline settings。

First，Adjust the discipline settings，Improving the Classification of Knowledge System。At present, there are four main types of Chinese discipline classification: First, "National Standard Discipline Classification"，Proposed by the China Standardization Research Institute，China Standardization Research Institute、Drafting of the Finance Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，The former State Administration of Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine and the National Standardization Management Committee released; second, the State Social Science Fund Discipline Classification Standard、Standards for Discipline Classification Standards for the National Natural Science Foundation; Third, the classification of "undergraduate majors in general colleges and universities"，Formulated by the Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education; Fourth, a master's degree、Disciplinary classification standards for doctoral degrees，Formulated by the Degree Committee of the State Council，Generally called "State Council Discipline Category"。These four standards have their own pertinence。Any subject includes a large category、Level first discipline、Second -level discipline，It has a historical process for its formation。With the development of the times，Some disciplines will develop and grow，and some disciplines will shrink and decline。For example，Architecture currently belongs to the "Engineering" category，But it actually has cross -crossing，It is a comprehensive for architectural technology and garden art and aesthetics，Should it belong to the cross -disciplinary discipline and even become a large category worth discussing。"Seven Division" classification period，"Literature" is actually equivalent to humanities，Later philosophy、Education、History、The four major categories of art are separated from bet365 best casino games it，In fact, you can still divide it again。For example，"Chinese Studies" can also be called "Chinese Classical Studies"，You can consider listing it as an independent door class，This is also conducive to the Chinese classical opening research，It is also conducive to returning to China's classical "comprehensive" essence。Marxist discipline is currently scattered in philosophy、Law and other disciplines，Can it be set as a large category like the original "study"? in addition，Whether it can increase the discipline involved in national economy and people's livelihood，Including a major category、Level first discipline、Second -level discipline and research direction。For example，News Communication is currently classified as "Literature"，Can it be independent? These are worthy of thinking and discussion in the academic circles。

2，Improve discipline classification，Promote discipline to serve social。Chinese philosophy and social science knowledge although it is systematic，Classification logic is tight，But due to various historical and practical reasons，Its development is actually unbalanced。Some disciplines have a long history，Development prosperity，Xinxin Prosperous，The research team is huge，belonging to "University Science"。Although some disciplines are very important，But because of insufficient accumulation and attention，Talent Team、Scientific research results and other aspects are weak，belonging to "Primary School"。For example, literary research，Foreign Literature Chinese English Literature is obviously "university"，German literature、French Literature、Russian Literature、Japanese Literature、Spanish Language、Arabic Chinese can not be compared with English literature。but actually，For the literary achievements of history and reality，French Literature、German Literature、Russian Language is not under English literature。In Chinese literature research，Ancient Chinese Literature、Chinese modern literature、Literary theory is relatively "University Division"，Modern literature and comparative literature research is relatively weak。Internal disciplines of Chinese literature，Its research direction is also unbalanced。For example，Internal Contemporary Literature，Literature History Research is the center，Literary criticism and literary criticism research is relatively weak; pure literature research is mainstream，Popular Literature Studies bet365 Play online games are relative edge。In terms of social role and meaning，Children's literature is very important，Related writers Multi、Works multi、Reader Multi，The impact of children's growth is very obvious。But the "discipline" is slightly weaker，It is manifested as a research institution、Platform、Personnel、Little results。There are more than 20 professional journals for adult literary research，At present, there is no academic magazine that specializes in children's literature。So，We need more people to study children's literature、More people engage in literary criticism、More people study popular literature，Constantly improve and improve Chinese literature discipline，Promote the development of these disciplines。In short，We urgently need to develop with Chinese characteristics、Scientific specification、Discipline classification and planning that has a greater promotion of discipline development，and strive to promote the construction of China's independent knowledge system。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of Humanities of Zhejiang Normal University)