The concept of "fragility" was introduced into the field of natural disaster research in the 1970s，Finger subsystems (such as urban subsystem、Ecological subsystem) The sensitivity of internal or external disturbances and the degree of damage to the system itself。With the continuous expansion of the field of vulnerability，Social Structure、The role of social factors such as the political and economic system and other social factors in the influence of disasters in the system is increasingly valued，Social fragility research has become an important branch in vulnerability research。Social fragility can be understood as: social system exposed under the impact of disaster，A kind of vulnerability due to potential adverse social factors and weak response to disaster capabilities。The study of social fragility is conducive to people find a breakthrough that improves the unfavorable situation before the disaster，Restore it quickly from the disaster，Enhance social toughness。

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Social fragile research is explaining the differences that the disasters affected by different groups are affected or responding to the ability，and predicting the potential risk points in the future will have a large advantage。In recent years，Social vulnerability as an effective analysis tool to continuously develop，Especially progress in the field of empirical research。

First，Social fragility research was originally concentrated in the potential vulnerability of analyzing the social system，Gradually expand to the internal connection mechanism of the elements of the social system and the natural ecological environment、interaction affects the field，Putting social vulnerability and natural disasters、Analysis of external disturbance analysis such as climate change is integrated and fused，The mechanism of revealing the interaction bet365 Play online games of social and ecosystems。Li Ning and others calculated 551 county samples in 1982、1990、The ecological vulnerability and social fragility index of 2000 discovered，The effect of ecological vulnerability on social vulnerability gradually weakened，The significant role of the province and region is reduced from the previous five to two;，Social vulnerability on ecological vulnerability from weak to strong。Wen Yanjun and others studied the documents on drought from 1876-1879 in North China.，The interaction between extreme drought disasters and social fragility form a vicious cycle，The impact caused by the drought was amplified、Pass。Zhang Hui and other proposals，Non -linear upgrade of some disasters，Not just because of the stack of disaster factors，but caused by the coupling of social vulnerability and the coupling of the disaster caused by the disaster。

Next，Many scholars use the social fragile analysis tool，For the national level、The regional differences and space -time evolution of social vulnerability characteristics at the provincial area and city level analyzed。Ge Yi and others studied the characteristics of space -time change characteristics of the national air pollution society from 2000-2014: Social fragility has experienced a gradually improved from general high to the northeast，From the improvement of the improvement of the local area to the process of improvement in the eastern coast and the central and western regions。Lu Daming, etc. think，Social fragility has obvious gathering features in space，Usually areas with high levels of urbanization will show lower social vulnerability，Under the action of the trickle effect，The county -level unit around the city will lower its social system fragility。Zhang Asia studied the time and space pattern of the fragile social disaster society in Shanghai，It is believed that the vulnerability changes in the central urban area and the suburban society are different，Social vulnerability in the central urban area bet365 live casino games presents an upward trend，The suburbs are declining。Wu Chang Studies Discovery，The risk of flood disaster risks in the middle and downstream of the Yangtze River shows a strong positive correlation with space，is a region with high levels of social fragility and disaster exposure，The level of flood risk is also higher。

Last，Many scholars have carried out a large number of research work in the fields of institutional driving of society's fragility。Some scholars think，In various institutional arrangements that directly affect the fragility of society，Social Security System is the most critical，The lack of social security has enlarged social vulnerability，and sufficient social security supply will enhance people's recovery of disaster。Yang Long and others measured the vulnerability of farmers in poor areas and found out，There are certain differences in the fragile influencing factors of farmers in different regions，But building a house、Marriage and funeral, marriage、Institutional incidents such as major illnesses are the general influencing factors that lead to the vulnerability of farmers。

Comparison of comparison，Quantitative research is favored by more social vulnerability researchers，Quality research is relatively lacking。Reasons for the reason，This may be related to the field of vulnerability in the field of natural sciences。But in fact，Social fragility is more related to collective actions and social unity。So，Quality Studies should be given more attention in the study of social fragility，If the group resolution and the actions to deal with disasters are more suitable for qualitative research。

　　Multi -dimensional construction of fragile research system

Social vulnerability involves all dimensions of society，Each discipline is trying to find the entry point，This determines its research system construction with a multi -vitamin symbol。In the study of social fragility，"exposure -sensitivity -adaptability" VSD (Vulnerability Scoping Bet365 app download Diagram) framework is an analysis framework used by many scholars，This framework has continued to develop and improve in recent years，dimension continuously widen。

