app bet365 download (1919-2015)，Famous contemporary Marxist literary theorist and critic、Lu Xun research expert。People from Nanhai, Guangdong，Former name Yang Xizhong，Also known as Yang Sizhong。Going to Yan'an in 1938，Study at the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University first，The following year, he transferred to the Department of Literature of Lu Xun Art Institute for further study。Served as a reporter for "Liberation Daily" in 1944，Later, deputy editor-in-chief of the literary supplement。1940s，Participated in the editing of "Chinese People's Literature and Art Series"。1950s，Served as editor of "People's Literature" and "Literary News"。Transferred to the Institute of Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 1954，Ren as leader of the modern literature group、Researcher。1957，Wrongly classified as "rightist"，Decentralized to rural areas。Autumn 1961，Taught in the Chinese Department of Gansu Normal University (now Northwest Normal University)，Teaching courses such as "Study on Lu Xun", "Study on Mao Dun", "Study on Cao Yu", "Lenin on Tolstoy"。Shortly after crushing the "Gang of Four"，app bet365 download was transferred back to Beijing，Served as head of the literary and art group of the Policy Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China，Editor-in-Chief of "Literary Theory and Criticism"、Honorary Editor，Editor-in-Chief of "Literary News"，Was elected as a member of the fourth committee of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles，The third session of the Chinese Writers Association、Member of the Fourth Council，President of the Chinese Socialist Literature and Art Society。app bet365 download in Literary Theory and Criticism、Published more than 100 important articles on Lu Xun research and other aspects，Published "Collection of Literary Criticisms" (1953)、"Literary Review Volume Two" (1956)、"On Lu Xun" (1984)、"app bet365 download's Literary Essays" (1984)、"Facing the New Era" (1993)、"Longxue Humanities Collection·app bet365 download Volume" (2015) and other works。app bet365 download's works have won the "People's Daily" Literary Criticism Award、Lu Xun Literature Award、“Five Ones” Project Award from the Central Propaganda Department、Multiple awards including the "Literary Review" Outstanding Paper Award from the Institute of Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences。

As a literary theorist and critic who started in Yan'an，app bet365 download’s theoretical research and critical practice have been marked by the times from the beginning。In his early review article，We can clearly see the influence of Yan’an Spirit。His commentary creation and theoretical exploration always run through a line of revolutionary realism，Achievements and experiences in summarizing revolutionary literature、Exploring the direction and path of healthy development of realist literature，He can always consciously adhere to the fundamental principles of historical materialism and the basic spirit of dialectical materialism。What is particularly noteworthy is，In all his theoretical writings，We can all directly or indirectly see the influence of Mao Zedong’s “Speech at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art”。

　　app bet365 download-Leninism: for the Communists“Lifelong Issue” and “app bet365 download Belief”

1942，app bet365 download published an article titled "About Image and Thought" in "Liberation Daily"，The discussion of artistic images and ideological tendencies had a great influence at the time。Zhou Yang once told him，Chairman Mao praised his views，I think the person who wrote this article is a thoughtful person。For app bet365 download，Learn and implement the principle of seeking truth from facts advocated by Mao Zedong and the spirit of realism in Russian and Soviet literature，It can be said to be his most important harvest during his time in Yan'an。At that time, app bet365 download was very fascinated by Western literature, especially the realist literature in Russian literature。Whether it is Jial Xun’s novel "Red Flower"，He is also a writer with modernist tendencies like Antreev，As long as his works profoundly express real life，app bet365 download will never put it down。Yan’an’s spirit of seeking truth from facts，It made him firmly believe that "nothing can compete with reality"。This laid a solid foundation for his lifelong insistence on realism theory。

Learning during the Yan’an period，Intensified app bet365 download’s revolutionary and scholarly enthusiasm。He said in an article in memory of Zhou Libo，Zhou Libo is like a calm scholar，In the course "Selected Readings of Masterpieces"，He talks about Gorky，Talking about Tolstoy，Talk about Mérimée...Zhou Libo’s analysis of the works is not only meticulous、Clearly organized，And it’s so sweet，Plus he behaves elegantly、Personal，Soon won high praise among classmates。In this article，app bet365 download also talked about Zhou Yang and He Qifang: Zhou Yang "talked about art theory"，New Literary History Movement，Riding from the city to the school to give us lectures once or twice a week，Sometimes they are barefoot and wear straw sandals。He is always eloquent，There is a kind of logical power that attracts and even scares people”；He Qifang’s lectures are very distinctive，He takes a writing internship class，Comment on students’ homework in every class，The poet-like enthusiasm and profound literary accomplishment left a very deep impression on app bet365 download。

