2019，Ministry of Civil Affairs、The Ministry of Education and other 10 departments jointly issued the "Opinions on Further improve the care service system for further improve the rural left -behind children and the child care service system (hereinafter referred to as" Opinions ")，From improving professional institutions' service capabilities、Strengthen the construction of grassroots teams、Expand the participation of social forces, which explain the development direction and overall layout of building a care service system。As early as the end of 2017，The Ministry of Civil Affairs enables the information management system of rural left -behind children and children of rural left -behind children，Promote data entry and review reporting in the country。However, during the foundation of the foundation，Dilem's information leakage、Error reporting and other issues still occur。Especially the type of residence is complicated、Urban community with fast population flow，Discovery of children in the situation、Report and disposal encounter many actual difficulties。Tracking survey，The author believes that it should be detailed based on risk management，Improve family、The prevention report network of schools and communities，Provide early involvement services to high -risk children and families。

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Under the high attention of the party and the government and all walks of life，Protection of the rights and interests of children in the predicament becomes a key task to promote moderate inclusive children's welfare。Pilot exploration，The State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening Bet365 app download the Inspection of Children in Dohaies" in 2016，For the first time, it is clear for family poverty、Three types of dilemma in the lack of disability and guardianship of children category categories、Precise assistance。In the early stage of the national scope investigation, it also formulates specific screening standards，and enter children in the registration file、Basic information of parents and other guardians and preliminary assistance suggestions。By enabling the predicament of urban and rural areas, children's information management system，Children's welfare related departments have basically mastered the number and information of children in the predicament，and can be shared by data，Realize the data update of cross -system data、Comparison verification、Statistics query、Regular reporting and real -time delivery。

Although the existing definition standard basically meets the needs of children's dilemma，But there are still certain problems in the grassroots investigation。"Chinese Children's Development Outline (2011-2020)" proposed "Improve the community -relying on、Objectives for the Management and Service Network of Family Family Family，But in practice，The network based on the community is easy to be simplified as a territorial management。Investigation discovered，Town workers can only rely on household registration population information、Minimum living security household information、Disabled person information、Popular population information and other population databases for comparison screening，Lack of from school、Neighborhood、Channels that effectively share difficult children's information in medical institutions。Children's information in family families，Especially for the migration of "migratory bird" migration during Bet365 app download the winter and summer vacations, it is easy to be missed。and children's rights and interests are infringed by the guardian or entrusted guardian，and the fact that no one cares is difficult to discover in time。

For this，It is necessary to further distinguish between children and children with actual dilemma that have been injured according to the risk of children's injury and the risk dilemma that may be injured due to family reasons，Differential means of implementing differentiation for different types of risk types。First, the report of the discovery of children in actual dilemma is extended to school、Public security organs、Medical institutions、Children's Public Welfare Organization、Community neighbors and other subjects; the second is to improve the poor families、Family family of flowing population、Family of the disabled、House of severe patients、Drug abuse or criminal punishment personnel Family risk dilemma of children's dilemma of children find and update。Focus on reinforcement cases that have been injured in children in a timely manner，Highlight the preventive screening of various high -risk families。

　To prevent reporting network promotion information sharing

The key to the protection of children in dilemma is at the grassroots level，Focus on professional minor rescue protection agencies。Since 2016，Civil affairs departments from various places attach great importance to training full -time or part -time children's workers in the grassroots level。As of the second quarter of 2019，There are 45,000 townships and street -level children in the country and 620,000 villages and primary children.，And all have entered the information management system。other，"Opinions" further emphasized the work of the work of the minor rescue and protection agency，Guide the grassroots to carry out dilemma for Bet365 lotto review children to investigate、Construction and information update work，Expansion and improvement of the discovery report of children who care for the dilemma、Emergency disposal、Evaluation assistance、Survey intervention and other rescue and protection mechanisms。

But the investigation found，Insufficient professional capabilities and departmental linkage reports in the grass -roots level are not timely or become the biggest shortcoming for the protection of children in the predicament。First，Most of the current children of the first -class children in the village are part -time，Professional is not strong，Without enough energy to implement family visits、Information update and community mobilization。Even some children's director who has been trained in social work feels lack of supporting resource support，Restricted its professional children's service development。Next，Although the inter -ministerial joint meeting system was established at the central level，But in the county level education、Public Security、Medical and other departments lacks information notification mechanisms for children with difficulties。Especially if children under the age of six who have not yet studied at school have accidents or abuse by the guardian，Medical institutions responsible for treatment have not been given responsibilities to the public security organs or children's welfare institutions for compulsory reports。

Difficult to find difficult for children in actual dilemma、Report difficult questions，In addition to the full coverage of training for children and supervisors in the grassroots level，It is also necessary to expand the prevention report network of children with dilemma。This specifically includes: primary and secondary schools and kindergartens as platforms，On -the -job training bet365 best casino games for teachers to carry out on -the -job training for children with difficulties，Self -protection of children's self -protection，Knowledge of the protection of parents and children's accidental injury protection for parents; use medical institutions and public security organs as nodes，Hold professional training for children doctors and front -line police，Standards for popularizing identification and abuse of children，Clarify the mechanism of case notification; use public opinion propaganda as the cloud，Enhance the public protection consciousness through media reports and public welfare advertisements，Set up dilemma Children's Rescue Service Hotline，Reports to accept the public's cases of suspected children and hidden dangers of children with various types of children;，Multi -channel gathers in trouble children and risk hidden dangers，Scientific investigation and evaluation of the risk level of suspected children of children，Classified and disposal according to the actual situation of children and their families。

　　Early intervention with family functions as the standard

Native family is the most important resource provider of children's growth。Conservation to support the complete family of native families、Stability and development，Can avoid the generation of children from the source。When the guardian does not fulfill the supervisor responsibility or the child continues to live in the native family may suffer from higher damage risk，Grass -roots children's welfare workers and minor rescue and protection agencies shall fulfill their duties of the bottom of their pockets，Provide emergency resettlement for children in the predicament、Family care services such as family foster care。Cases of children in most risk dilemmas，More favorable treatment methods are to restore and strengthen family care functions，bet365 Play online games Let children grow in native families，Maintain the original family relationship。Therefore, the implementation of family -centric case counseling for high -risk families、Family Joint Treatment、Social Welfare Application and other early involvement services，It is an effective way to avoid taking care of negligence and repeated physical and mental damage。

Investigation and evaluation is the basis for early intervention。It needs to be based on the early detection of the foundation，Further identify the risk factors in the family and the community，Evaluate the actual level and potential ability of the current family undertaking children's care function。Some youth social work institutions have used the existing information platform in practice，Established a more detailed family archives for children in dilemma through family visits，and jointly formulate and implement the early intervention service plan with their families，Open the "Last Mile" for children with a care dilemma。

Implement the care of children's care and protection of children under the vision of more macro people。Family scale small、Weakness of family function is an important background that causes the lack of family care function of children in the predicament。Especially in the urbanization of rural population，Introduction to housing in time、Education and other family support policies，It will effectively prevent the emergence of difficult children in the migrant population，It also makes the mobile family more assured、Children with peace of mind，Reduce the stock of left -behind children in the countryside。So，Improving the prejudiced children's prevention report network，Enhance the support service level of high -risk families，It is of great policy significance for the inclusive children's welfare system Bet365 app download that promotes the overall planning of urban and rural areas。

　　(This article is the "Research on the Safety Protection System of Flowing Children in Zhejiang Province" (17ndjc268yb) in Zhejiang Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Projects)

(Author Unit: Institute of Development Strategy and Public Policy Research of the School of Social Sciences of Zhejiang Province)