Tan Shuhao, etc. from exposure、The important dimensions of the three vulnerability of sensitivity and adaptability，Social vulnerability assessment for the relatively concentrated ecological fragile areas of the poor。In the first -level indicator，Use climate change and natural disasters to measure exposure; use social population status and natural resources dependence to measure sensitivity;。Huang Xiaojun, etc., also built a framework about social fragility analysis of social vulnerability in the high temperature of the city with the above three social fragile core dimensions，Calculated the exposure index of cities in China、The contribution of the sensitivity index and the adaptability index to the vulnerability index of the high temperature society。Chen Jia and others applied VSD frameworks and SERV (Spatially Explicit Resilleity-Vulnerability) model，Build a comprehensive indicator system that evaluates the society of semi -arid regions -ecosystem fragility。He Yanbing puts social vulnerability and ecological vulnerability、Adaptability, etc. incorporate the same analysis framework，Make the vulnerable situation of the actor and the individual or group, and combine the external impact on the external impact，To identify the environmental changes more accurately、The relationship between the social structure and the actor。

In specific methods，Many scholars use the main component analysis method to assign the weight of related influencing factors。Fan Yunxiao and others evaluated the social fragility of the disaster in China with layer analysis.。Ge Yi and others used projection to find clustering methods to evaluate the social fragility index of air pollution in various provinces in China。Li Ning, etc. In order to avoid the degree and direction of mutual influence between society and ecological bet365 best casino games vulnerability indicators to avoid the comprehensive index method、Related coefficient analysis cannot explain problems such as causality，Estimation method of using tool variables reveals the direction of the interaction between social vulnerability and the fragility indicators of ecosystems。

　　Combination of social fragility and toughness

Expansion in the field of social fragility applications，Geography、Disasterology、Environmentalology、Scholars in various fields from society, from the perspective of their respective disciplines，With the theory of this discipline, the "social fragility" has been conducted in deep and detailed research and pioneering interpretation。But in terms of discipline crossing and integration，The completely segmentation of social science and natural science is still more obvious，Multi -disciplinary integration still faces many obstacles，It has not been refined to be relatively complete、Standardized social fragility theoretical system。The study of social vulnerability in the field of sociology is far from enough，The analysis of existing theoretical achievements and vulnerability of sociology has not been combined well，Research results with innovative and theoretical are still lacking。To achieve the cross and fusion of disciplines，It also needs to be more forced in the further discussion of the concept of social fragility and the construction of the theoretical system，Promoting social vulnerability research paradigm is more scientific、Standardized; especially in combination with the research of social toughness，It should be promoted to transform from passive adaptation to disaster to active response disaster。Social vulnerability actually reflects the strength of social toughness。The stronger the social toughness，Social vulnerability is smaller，Conversely, it is also established。So，Combination of research on the two，will form a new research field。

Social fragile evaluation is not only an assessment of social vulnerability，bet365 best casino games It is also a reflection of social toughness，Therefore, it is an important entry point for combining the combination of fragility and toughness。Social Vulnerability Evaluation Model is becoming more mature and diversified，exposure、Sensitivity and adaptability as a three -dimensional level of understanding and evaluating vulnerability has been recognized by many scholars，But this evaluation method is selected by the alternative indicator、Processing of indicator data、The empowerment of the indicator and the calculation of the evaluation results still controversy，There are incomplete information of the evaluation index system and the cross overlap of information，It also needs to further improve the screening method of the indicator、Method of determining weight。，Evaluation of social vulnerability under multiple disturbances is still in its infancy，Analysis method and tools that can be further tapped to accurately reveal the external disturbance elements such as social and ecosystems in the mechanism。These social fragility evaluation methods and indicators can be used to measure social toughness，It can form a good interaction with social tough evaluation。

Case research is also an effective way to achieve the combination of social fragility research and social tough research。Observe the same case from different perspectives，Will see the vulnerability and toughness in social operations more clearly。For example，There is sufficient research on social vulnerability，It will provide useful reference for the study of social toughness。There are more social vulnerability research cases at the national level、Provincial and district level，Local -based empirical cases are relatively small，and this is not conducive to giving full play to the application advantage of social fragility research and in -depth exploration of factors affecting social fragility.。Future social fragility analysis as an effective research perspective and analysis Bet365 app download tool，Can be applied to poverty、Employment、Public health and other areas，On the one hand, it effectively expands the explanation of social vulnerability research，On the other hand, a decisive well -known well -off、Realize the goals of "six stability and six guarantees" to provide strong intellectual support。

(Author Unit: Institute of Information Intelligence Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)