After the founding of New China，app bet365 download has been active in a series of literary and artistic theoretical explorations and ideological debates。As a "Critic of the Republic"，He published two collections of literary criticism in 1953 and 1956，It had a great impact at the time，Many of these articles still have extremely important enlightenment significance。Everyone knows，Mid-1950s，A popular formula in the literary and art circles、Conceptualization、Formalism、Vulgar Socialism、Negative tendencies such as mechanical materialism，Suppressed the vitality of socialist literature and art，This is especially harmful to young people who have just entered the literary world。1956，app bet365 download in his report on "Several Issues Concerning the Characteristics of Literature and Art"，Calling on literature and art to respect special laws，It is recommended that young people go deep into the fiery life，Promote writing truth、Pay attention to image thinking。These are discussions that hit the mark on current issues in the literary world，Undoubtedly a resistance to vulgar sociology，Played a positive role in guiding young writers。In app bet365 download’s opinion，“We must develop revolutionary literature and art，First of all, we must have a strong revolutionary literary and artistic team，The primary problem of a strong revolutionary literary and artistic team，It’s a matter of ideological construction”。We must solve the problem of ideological construction，Nature cannot be separated from theoretical research，This may be the reason why app bet365 download, who has literary and artistic ideals, attaches great importance to theoretical research。

Due to the special historical background and various complex reasons，Early days of the founding of New China，“Left” ideological trends are quietly growing and spreading in some fields。The situation in terms of ideology is，"Mechanical Reflection Theory" takes great strides，"Mechanical teleology" is all the rage。According to the memories of literary critic Tu Tu，In the field of literature and art at that time，The slogan “Literature and art serves politics” is simplified、One-sided and vulgar。Some literary theory and criticism articles at that time，Ignore the complexity and uniqueness of mental labor，Equating literary and artistic creation with "craftsmanship" based on drawings，Literary and artistic works are valuable in their original form of "spiritual individuality"，Being simply used as a "mouthpiece" for the real society。app bet365 download feels that this wrong tendency has had a negative impact on young socialist literature and art。He immediately started writing the article，Call loudly for the "authenticity" and "artisticness" of literature and art，Trying to pour cold water on the erroneous trend of literary and artistic thought that is gradually gaining momentum。

However，The tree wants to be quiet but the wind doesn’t stop，This trend of literary and artistic thought later intensified。This bad tendency makes app bet365 download deeply anxious。He said in the article "Lu Xun Struggles for Realism in Literature and Art"，The particularity of literature and art that is different from other ideologies lies in its "artistic authenticity"，“No artistic authenticity，There will be no artistic life。The political and social value of art cannot exist without the authenticity of art”。“Separate the authenticity of art from the educational role of art，The result is the political education role of art，Becomes added to the authenticity of art。This not only damages the authenticity of art，And this way，Even from the perspective of political education，It can’t be clumsy。” ("app bet365 download Memorial Collected Works") app bet365 download's righteous action of adhering to the truth，It was actually used by some people with serious sectarian ideas，Became one of the important charges that labeled him as a "rightist"。

Many years later，app bet365 download never forgets Comrade Chen Yun’s speech emphasizing political learning during the Yan’an period。Chen Yunshuo，Studying politics is not only good for your works，It is also good for the writer’s conduct as a person，Politics can make people "open their horizons，Enlarge your mind”，Can make people "go a little stingy，Be less sentimental”。“Comrades who do literary and artistic work，We should act according to reality，Tell the truth，Listen to the truth，This is for gays、For the party、For the entire new literary movement，It’s all beneficial，All necessary。"app bet365 download pointed out in an interview at the age of 95: Studying Marxism，"Not graduated，Only a lifetime”，No matter what job we do，Everyone must “study Marxism-Leninism as Comrade Chen Yun emphasized，This is the lifelong subject that has the greatest impact on our thinking，It is the fundamental belief pursued by us Communists”。

　　Dialectical unity: historical materialism and complex app bet365 download and artistic issues

