Anyone who knows a little about the housekeeping industry knows，Most companies in this industry are intermediary companies。That is to say，These companies only introduce nanny to customers、Clock Point Workers or Moon 嫂，Direct management of housekeeping workers，Not to buy social security for them，The company relies on receiving an intermediary fee for profit。Why do Chinese housekeeping service companies implement intermediaries rather than employee system?

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We learned in the investigation，The reasons reflected by housekeeping enterprises are mainly: the burden on the social security cost of the enterprise is too heavy; the profit is small，Can't afford workers' accommodation arrangements，It is also difficult to bear the accidents in workers;。but，The above reasons are far from sufficient and lack of targeted。Obviously，The burden on paying social security costs is not unique to the housekeeping industry，The same is true of other industries; Moon 嫂、Parenting 嫂 is mostly on -site service，General accommodation in employer's house，The responsibility of the company's accommodation arrangements is smaller than other industries;。

Generally speaking，Housekeeping work has the following basic features: First，Work location scattered in various families，Not in factory such as other industries in factories and other workplace; second，The work is basically completed by a single person，No dependence on collective collaboration; third，The work content is daily housework。If the nature of the housekeeping work is defined，So housekeeping work is the professionalization and externalization of housework labor。It can be seen from the above characteristics，Disposal of the work location makes it difficult for the company to implement strict management of workers，Workers are also difficult to accept strict management in terms Bet365 app download of habits; individuals do not require collaboration and organization for individual independent work。Standards for housekeeping work are difficult to determine，or work performance mainly depends on subjective evaluation。This is standardized、Quantitative、indicator management of the challenge。

From the perspective of reality，Housekeeping enterprises actually mainly undertake three functions: training before work、Introduce customers、Treatment of disputes with customers。Housekeeping workers directly face customers，Daily dealings are also customers。They don’t need to go to work in the company，Not to work according to the company's management instructions，Customer satisfaction can。For workers，The function of the company is to introduce work，Most people even think that training is not very necessary，The role of the company's dispute is not great。

Since the workers deal with customers directly，They often want to bypass the company，Save an intermediary fee。The so -called private order，It is a business that workers and customers directly contact (not paying agency fees to the company)。From the perspective of transaction costs，Intermediary costs are essentially trading expenses in the market。Workers and customers choose to receive orders through the company or receive private orders，It mainly depends on their judgment on the transaction fee。Employer (customer) If you can't find a housekeeping worker in private relationship，Find it through the company，Pay an intermediary fee。The housekeeping workers provided by the housekeeping company do well，But because of various problems for a long time，I have to replace it。After a period of time，New housekeeping workers can't help，Maybe to be replaced，Employers may quit the later，Retrieve the original。No need to pass the company at this time，The use of private relationship saves transaction costs。

This description，If the agency fee of the intermediary company can be avoided，The management of employees is even more difficult。These difficulties are: modern factories or enterprises，bet365 live casino games Flowing operation、Flowing operation、Management meticulous、Following the rules can be efficient。But the decentralization of housekeeping services、Standards、Standards、Satisfaction，Not concentrated pursuit、Large scale efficiency，but nodded from each household, which can be called。So，The management system of employee system may only be based on manufacturing as a typical management system，Not necessarily suitable for the housekeeping industry。

　　Depending on the degree of dependence determines the enterprise management mode

Is an enterprise implemented with employee or intermediary，One of the decisive factor is the mutual dependence between enterprises and employees: the company highly relies on employees，Employees also highly rely on enterprises，So the employee system must be implemented; if the dependency is weak，Management of employee system may not be necessary，or it is impossible。

The mutual dependence of enterprises and employees is manifested in the following two aspects。One，Enterprise highly relies on employees' technical ability。For example, software company，The company relies height to programmers，It is more dependent on programmers with strong programming ability，Without a programmer, there is no company。Some employees，If the company lacks them, they will not work，It can be called a core employee，That is, I have mastered some special technology、Employees of core technology。And such a core employee cannot be replaced or difficult to replace。Its two，Employees rely on the equipment of the enterprise high、Tools。Workers operating a precision machine tool，It is useless to leave the machine tool。There are some equipment，The price is high，or a large area of ​​area，Or need a special environment，Only enterprises (or organization、Unit) can provide。Williamson said: "I have distinguished general asset investment and dedicated asset investment，The latter asset will develop a bilateral dependencies between the supply and demand party ... If the asset is generally，So，Simple market contracts can provide effective intermediate product market bet365 Play online games exchange; but，If the dedicated assets and the interference of outsiders have formed bilateral dependencies (thereby leading to high cost discomfort)，So，The sectarian system will become more advantageous。"He thinks，Dedicated assets have produced bilateral dependencies。Obviously，Workers with specialized technologies and companies with special equipment，It will form a strong mutual dependence relationship due to the dedication of assets。Under this condition，The junior system has more advantages，That is to say，Enterprises must implement employee system management。So，Will housekeeping enterprises and housekeeping workers form a strong mutual dependence relationship? The answer is obviously negative。

