Chen Yong (1919-2015)，Contemporary famous Marxist literary theorist and critic、Lu Xun Research Expert。Nanhai, Guangdong，Original name Yang Yanzhong，Also known as Yang Sizhong。1938 to Yan'an，Study at the Anti -Japanese Military and Political University first，Transfer to the Department of Literature, Literature of Lu Xun Academy of Arts the following year。Reporter of Liberation Daily in 1944，Later Deputy Editor -in -Chief of Literary and Art Supplier。2040s，Participate in the editor "Chinese People's Literature and Art Series"。The 1950s，Editor of "People's Literature" and "Literature and Art" editor。In 1954, I was transferred to the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Leader of the Modern Literature Group、Researcher。1957，Militted as "right"，Disposal rural。Autumn 1961，Teach at the Chinese Department of Gansu Normal University (now Northwest Normal University)，Discussion of "Lu Xun Research", "Mao Dun Research", "Cao Yu Research", "Lenin On Tolstoy" and other courses。Shortly after crushing the Gang of Four，Chen Yong was transferred back to Beijing，He has served as the leader of the Literary and Art Group of the CPC Central Committee Policy Research Office，"Literature and Art Theory and Critic" editor -in -chief、Editor -in -chief of Honorary，Editor -in -chief of Literature and Art，He was elected as a member of the Fourth Committee of the China Literary Federation，The third session of the Chinese Writers Association、Director of the 4th Council，President of the Chinese Socialist Literature and Art Society。Chen Yong in literary theory and criticism、Lu Xun's research published more than a hundred important articles，Published "Literature Review Collection" (1953)、"Literature Review Episode 2" (1956)、"Lu Xun Theory" (1984)、"Chen Yong Literature Collection" (1984)、"Before the new period" (1993)、"Long Shang School of Humanities Staying · Chen Yongjuan" (2015) and other works。Chen Yong's works have won the "People's Daily" Literature Review Award、Lu Xun Literature Award、The "Five One" Engineering Awards for the Central Propaganda Department、A variety of awards and other awards such as the "Literature Review" Institute of Literature of the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences。

As a literary theorist and critic that started in Yan'an，Chen Yong's theoretical research and criticism practice has been marked with a clear era from the beginning。In his early comment article，We can clearly see the influence of Yan'an spirit。His comments and creation and theoretical exploration always run through a revolutionary realism route，Summarizing the achievement and experience of revolutionary literature、Exploring the direction and road of the healthy development of realism and literature，He can always consciously adhere to the basic principles of historical materialism and the basic spirit of dialectical materialism。Especially worth noting is，In all its theoretical writings，We can all see the influence of Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium" directly or indirectly。

　　Bet365 lotto review "Lifetime Title" and "Fundamental Faith"

1942，Chen Yong published an article entitled "About Images and Thoughts" in the Liberation Daily，The exposition of artistic image and ideological tendency was a greater impact at the time。Zhou Yang once told him to say，Chairman Mao praised his point of view，Thinking bet365 best casino games of this article is a thoughtful person。For Chen Yong，Learning to implement the principle of seeking the truth advocated by Mao Zedong and the realism spirit in Russian and Soviet literature，It can be said that he was the most important harvest in the Yan'an period。At that time, Chen Yong was very obsessed with Western literature, especially realist literature in Russian literature。Whether it is Garumi's novel "Red Flower"，Still Antrev, a writer with modernist tendencies，As long as its works deeply express real life，Chen Yong will love it。Yan'an's realistic seeking is spirit，even made him firmly believe that "everything can't be true"。This laid a solid foundation for his life insisted on realistic theory。

Learning during the Yan'an period，Enhance Chen Yong's revolution and academic enthusiasm。He said in an article that misses Zhou Libo，Zhou Libo looks like a calm scholar，In the "Selection of Masterpieces" course，He talks about Gorky，Speaking Tolstoy，Speaking of Merri ... Zhou Libo's analysis of the work is not only meticulous、Clear rules，and listen to it，plus his own manner、Persistence，Soon I won a high praise among my classmates。In this article，Chen Yong also mentioned Zhou Yang and He Qifang: Zhou Yang "speaks art theory，Talking about the History of New Literature，Ride from the city every week to tell us one or two times，Sometimes I wear straw shoes barefoot。He is always arguing，There is a logical force that attracts people or even deter people "; He Qifang's lecture is very distinctive，He wrote an internship class，Each class must comment on students' homework，The poet's enthusiasm and profound literary accomplishment left a deep impression on Chen Yong。

