"Handwork", the concept of popularization in recent years，It is usually considered derivative of Japanese vocabulary，It can be regarded as "handmade work" abbreviation。In general network expression，"Handwork" can also be simply understood as a personal DIY (do it yourself)，I do it by myself。As a professional phenomenon that emerges in the metropolis，"Handwork" has a short development time in China，But in the past ten years，The development of Internet technologies such as "interest tribe", "vertical community" and "instant communication"，greatly expand people's way of communication，It also breaks through the niche taste for "hand work"、Getting a wide range of market participation created conditions。Based on this，I think that "hand work" should be placed under the context of modern career development，Reveal the meaning of the unique era of the comprehensive development of modern people。

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Want to understand the rich connotation of the phenomenon of "handwork"，It is necessary to figure out its development context。From the conceptual meaning，"Handwork" is often considered a handmade work，Description of this activity，Sannett calls "craftsmanship activities" in "Craftsman"。He criticized the narrow understanding of handmade labor such as carpenters，I believe it should include a wider manual labor。From the perspective of the operation level，"hand work" and "craft" or "handicraft" are closer，The meaning of "hand -made skills or craftsmanship"，That is, "hand -made people" similar to a "handicraft"。In social development，Most traditional handicrafts are due to the role of large industrial mechanized production methods，Lost the practical value and bet365 Play online games gradually wither or disappear without trace。In some remote or ethnic areas with low levels of industrialization，Traditional handicrafts Due to the needs of daily life, surviving。This situation also prompted the government to from the perspective of protecting cultural traditions，Protecting traditional handicrafts in the name of "intangible cultural heritage"。The question is，The same handmade skills or craft skills，Why "hand -made" can be rejuvenated by the baptism of industrialization，Urban life rhythm of the era of remittance。

From a comparison perspective，Except production means、scale and market，Traditional handicrafts take the principle of "guarding art" as the first essential survival principle，Coupled with the continuation rules of the linear inheritance of the teacher，It will always lose it to the expansion of the industry。This is exactly the complete restoration of the "intangible cultural heritage" protection.，and the key to the succession of the representative inheritance。Different from this，"Handwork" will note that various traditional handicraft factors are in creation，Duoduo area、Multi -National、Cross -history multi -technique form is in your own body，Acting in daily creativity。At the same time，It rely on the Internet to realize global skills sharing，Universalization of tool materials and leisure time for social material foundation that relies on industrialized social material，Both some people can use this as a living，It can also attract some people to take it for this。It is also adhering to the above principles，"Handwork" to be new formats，In the trend of life of the times。

Prophering the individual's thinking about daily thinking

As described above，"hand work" conforms to the development of the times，Avoid the mistakes that repeat the decline of traditional handicrafts。So，For everyone who favored this kind of career phenomenon，What is the significance Bet365 lotto review of this counter -industrial measure? In many criticisms on the negative impact of industrialization，Marx's discussion is undoubtedly pioneering，He revealed and criticized the labor alienation of early capitalist production in "The Manuscript of Economics in 1844"。He believes that labor should be a activity for self -realization and self -development，But in fact it has become an alienation existence，Decar person's freedom and autonomy，Causes people with labor products、Labor process、The nature of people and others are alienated。After Marx，Scholars from technology、Reason、Natural、Consumption、Culture and other aspects，Comprehensive criticism of people's alienation situation。For example，Marcase pointed out，Under the technical and economic mechanism，People have lost criticism of people as the subject、Negative and transcendence has positive significance orientation，Eventually reduced to a "unidirectional person"。Also as Harvey said，Developed industrial society usher in universal alienation，"Alienation is everywhere，It is active in production、Family Consumption，and occupy a dominant position in most politics and daily life "。

"Handwork" contains the power of fighting against alienation。Technical innovation brings knowledge accumulation and inspires individual criticism to understand social reality，Where，Some of the "handwork" pioneers are consciously innovated in the subtleties of daily life and production labor，and attract more people to participate in it。Specifically，We can from the essence of labor、Labor process and labor product interpretation of "hand work"。First，"Handwork" as a hobby，Inner place drives individuals to actively practice or produce。People can experience the fun and happiness of labor through "hand work"、Value and meaning，The mature "hand work" production is mainly based on the aesthetics of "hand -made people"Bet365 app download ，Give full play to its creativity。It can be said，"Handwork" is to consciously satisfy myself、Develop self -activity。Second，Different from "solidified", "one -sided" and "mechanical" labor in large industrial production characterized by machine production and flowing operations，Individual participation from raw material collection to the entire production process of finished products，And design、Play version、Processing materials、Give the meaning of the meaning of high independence，and develop diverse production aspirations and production talents in "complete labor"，Get the integrity of personality。Last，Individuals can perceive the "hand work" object，You can also know it、possess it、Consumption it and even produce it。A complete interaction between the product and the producer，Anti -alienation state of people and their labor products。