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee held in 1978，marks that the Chinese people have entered a new period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization。From now on，Politics in Contemporary China、Military、Economy、Technology、Education、Cultural and other aspects are moving towards full opening up。While gradually achieving a series of world-renowned achievements in all walks of life，All kinds of Western modern and contemporary literary and artistic thoughts are also pouring in like a tide，Under the mud and sand。For this，app bet365 download clearly proposed the idea of ​​“building a Chinese Marxist literary theory”，And to uphold the guiding position of Marxism、I have put a lot of effort and sweat into enriching the connotation of Marxist literary theory。As Professor Liu Wenbin said，app bet365 download relies on his solid Marxist theoretical foundation and deep understanding of the development history of Chinese and foreign literature and art，To literature, art and politics、Art and Life、The subject and object of art、Writer’s world view and creation、Realism and reflection theory、Human nature and class in literature and art、Rationality and irrationality in artistic creation、Major theoretical problems such as historical materialism and literary methodology，Conducted detailed and in-depth exploration，Proposed many profound and original insights，has made outstanding contributions to the construction of Chinese Marxist literary and artistic theory。(Liu Wenbin: "Study on Chinese Literary Theorists in the New Era")

Early stage of reform and opening up，Due to some people’s one-sided understanding of “economic construction as the center”，There are abnormal phenomena in society such as "those who sell missiles are not as good as those who sell tea eggs" and "the brain and body are upside down"，Money worship is rampant。This kind of phenomenon is especially serious in the field of literary and artistic theory。Many "new trendy" opinions，Concepts such as "party spirit", "class character", "people's character" and "ideology" in literary theory only involve the "external laws" of literature and art，True literary research must explore "internal laws" and "return to literature itself"，Literary research must “turn inward”。Meanwhile，Requires “diversity” in guiding ideology，Proposed the "obsolescence theory" of Marxism-Leninism，It is popular to think that Mao Zedong’s literary and artistic thought is just a “wartime literary and artistic policy”。Some people even call for "a comprehensive overthrow and reconstruction of the existing literary theory system"！In the face of all kinds of "new trend theories" that aggressively disparage Marxism，app bet365 download pointed out clearly: "The guiding role of Marxism in literature and art，Also and its entire political life in China、The guiding position in ideological life is the same，It’s confirmed，Prepared，Without Marxism, there would be no socialism，There is no socialist literature and art。” (app bet365 download: "Facing the New Era")

In app bet365 download’s view，Marxist literary theory is a science based on the most advanced philosophy to date。"The kind of literature and politics that Marxism reveals、Literature and social life、A series of important aesthetic principles such as the writer’s worldview and creative methods are said to be ‘external laws’，It cannot be established in theory，It will also bring harmful consequences in practice。”“It provides the theoretical basis for the kind of literary criticism that abandons ideological requirements for artistic creation。”“If we must ask whether the universal laws expounded by historical materialism are external laws or internal laws for literature and art，That can only be said，This is the most profound、The most common internal law。"app bet365 download also combined the experience of Lu Xun's research，Effectively refutes the "theory of Marxism's obsolescence"。He said: "In the last ten years of Lu Xun's creation and activities，Highlights the significance and role of Marxism in a talented writer，Highlights the infinite vitality of Marxism。”As a loyal defender of Marxist literary theory，app bet365 download takes on the mission with a mission that would be better than mine，Standing at the forefront of contemporary literature and art for decades。Facing various theoretical phenomena and cultural trends，He firmly believes that “only Marxist historical materialism can solve all complex literary and artistic problems”。app bet365 download thinks，Marxism is not a dogma imposed by the Communist Party，In the process of literary and artistic research，The reason why our theorists and critics must insist on the guiding position of Marxism，It’s not because you have to “obey orders”, that is, create and criticize according to the wishes of the ruling party，But because Marxism is a truth repeatedly proven by historical practice，The Communist Party of China takes Marxism as the theoretical basis of its guiding ideology，The fundamental reason is also here。

"Rejection of Marxist literary and artistic thought，Being vilified，The phenomenon of being marginalized，app bet365 download deeply regrets it。For this，He advocates re-reading classic texts，Strive to understand “what Marxism originally said，And what do those who criticize Marxism say now，Are the two the same thing?”。Truly understand the spiritual essence of Marxism through intensive reading of classics，And apply Marxist theory to the specific practice of Chinese literature and art。Anyway，Must adhere to the truth、Pragmatic attitude and stance，Study hard and study Marxism in depth，Continuously enrich and develop the connotation of Marxist literary theory。