Generally speaking，The professional skills of housekeeping workers are ordinary daily skills，Lack of dedicated。Marx thinks，Productivity determines production relations、Production method，The organizational form that will determine the production、Organization mode and management mode。In productivity，Production tools are very important things。"Hand -pushing the grinding is a society headed by the owner，Steaming the society led by industrial capitalists。"" The composition and division of labor depending on the tools they have, each is different。The division of labor determined by hand grinding is different from the division of labor determined by the steam mill。"If Marx's proposition is applied to the housekeeping industry，It can be obtained from the following inferences: The development of rags and brooms can not develop modern professional division of labor，I don’t need a strict section -based management mode。

When we are investigating in Suzhou，A person in charge of a company said，They use the employee system。Why? Because company employees come to the door to clean the cleaning service，Vacuum cleaner produced by Germany，A complete set of vacuum cleaners have a variety of probes，It costs more than 20,000 yuan，Bet365 app download The cleaning effect is very good。

　　The intermediary system can adapt to the development stage of the housekeeping industry

Traditional cleaning use broom、mop and rag，Bet365 app download The cleaning effect is not good。Use traditional tools，No training，Cleansing workers ride an electric car and come to the door，Single soldiers combat。Use modern tools，Must cooperate with enterprises，Become a member of the enterprise。First，The tool is the enterprise，Workers buy such a set of tools for themselves，It is not necessary; followed by，Workers must receive corporate training，Otherwise it will not be used; finally，These tools can’t pull the electric cars，Need two or more people collaborate。This，Use modern cleaning tools，Workers have dependence on enterprises，and workers have certain special skills。

Housework labor is almost everyone will do，Housekeeping work is the professionalization and externalization of housework and labor。It is difficult to reflect the professionalization of work with traditional tools for housekeeping workers。Non -professional production or service，Also does not require corporate management。Modern Company and Production、The high differentiation of the service is related。High professionalization、High division of labor is an inevitable way to improve efficiency。

Professional tools、Special skills、Special Human Capital，or Williamson's dedicated assets，Basic characteristics such as scattered housekeeping work，This is the basic concept and theoretical logic of our analysis and understanding of the management system of housekeeping enterprises。Non -professional in China ’s housekeeping services (workers use simple tools、Lack of professional skills)，The alternative of workers is very strong，They lack dependence on enterprises。The mutual dependence of enterprises and workers is too weak，It is very liquid to cause workers，Many workers are attached to many companies。other，Workers' randomness is very large，For contract、Working time arrangement、Lack of concepts of service quality standards，Not to accept strict management。They belong to a company nominal，Actually it is an individual worker。The company just uses them to fill the interpersonal network defects、Partners looking for market opportunities。Turn in turn，The company Bet365 lotto review is helpless about workers，can only listen to it，Not to mention strict training and management。This，The intermediary system is inevitable。

If the agency is compared with the employee system，Obviously，In the management system of employee system，Enterprise and workers are a relationship between organization and being organized。Workers need to accept strict management of the enterprise，No economy with customers、Commercial or market connection (such as salary is issued by the enterprise rather than the customer directly)，The relationship with customers is limited to specific work content。or in other words，Workers are sent by the company to work at home，Customers must deal with them mainly companies rather than individuals。Under the conditions of the intermediary，Workers only find customers through the enterprise，After paying the intermediary fee for workers and customers，There is very little intersection with the enterprise。Enterprises do not implement strict management of workers，Workers do not accept the management instructions of the enterprise，Instead of negotiating directly with customers。In short,，intermediary system，The relationship between workers and enterprises is short、One -sided (limited to introducing customers)，is a market relationship (market exchange between different subjects);，The relationship between workers and enterprises is long -term、Comprehensive，Is an organizational relationship、Section Relations。

Why do Chinese housekeeping enterprises and housekeeping workers mainly choose intermediary instead of employee system? The key is the trading fee，Which form saves transaction costs，What form will companies and employees choose。Obviously，Due to the characteristics of the housekeeping work and the basic quality of housekeeping workers，It is very difficult to implement employee system management，Even if it is barely for it，It will also be too high due to management costs (coordinated costs), that is, the transaction fee is too high，It is difficult to follow。

Of course, people can find out the various disadvantages of the intermediary。But whether a management system is advanced、Feasible，It depends on whether it is compatible with the Bet365 lotto review characteristics of enterprises and workers。There is no absolute advanced management system in the world。Respect the actual situation，However, it emphasizes that housekeeping enterprises must change from intermediary to employee management，Not to take compulsory measures to interfere in what management system to adopt the enterprise。This should become our basic understanding。

　　(This article is the "Research on the Research on the Employment Relations of Housekeeping Workers in the Internet Times" (18ASH007) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Hangzhou Normal University、School of Social Sciences of Nanjing University)