　　Re -examine the industrialization logic

The reflection on people's alienation in the previous article is based on the reality of industrialization，Whether it is an early capitalist society or a developed capitalist society，Based on the logic of industrialization。Topovler pointed out in "The Third Inspur"，Industrial civilization takes standardization as the dominant principle。The scientific management method of Taylor is applied to industrial production，Standardized Great Walk，Society is gradually dominated by industrialization logic。Under the standardized shaping of the education system and workplace，People from thousands of plump、stereo、Unique、Complex differentiated individuals degenerate into "flat" standardized industrial products，Become an industrial -style labor force。The criticism of the logic of industrialization also runs through，The critical point of the cultural industry of Frankfurt parties is directly pointed out of the cultural industrialization characterized by standardization Bet365 lotto review and the lack of individuality，More scholars emphasize the value of de -standardized self -personality and diverse differences。"Handwork" developed in the soil in the times，Express a personalized self -imagination through practice，Actually it is the practice of reflection on industrialization logic。

One aspect，Personal characteristics of "Hands"、The complicated diversity of skills、Differential production of the production process shape heterogeneity。One，"Hands" at age、Gender、Education、Class and professional experience are different，There are young middle -class white -collar workers who seek new development due to professional burnout，There are also part -time students who are determined by personal interests，There are middle -aged participants who cultivate taste due to their leisure time，or a newer beginner who is just getting started，or the strength of deep into the pit "Tale"，Or in two states。Its two，Globalization、Cross -history technique elements can be captured by individuals and put into practice，Traditional handicraft、The skills and elements of foreign handicrafts and contemporary handicrafts are arranged and combined in specific practice，"Hand -to -person" shows different technical operations according to personal preferences and abilities，As a result, more uncertainty。Its three，"Handwork" is not restricted by the standardized and standardized machine，It is not forced by fixed or initial design and ideas，Instead, it depends on the instant feel and creativity of the individual in practice。

On the other hand，As a "handwork" part of a business method，Based on "hand -made experience" and "personalized customization"，To the maximum, the window that shows differentiation for consumers。Hand -work experience is generally in the form of short courses，Consumers learn simple skills、Use simple tools and materials，Experience bet365 best casino games your own fun in a short time。From this can be considered，This is a simple practice of expression of differences。Personalized customization invites consumers to participate in part of the production link，To meet its special appeals，For example, the imagination of consumers is incorporated into the design link，Or a unique imprint after finishing the finished product，Gives hand -containing hand -containing hand works with rich personalized characteristics with more unique meaning。

From the struggle against alienation to the positive response to the logic of industrialization，Scholars' understanding of the production method has always focused on people's autonomy。Labor alienation points to the state of the autonomy of people in industrial production，and the arrival of general alienation，The autonomy of a person is almost completely deprived at the level of behavior and consciousness。The deep reason for this process is the generalization and deepening of industrial logic。We can see，Standardized breakthrough production scenarios expand to overall society，Break the difference and personality，Then emphasize the autonomy of the person。When the loss of individual autonomy，The Internet era has brought opportunities for its return。

"Handwork" as the practice of craftsman in the current era，Put the individual's reflection on industrial society into practice，Re -establish the autonomy of people。On the one hand，Individuals continue to play initiative in the practice of "hand work"、Incorporate creativity、Practice all participation、Keep independent、Extended interaction，Beyond the understanding of labor and their own instrument，Active response to people's alienation state with critical thinking and practice。On the other hand，"hand work" through highlight individual characteristics、Diverse skills and practical differences，Continuously realize de -standardization，bet365 Play online games and in commercialized hand -made experience and personalized customization，rich emotion and meaning，In the practice of industrialization logic，shows the autonomy of multiple subjects to varying degrees。Generally speaking，"Handwork" provides the individual with the way to realize the way of self -realization and the chance of self -differentiation imagination，Repeat the return of individual autonomy，Vision of the comprehensive development of people。

　(Author Unit: College of Social and Population of Renmin University of China)