Then，How should we enrich and develop the connotation of Marxist literary theory？app bet365 download thinks，The fundamental way to solve the problem is to adhere to "integration of theory and practice"，It is to “summarize practical experience”，It is necessary to summarize the practical experience of the country，We must also summarize the experience of world literature，Especially to summarize the experience of world socialist literature。He opposed “basing our main hope on learning modern Western literary theory”，But he also emphasized that “we should not simply oppose the study of modern Western literary theory，I used to adopt a simple attitude of exclusion in the past，Not appropriate”。He used Freud as an example，Comments: “Freud’s ‘pansexuality’ is very absurd，His problem lies in putting things into perspective、The fragment is infinitely exaggerated，If it were not such an infinitely subjective exaggeration，But seek truth from facts and apply it within a certain range，Then his theory has merit。His doctrine of the subconscious，His theory that dreams are the modified realization of repressed wishes，Enriching and deepening our understanding of the human psychological world，Thus also expanding the knowledge field of dialectical materialist epistemology。” (app bet365 download: "Facing the New Era")

As app bet365 download said，Modern Western literary theory as a whole has obvious limitations，But there are also some "grains of truth" that can be used for reference。This requires specific explanation of these literary theory thoughts、appropriate evaluation。As Liu Wenbin pointed out，app bet365 download’s research and criticism on Western literary theory，Like his subconscious、Intuition and stream of consciousness、Discussions of the absurdists etc.，“It seems normal today，Nothing，But at the time they were proposed，But it requires the courage of a theorist。Especially since these conclusions are written by an older generation Marxist literary theorist，In the literary world at that time，Once played a role in inspiring people、The role of giving guidance”。(Liu Wenbin: "Study on Chinese Literary Theorists in the New Era")

app bet365 download is an older generation literary theorist and critic who grew up in the Yan’an era，Although the number of published works during his lifetime was not too large，But every one of his articles reflects the historical mission and era responsibility that a Marxist literary theorist should have，Especially its method of solving complex literary and artistic issues from the perspective of historical materialism，It has extremely important reference and enlightenment significance for current literary theory and criticism。

　　"app bet365 download feelings": indifferent to fame and fortuneMarxist app bet365 download warrior

As everyone knows，A writer’s pen name is often the sustenance of his ambition or feelings。Comrade app bet365 download’s original name is Yang Xizhong，What does he mean by giving himself the pen name "app bet365 download"，Many people have asked this question，But the author is indifferent、The rigorous writing of app bet365 download，Never found the exact answer。Not only that，We also noticed，Even a friend who has worked with app bet365 download for many years，When talking about the pen name "app bet365 download"，Also often unclear，It seems that no reliable written source can be found。Based on some articles commemorating app bet365 download，The origin of the pen name "app bet365 download"，There are at least two popular sayings: one is，app bet365 download was born in a village called "app bet365 download" in Nanhai, Guangdong，In Nanhai dialect, "yong" means "small river"。app bet365 download is grateful to his hometown，So the village name is a pen name。Another way of saying it is，"Chen" is his mother's surname，"Chong" means "small river" in Nanhai dialect，"app bet365 download" means "the river nestling in my hometown"。It doesn’t seem to matter whether these two statements are true or false，The important thing is that app bet365 download wants to use this to express his ambition of "not forgetting the original intention" and "not losing the fundamentals"，We tend to understand the profound meaning of app bet365 download’s pen name in this way。Because app bet365 download spent his whole life，Modest and prudent，Indifferent to fame and fortune，Let the times change，Always stick to the true nature of Qingliu，This "little river feeling" may be a reflection of app bet365 download's spiritual character。

A retired editor-in-chief of "Literary Theory and Criticism" magazine recalled，In 1986, the magazine invited 67-year-old app bet365 download to come back to the world，Because he is “a big tree” in everyone’s eyes。And people found out，After more than twenty years of hard work，app bet365 download actually always regards himself as "a weed"。"No matter the political quality、Theoretical Ethics、Work style，It’s still about the details of life，This is the case。In order to run our publication well，He works hard without complaining，No compensation，Not for vain fame；In order to lead our group of junior students，He worked hard，Working tirelessly，Take the trouble。"Lu Xun once said: "As long as you can cultivate a flower，You might as well be a decaying rotten grass。"Lu Xun's spirit of "being willing to be a rotten grass"，Outstanding performance in app bet365 download。