After the founding of New China，Chen Yong performed active in a series of literary theory exploration and trendy disputes。As a "Critics of the Republic"，He published two literary reviews in 1953 and 1956，It had a greater impact at that time，Many of the articles still have extremely important enlightenment significance。Wish to know，In the mid -1950s，Formulating in the literary world、Conceptualization、formalism、Vulgar Socialism、A negative tendency such as mechanical materialism theory，Suppressing the vigorous vitality of socialist literature，This is particularly harmful to the youth who just entered the literary world。1956，Chen Yong's report on "Several Issues on Literature and Art"，Call for literature and art to respect the special laws，It is recommended that young people go deep into the hot life，Promote writing real、Pay attention to image thinking。Talking about the current disadvantages of cutting Chinese altars，It is undoubtedly a kind of resistance to vulgar sociology，It played a positive guiding role for young writers。From Chen Yong's view，"To develop revolutionary literature and art，First of all, there must be a strong revolutionary literary team，The first problem of the strong revolutionary literary team，Is the issue of ideological construction "。To solve the problem of ideological construction，Naturally inseparable from theoretical research，This may be the reason why Chen Yong, who is pregnant with literary and artistic ideals, pays attention to theoretical research。

Due to the special historical background and various complicated reasons，Early in the founding of New China，"Left" Missing Tide quietly grows and spreads in some areas。The situation in ideology is，"Mechanical Reflection Theory" high -silent -view step，"Mechanical Objective Theory" is popular for a while。According to literary theorists Tu Tu Memories，In the field of literature and art at the time，The slogan of "Literature and Art Services" is simplified、Bet365 app download One -sided and vulgarization。Some literary theory and criticism articles at that time，Ignore the complexity and uniqueness of mental labor，Equal literary and artistic creation is equivalent to "process operation" according to the figure，Literature and art works This is an original "spiritual individuality" form，being simply regarded as a "spear" in real society。Chen Yong's pain This error has a negative effect on young socialist literature and art。He immediately started writing an article，"The authenticity" and "artistic" of loudly calling literature and art，Try to spill a scoop of cold water for the wrong literary thought tide for the gradual fever。

But，Trees want to be quiet and windy，This tide of literary and artistic thoughts later intensified。This bad tendency makes Chen Yong deeply feel anxiety。He said in the article "Lu Xun, who struggle for the realism of literature and art"，Literature and art is different from other ideology. The particularity of other ideology lies in its "artistic authenticity"，"No art authenticity，There is no artistic life。The political value and social value of art can not leave the authenticity of art "。"Simbolizing the authenticity of art and the role of artistic education，The result is the role of art's political education，It has become an additional。This not only damages the authenticity of art，And this practice，Even at the perspective of political education，It can’t be poor。"(" Chen Yong Memorial Collection ") Chen Yong's righteous action that insists on truth，It was used by some people with serious sectarian thoughts，Become one of the important guilty of playing him as "right"。

After many years，Chen Yong Nian Nian did not forget the speech during the Yan'an period that Comrade Chen Yun emphasized political learning。Chen Yun said，Learning politics is not only good for works，It is also good for the writer to live，Politics can make people "let go，Eliminate your mind "，Can make people "get some stingy，less sentimental "。"Comrade doing literary and art work，It should be done in actual work，Saying the old truth，Listen to honesty，This is for comrades、For the party、For the entire new literary movement，All are good，All are necessary。"Chen Yong pointed out in an interview at the age of 95: Marxist learning，"No graduation，Only Lifetime "，No matter what we do，All must be "Learn Marxism -Leninism like Comrade Chen Yun's emphasis，This is the lifelong topic that has the greatest influence on our thoughts，It is the fundamental beliefs pursued by our Communists "。

