Tang Xianzu was a dramatist of the Ming Dynasty in my country、Literature Writer、Thinker。His "The Purple Hairpin", "The Peony Pavilion", "The Nanke", "The Handan" and "The Purple Xiao" are outstanding works of Chinese classical literature，These five dramas are interconnected，Form an artistic whole。Among them，"The Peony Pavilion" has reached the pinnacle of classical drama creation in terms of ideological content and artistic achievements。so far，The English app bet365 download of Tang Xianzu’s plays has gone through a process of more than 80 years，Become an important entry point for foreigners to understand Chinese classical drama and Chinese culture。

　English app bet365 download of "The Peony Pavilion"

1939，The April issue of "Tianxia Monthly" published by Nanjing Zhongshan Cultural Education Center and Shanghai Biefa Foreign Company published the English app bet365 download of "Chunxiang Naoxue" by British sinologist Harold Acton。This app bet365 download is derived from the Peking Opera adaptation of "The Peony Pavilion"，This is the first time that Tang Xianzu’s play has been translated into English。Translators use more literal translations、Methods and strategies of alienation，It made soup opera attract the attention and interest of English readers for the first time，It is the beginning of the English app bet365 download of soup opera。

1960，The first issue of "Chinese Literature", a publication published by my country, published Yang Xianyi、11 scenes from "The Peony Pavilion" translated by Gladys and his wife。This is the first English app bet365 download of "The Peony Pavilion" by a Chinese translator，It is also a app bet365 download jointly produced by Chinese and Western translators。This app bet365 download reproduces the main plot of "The Peony Pavilion"，To enable English readers to fully understand the appearance of "The Peony Pavilion" for the first time。The app bet365 download is faithful to the original text without being too rigid，Flexible without overemphasizing creativity。

　1965，Appleton Century Press in the United States published "Treasures of Chinese Literature" edited by Chinese-American sinologists Zhai Chu and Zhai Wenbo，It includes 3 episodes of "The Peony Pavilion" they translated。This app bet365 download is based on Yang、The Dais and Mrs. Dai revised and added the app bet365 download at the same time，The app bet365 download is flexible yet interesting。

1972，The American Grove Publishing Company published the second volume of "Selected Chinese Literature" edited by American sinologist Bai Zhi，It includes 4 of his translations of "The Peony Pavilion"。1980，Indiana University Press published the full app bet365 download of "The Peony Pavilion" translated by Bai Zhi。This is the first full app bet365 download of "The Peony Pavilion"，Promoted literary research on Tang Opera and Chinese classical drama in English-speaking countries、Performances and cultural exchange activities，Making "The Peony Pavilion" achieve app bet365 download effect on a wider level。Bai Zhi interprets Chinese literature through app bet365 download，Therefore, the app bet365 download strives to reproduce and retain the differences in language and culture。When foreignization or literal app bet365 download may cause comprehension difficulties for English readers，In-text notes or footnotes are often used。When foreignization or foreignization annotation makes the app bet365 download too lengthy, it does not exclude the use of domesticated words，To adapt to readers’ reading habits。

1973，Edinburgh University Press published "Chinese Literature: Popular Novels and Drama" compiled by British-Chinese sinologist Zhang Xincang，It includes 4 of his translations of "The Peony Pavilion"。This app bet365 download played an important role in bringing Chinese classical literature into the eyes of British readers。Zhang Yi mostly uses free app bet365 download、Methods and strategies of domestication and communicative app bet365 download，Being equal、Natural and appropriate at the same time。In order to achieve "naturalness"，Translator in Vocabulary、Syntax、Semantics、A certain degree of flexibility has been adopted in cultural and other aspects，The app bet365 download reads as smoothly as flowing clouds。

1994，Beijing Tourism Education Press published the full app bet365 download of "The Peony Pavilion" translated by Chinese scholar Zhang Guangqian。Zhang Guangqian is the first domestic translator to translate "The Peony Pavilion"，The app bet365 download is also the first complete app bet365 download in China。The app bet365 download mostly uses plain poetry format，And try to stay in tune with rhythm and rhythm，In nature、Smooth、Reproduce the meaning and connotation of the original text in an easy-to-understand manner。

1996，Norton Publishing Company of the United States published "Selected Chinese Literature" edited by American sinologist Yuwen Suo'an，It includes 3 episodes of "The Peony Pavilion" and "Author's Inscription" that he translated。Similar to Bai Zhi，Yuwen Suo'an's app bet365 download is part of his literary criticism and analysis。In order to provide an Eastern ideological structure for the Western socio-cultural psychological structure that seeks differences，Translators often use foreignization strategies to retain the connotation and style of the original text。At the same time，He considers the understanding and acceptance of English readers more than Bai Zhi does，Therefore the app bet365 download has more domesticated elements。