According to Li Wenrui’s memories，app bet365 download worked at Gansu Normal University (now Northwest Normal University) for 17 years，Everyone felt personally that “he is a highly respected professor，A mentor and friend respected and loved by young teachers，He is loyal to his duty，Clear distinction between public and private affairs，Adhere to principles，Calm and rigorous in dealing with things，Patience and meticulousness，Diligently，Hard work and no complaints；Humble and easy-going，Heart for heart，Don’t sing high-key，Don’t put on airs，No tricks，Thus winning unanimous praise from everyone”。At a special report meeting to teach young teachers about academic experience and methods，Proposed by app bet365 download，Doing learning should be like farmers farming，Always do "soil and water conservation"。The so-called "soil and water conservation"，First, we must constantly think about existing knowledge，Review the past and learn the new；The second is to be “targeted”，Put knowledge into practice。In the process，Several "unities" must be achieved: the unity of Marxists and literary theorists；The unity of warriors and scholars；The unity of life and composition；The unity of party spirit and people’s spirit；The unity of combat and science；The unity of reality and history；Unity of theory and practice；The unity of criticism and appreciation。These "unities" are app bet365 download's high-level summary of his academic experience，Later called "app bet365 download Style" by the literary and art circles。

The edge of a sword is sharpened，The fragrance of plum blossoms comes from the bitter cold。The establishment of "app bet365 download Style"，With its thousands of streams turning into water、Inseparable from the endless "river feelings"。app bet365 download has a famous saying: Marxist study，"Not graduated，Only a lifetime”！Even during illness or injury，He never stopped learning for a day。Even if it is decentralized and transformed，He can always find every opportunity to read and think。Friends in Gansu still remember his diligent study while burning the boiler。A friend said in an article recalling app bet365 download: “Every time I visit the hut where he lives in seclusion，He is studying hard，The bed is filled with open books，From ancient Greece to Marx，From Chen Laolian Water Margin leaves to Titian、Photocopies of Raphael’s works，He talked about the art of architectural sculpture，Even more treasures。”

app bet365 download is a senior intellectual and deputy ministerial cadre，Should enjoy relatively high treatment according to national regulations，But whether he is working in an institution or attending academic activities in the city，Never ask for a car from your employer。He often carries an old small schoolbag，Take the subway or squeeze into the bus。Once，He broke his arm while squeezing the bus，Colleagues persuaded him to get a car，He said that taking the bus can better experience the lives of ordinary people。app bet365 download lives a very simple life，Never pay attention to food and clothing，Some poems about "bad clothes and bad food are better"，The style of a celebrity who is neither a Buddha nor an immortal"。1979，When Chen Yonggang arrived at the Policy Research Office of the Central Secretariat，The guard mistakenly thought he was in the wrong direction，Reject entry。After showing your work permit，He was mistaken for a boilermaker again。One more time，app bet365 download asked for directions while on a business trip in Shanghai，After the other party pointed the way and walked away，I came back specifically to give him many additional explanations。Original，The kind guide was afraid that this seemingly "illiterate" old man would get lost again。app bet365 download never takes this kind of misunderstanding seriously，On the contrary, he is proud of being regarded as an ordinary worker。

In app bet365 download’s article "My Mourning" in memory of Comrade Zhou Libo，He told a thought-provoking story。1951，Zhou Libo's "The Storm" won the Stalin Prize for Literature。When someone brings a large bundle of RMB bonus，Zhou Libo seems to have made some mistake，Acting flustered、At a loss。People heard quickly，Zhou Libo donated the prize money to the nursery of the Writers Association。app bet365 download sighed，This is Zhou Libo，How simple，How simple！Those who want to gain privileges after making a little contribution，How can we be compared with such a person？In app bet365 download’s eyes，His teacher Zhou "has always been a writer loyal to the cause of revolutionary literature，He never used his literary achievements and social reputation as capital for personal gain，He has not been contaminated by the so-called "learning and excellence will lead to officialdom" thought，Willing to share joys and sorrows with ordinary people，This allows him to always maintain full creative enthusiasm and vibrant creativity"。("app bet365 download Memorial Collected Works") app bet365 download's evaluation of Zhou Libo is apt。Actually，Use this paragraph to comment on app bet365 download himself，Also appropriate。

　(The author is the chief researcher of the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Researcher at the Institute of app bet365 download, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)