　　Dialectical unity: historical materialism and complex literary problems

The Eleventh Central Plenary Session held in 1978，It marks a new period for the Chinese people to enter the reform and opening up and socialist modernization。From this，Politics of contemporary China、Military、Economy、Technology、Education、Culture and other aspects are all open to open。Gradually achieved a series of attractive achievements in all walks of life，Western modern and contemporary literary thoughts pour in like a tide，Drop by sediment。For this，Chen Yong Banner clearly proposes the claim of "building a Chinese Marxist literary theory"，and persist in the guidance of Marxism、Rich Marxist literary theory connotation has paid a lot of effort and sweat。As Professor Liu Wenbin said，Chen Yong relied on his solid Marxist theoretical skills and a deep understanding of the history of Chinese and foreign literary and art development，For literature and politics、Art and Life、The subject and object of the art、Writer's worldview and creation、Realism and reflection theory、Humanity and class of literature and art、Reason and irrational in artistic creation、Historical Bet365 app download materialism and literary methodology and other major theoretical problems，Detailed exploration of meticulous and in -depth，I have proposed many profound and unique insights，Make outstanding contributions to the theory of Marxist literary and artistic theory to build a Sinicization。(Liu Wenbin: "Research on Literature and Art Theorist in China")

In the early stage of reform and opening up，Because some people understand the one -sided understanding of "economic construction"，There are abnormal phenomena such as "it is better to sell missiles than selling tea eggs" and "inverted brain"，Gold Benefitism is very arrogant。This phenomenon is particularly serious in the field of literary theory。Many "trendy" views believe，The concepts of "party spirit", "class", "people", and "ideological nature" in literary theory all involve only literary and artistic "external laws"，Real literary research must explore "internal laws" and "back to literature itself"，Literary research must "turn inward"。At the same time，Require guidance of "diversification"，Put forward Marxism -Leninism "Overpowers"，It is believed that Mao Zedong's literary thought is just a "time art policy" and other remarks.。Some people even ask for "implementation of overall overall and reconstruction" to the existing literary theory system! Faced with the "trend theory of trendy theory" that might derogate Marxism，Chen Yong's banner clearly pointed out: "Marxism’s guiding role in literature and art，Also with its entire political life in China、The guiding position in ideological life is the same，Is it determined，Put it，Without Marxism, there is no socialism，No socialist literature。"(Chen Yong:" Before the New Period ")

From Chen Yong's view，Marxist literary theory is science with the most advanced philosophy so far。"The kind of literature and politics revealed by Marxism、Literature and social life、A series of important aesthetic principles such as the worldview and creative method of the writer is said to be ‘external law’，It cannot be established in theory，It will also bring harmful consequences in practice。"" It is exactly providing the theoretical basis for the kind of literary criticism for art creation of art to abandon ideas。"" If you must ask the general laws stated in historical materialism, whether it is an external law or internal law for literature and art，That can only say，This is the deepest、The most common internal laws。"Chen Yong also combined with Lu Xun's research experience，strongly refuted "Marxist Overpowers"。He said: "The last ten years of the creation and activities of Lu Xun，Highlight the meaning and role of Marxism in a genius writer，Highlighting the unlimited vitality of Marxism。"Loyal Guardian as Marxist literary theory，Chen Yong as a kind of mission to give up with me，For decades, I stick to the frontier of contemporary literature and art。Facing the theoretical phenomenon and cultural trend of various colors，He firmly believes that "only Marxist historical materialism can solve all complex literary problems"。Chen Yong believes，Marxism is not a dogma for the Communist Party to impose people，During the research process of literary and artistic research，The reason why our theorists and critics must adhere to the guiding position of Marxism，Not because of "obeying", that is, creative and criticism in accordance with the wishes of the ruling party，but because Marxism is the truth that Marxism has repeatedly proved by historical practice，The theoretical basis of the Communist Party based on Marxism as guiding ideology，The fundamental reason is also here。

"Revisque，Ugly，Borderization "phenomenon，Chen Yong feels deeply sorry。For this，He advocates re -reading classic text，Try to figure Bet365 app download out "What does Marxism originally said，and now what those who criticize Marxism are what they say，Is the two of them the same thing "。The spiritual essence of Marxism through the intensive reading classic，and apply Marxist theory to the specific practice of Chinese literature and art。In short，Must persist with the truth、The attitude and position of seeking truth from facts，Work hard to learn and study Marxism，Connotation of continuously enriching and developing Marxist literary theory。