　2000，Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press and Hunan People’s Publishing House、Foreign Languages ​​Publishing House published the full app bet365 download of "The Peony Pavilion" translated by Wang Rongpei，This app bet365 download was included in the national major publishing project "Greater China Library"，The first rhyme app bet365 download of "The Peony Pavilion"，It is also the only app bet365 download of "The Peony Pavilion" whose copyright has been exported to foreign publishing houses。The app bet365 download reflects the beauty of the original text without affecting the understanding of English readers。Use iambic as the basic format when translating lyrics and verses，Using a variety of rhymes。The translator used literal app bet365 download flexibly、Literal app bet365 download plus explanation、Recreate strategically (including slightly adjusting according to the plot、Use corresponding expressions in English) and other methods and strategies，Strive to reproduce the essence of Chinese culture。The app bet365 download style has an antique flavor，It also conforms to the norms of contemporary English。

　2009，Beijing Foreign Languages ​​Publishing House published "The Collection of Joys and Sorrows" edited by Chinese-American scholar Wang Ban，It includes 4 of his translations of "The Peony Pavilion"。In order to ensure the adequacy of cultural information and emotions，The app bet365 download may enhance and expand the literal meaning of the original text，Or give up the original form for interpretation。

　2009，China International app bet365 download and Publishing Company and China Publishing Group jointly published the app bet365 download of "The Peony Pavilion" translated by Chinese scholars Xu Yuanchong and Xu Ming。This app bet365 download includes 22 scenes from "The Peony Pavilion"，The original content has been deleted and reorganized。The app bet365 download strategy and app bet365 download purpose of this app bet365 download are highly consistent，That is to create beauty、Spread beauty。The app bet365 download implements the "three beauties" app bet365 download thought proposed by the translator Xu Yuanchong，Highlights the differences between Chinese and English language and culture，flexibly reproduces the sound and beauty of the original work、Beauty of meaning and form。

　2021，The Commercial Press published the full English app bet365 download of "The Peony Pavilion" by Huang Bikang，This is the latest app bet365 download of "The Peony Pavilion"。The app bet365 download imitates Shakespeare’s classic plays，Using Shakespeare’s unique lines and expressions，Beautiful rhythm，Faithful to the original literary details and aesthetic imagery。The app bet365 download is reader-oriented，Adopts an English reader-oriented app bet365 download strategy。

　"The Complete Works of Tang Xianzu's Dramas" English Version

All the English translators of Tang dramas except "The Peony Pavilion" are domestic scholars，Including Wang Rongpei and Zhang Guangqian。2003，Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press published "Handan Ji" translated by Wang Rongpei。2006，Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press published "Nan Ke Ji" translated by Zhang Guangqian。2009，Huacheng Publishing House published the English app bet365 download of "The Purple Hairpin" written by Wang Rongpei。The above three translations are included in the "Greater China Library"。2012，Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press published the English app bet365 download of "Nan Ke Ji" presided over by Wang Rongpei。2013，Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press published the English app bet365 download of "The Purple Xiao" written by Wang Rongpei。These two translations are included in the "Chinese Culture Chinese and Foreign Languages ​​Series"。

　2014，Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press published "The Complete Works of Tang Xianzu's Dramas" (English version) edited by Wang Rongpei。It contains all the English translations of Tang Xianzu’s plays by Wang Rongpei，It is currently the only English app bet365 download of the complete works of Tang Xianzu’s plays。2017，The copyright of this complete collection is granted to Bloomsbury Publishing Company, UK，And was republished by the publishing house in 2018 and distributed globally。The app bet365 download of this complete collection started in the 1990s，It took nearly 20 years。The app bet365 download strives to be in the language form、Culture、Maintain Chinese characteristics in terms of connotation and literary value，Reappearing the “heterogeneity” of Chinese culture，Highlight Chinese cultural and linguistic identity，Reflects the application of "China English" advocated by the translator Wang Rongpei himself。At the same time，Wang's app bet365 download of "The Complete Works of Tang Xianzu's Dramas" implements his own app bet365 download thought of "conveying the spirit and expressing the meaning"。The app bet365 download idea of ​​"expressing the spirit and expressing the meaning" inherits the traditional Chinese painting theory、Classical Literary Theory、The essence of traditional aesthetics，Existing innovation and development，An eclectic mix of Chinese and Western academic thinking，Reflects the translator’s valuable efforts in building a app bet365 download discourse system with Chinese characteristics。

It can be seen from above，The cultural identities of the English translators of Tang Xianzu’s plays so far are diverse，Social culture、Different times and backgrounds，app bet365 download purpose、app bet365 download strategies are also different，But they all have a love for Chinese culture and literature、Appreciative attitude，Invested great enthusiasm in the app bet365 download and introduction of soup opera。What deserves attention，The total number of English translations of soup operas produced by domestic translators、The translator’s advantages in understanding the original text and interpretation of the work，Has an irreplaceable role and contribution to the app bet365 download and introduction of soup opera。

Currently, the overseas libraries that collect English translations of Tang Xianzu’s plays include first-class public libraries、National Library、A university library with world influence，And available in almost all sales networks。The English app bet365 download of soup opera enables foreign audiences to understand more、Appreciation、Re-examining Chinese classical drama、Chinese Literature and Culture，Expanding the horizons of foreign sinology research and comparative literature research，Promoted the cultural exchange between China and the West、Education、Art、Travel、Exchanges and cooperation in economic and other fields。

　(Author’s Affiliation: School of Foreign Languages, Suzhou University)