So，How should we enrich and develop the connotation of Marxist literary theory? Chen Yong thought，The fundamental way to solve the problem is to adhere to "theoretical connection actual"，It is to "summarize practical experience"，Both the experience experience of the country，Also summarize world literary experience，Especially to summarize the experience of world socialist literature。His opposition "Build the main hope on learning Western modern literary theory"，But he also emphasized that "we should not simply oppose learning Western modern literary theory，In the past, a simple rejection attitude，Not proper "。He takes Freud as an example，Evaluation said: "Freud's" pan -sex "is very ridiculous，His question is the part of the matter、The clip made unlimited exaggeration，If it is not such an infinitely subjective exaggeration，Instead, it is applied in a certain range of things，So his doctrine is desirable。His subconscious theory，His "Dream is a kind of doctrine of stressing the desire to be reached"，Rich and deepen our understanding of people's psychological world，This has also expanded the knowledge field of dialectical materialism theory。"(Chen Yong:" Before the New Period ")

As Chen Yong said，Western modern literary theory has obvious limitations in terms of its overall，But there are also some "granules of truth" that can be used for reference。This requires specific theory and ideas、Appropriate evaluation。As Liu Wenbin pointed out，Chen Yong's research and criticism of Western literary theory，If he is subconscious for the potential、Intuition and conscious flow、Absorption and other discussions，"It seems that it seems normal today，Isn't it nothing，But at the time they proposed，But the courage to have the theorist。Especially these assertions come from an older generation of Marxist literary theorist，On the literary world at the time，Over the deafening、The role of guidance fans "。(Liu Wenbin: "Research on Literature and Art Theorist in China")

Chen Yong is a older generation of literary theorists and critics who grew up from the Yan'an era，Although the number of published works during lifetime is not too much，But each of his articles reflects the historical mission and era responsibility of a Marxist literary theorist，Especially the method of solving complex literary problems in accordance with historical materialist views，It has an extremely important reference and enlightenment significance for the current literary theory and criticism。

　　"Little River feelings": indifferent fameMarxist liberal arts warrior

Wish to know，The pen name of a writer is often the sustenance of its aspirations or feelings。Comrade Chen Yong's former name Yang Yanzhong，What is the meaning of "Chen Yong" such a pen name for himself，Many people have asked this question，But the author is indifferent to others、In the rigorous Chen Yong's writings，I never found the exact answer。Not only that，We also noticed，Even friends who have worked with Chen Yong for many years，When talking about the pen name "Chen Yong"，Also often unknown，It seems that I have not found a reliable written source。Look at some articles that miss Chen Yong，"Chen Yong" The reason for the pen name，The more popular saying is at least two: one is the saying that it is，Chen Yong was born Bet365 app download in a village called "Chen Yong" in Nanhai, Guangdong，"Yong" in the South China Sea dialect is the meaning of "small river"。Chen Yong is grateful to his homeland，Therefore, the village name is the pseudonym。Another saying is，"Chen" is his mother's surname，"Yong" means "small river" in the South China Sea dialect，"Chen Yong" is "the small river in the hometown"。It doesn't seem to be important for these two claims，The important thing is that Chen Yong wants to entrust his ambition to "not forget the original intention" and "fundamental fundamental"，We tend to understand the profound meaning of Chen Yong's name。Because Chen Yong finally lives in his life，Be humble and cautious，Carest on fame and fortune，Due to the change of the times，Always adhere to the original color of the stream，This "small river feelings" may be used as a portrayal of Chen Yong's spiritual character。

"Literary Theory and Critical" magazine's retirement editorial review memory said，1986 Magazine, the 67 -year -old Chen Yong, Chen Yong, was out of the rivers and lakes，Because he is the "one big tree" in the eyes of everyone。and people discovered，After more than 20 years, it is touched and rolled，Chen Yong actually always treats himself as "a weed"。"Whether it is political quality、Theoretical ethics、Work style，Still life details，All of them。In order to handle our journal，He is resentment，I don't tire of annoyance，Don’t try to fame; in order to bring our batch of post -school，He is worried about，Farewhere，I don't tire of annoyance。"Lu Xun said:" As long as you can cultivate a flower，May wish to do the rotten grass。"Lu Xun's spirit of" sweet grass "，There is a prominent performance on Chen Yong。

According to Li Wenrui's memory，Chen Yong worked at Gansu Normal University (now Northwest Normal University) for 17 years，Everyone feels "He is a highly respected professor，Young teachers respect the loved teachers and friends，He is loyal to his duty，Public and private division，Perseverance Principles，Calm and rigorous work，Patience and meticulous，Diligence，Renpu resentment;，Change the heart with the heart，Do not sing high -key，No shelf，Don’t play with a flower cavity，So I won the praise of everyone "。At a special report meeting for young teachers to teach young teachers，Chen Yong's proposal，Learning should be like farmers farming，Frequent "soil and water conservation"。The so -called "soil and water conservation"，First, keep thinking about existing knowledge，Nutraitter knows new; the second is "targeted"，Apply knowledge to practice。In this process，We must achieve a few "unity": the unity of Marxists and literary theorists; unity of warriors and scholars; unity of people and composition; unity of party spirit and people; Unity with history; unity of theory and practice; unity of criticism and appreciation。These "unity" is Chen Yong's high summary and summary of academic experience，Later, it was called "Chen Yongfeng Fan" by the literary world。

Bao Jianfeng out of sharpening，Plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold。The establishment of "Chen Yongfeng Fan"，Interesting Wanjuan Water、The endless "small river feelings" cannot be opened。Chen Yong has a voice -made famous saying: Marxist learning，"No graduation，Only a lifetime "! Even during the period of illness or injury，He never stopped studying for a day。Even if it is decentralized，He can always read and think about stitching and thinking。Friends in Gansu still remembers the figure of diligent reading when he burn the boiler。A friend said in a memories of Chen Yong: "Every time I go to the hut where he lives，He is reading hard，The bed is buckled with the open book，From ancient Greece to Marx，From Chen Laotian Bet365 app download Water Margin Leaf to Titani、Raphal of Raphael's works，He talks about the art of building carving，It is even more like a treasure。”

Chen Yong is a senior intellectual and deputy ministerial cadre，According to national regulations, you should enjoy a higher treatment，But whether he goes to work or go to the city to participate in academic activities，Never ask the unit for a car。He often holds old schoolbags，Take a subway or a bus。One time，He broke his arm when he crowded the bus，Colleagues advise him to take a car，He said that taking a bus can better experience the life of ordinary people。Chen Yong's life is very simple，never pay attention to eating and wear，A little bit "Better clothing and bad poems，7799_7812。1979，When Chen Yonggang went to the Policy Research Office of the Central Book Office，The gatekeeper mistakenly thought he was wrong，Refuse it to enter。After presenting the work permit，He is mistaken for boiler workers again。Another time，Chen Yong asked the way when he was on a business trip in Shanghai，After the other party goes away,，I came back to make many additional exponents to him。Original，Good intention to fingers in life is afraid of this old man who looks "unknown" and lost again。Chen Yong never cares about such misunderstandings，On the contrary, it is proud of being regarded as ordinary workers。

In Chen Yong, I miss Comrade Zhou Libo's article "My Mourning"，He tells a story that is deeply provinced。1951，Zhou Libo's "Storm Rain" won the Stalin Literature Award。When someone brought a large bund of RMB bonus，Zhou Libo seems to have made any mistakes，Passionate performance、I don't know what to do。People soon heard，Zhou Libo donated the bonus to the nursery of the Association。Chen Yong sighed，This is Zhou Libo，How simple，How simple! Those who want to engage in privileges for those who have contributed a bit，How can it be compared with such people? In Chen Yong's eyes，His teacher Zhou "always a writer who is loyal to revolutionary literature，He never regards his literary achievements and social reputation as a capital for personal gain，He has not been contaminated by the so -called ‘learning and excellent agent’ thought，willing to share with ordinary people with ordinary people，This keeps him always maintaining full creative enthusiasm and enthusiastic creativity "。("Chen Yong Memorial Collection") Chen Yong's evaluation Zhou Libo can be described as appropriate。Actually，Use this passage to comment on Chen Yong's own，It is also appropriate。

　(The author is the chief researcher of the Innovation Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Researcher at the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)