Emeritus Professor of Anthropology, University of Cambridge、Lifelong Academician of King’s College, University of Cambridge、Academician of the British National Academy。Focus on comparative research on the origins and characteristics of the modern bet365 code，Main research direction is history、Legal History、Historical Demographics、Anthropology、Sociology、Computing and Visual Media。Author of "The Origins of British Individualism", "Letter to Lily: How the bet365 code Works", etc.。

I am very glad to have the opportunity to participate in the academic exchange activities organized by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences。Here，I want to discuss how to understand China、Japan、The four civilizations of Europe and the Anglo cultural circle。What I mainly want to discuss bet365 code time is a major trend in the 21st century，That is, the center of gravity of global power shifts from the West to the East。

I will use a concise and easy-to-understand diagram to illustrate bet365 code problem (see the picture below)。bet365 code chart illustrates the rapid shift in the center of gravity of the global economy。The first is to move from the east to the west，Then from the west back to the east。Now，bet365 code transfer has obviously had a huge impact，Also leads to stressful and tense situations。bet365 code is in many ways similar to what happened when the British Empire was replaced by the American Empire。Many claim，bet365 code will likely lead to World War III and other problems。I would like to discuss bet365 code background in more depth，Because I believe that in order to avoid disaster we must understand each other，bet365 code is also my duty as an anthropologist。What an anthropologist has to do is to contact and try to understand another culture，Then explain it to the people of the country。Therefore，Cross-cultural understanding is the fundamental goal of anthropology，bet365 code is also what I try to achieve on a larger scale。

In bet365 code short speech，I hope I can shed more light on your issues。As the saying goes，Teach a man to fish，It is better to teach people how to fish。If interested，Can conduct in-depth research，Chinese translation of related content will be available soon。In addition，You can also read a Chinese book I published about 10 years ago。bet365 code book is a compilation of my speech at the Wang Guowei Memorial Lecture at Tsinghua University in 2011。It provides a partial explanation of the current problem，Mainly for Western countries，That is, the Anglo cultural circle，Especially explains British culture and its derivatives, American culture and other cultures。It explains the situation when the original democratic government did not have certain principles (such as the rule of law, etc.)，How modern Western civilization was born。The transcript of my speech at Wang Guowei Memorial Lecture was compiled into the book "The Birth of the Modern World"，You can start extended research based on bet365 code。

On the other side of the world，It is the Chinese cultural circle represented by China。Over the past 20 years，I visit China almost every year，Visited 17 times in total。Three or four years ago，I decided to summarize everything I know about China into "A Book to Teach You to Understand China"，The Chinese version of the book will be released soon。It is based on Westerners’ view of China，Trying to explain the current situation in China to my friends and colleagues，bet365 code is my second question，That is, the two ends of the world。

Now，I want to talk about the third question related to the topic of bet365 code speech，That is, a book about four civilizations，It attempts to establish corresponding principles for the four civilizations that stand in the world。Islamic civilization is not mentioned in the book，But in condensed versions published in other countries，I devoted a chapter to discussing issues related to Islamic civilization。Everyone can see，The Chinese version of "China just released in China、Japan、Europe and the Anglo World: A Comparative Study of Four Civilizations" (hereinafter referred to as "A Comparative Study of Four Civilizations") has a world map on the cover，It shows the civilization that stands in the world。bet365 code book draws on the ideas of Samuel Huntington's "The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order" to a certain extent。I simplified the nine different civilizations in Huntington's book into four: light blue refers to the Anglo cultural circle，That is, countries where English is a common language，The orange color represents the Chinese cultural circle represented by China，The other is the Japanese cultural circle，The less conspicuous blue and purple represent the European cultural circle。

What do these cultural circles that dominate the world mean?？Civilization，In my opinion，Refers to having a common culture，Regions that often share a common language，But civilization does not necessarily mean common government。It represents a social system、A world view，It brings from South America to Portugal，Or people from the UK to Australia unite closely。Different countries may belong to the same sphere of influence，Or the same culture，bet365 code is what I call civilization。

"A Comparative Study of Four Civilizations" aims to explain to interested readers what are the main structural units of human society，And how they work，Because many people don’t know anything about it。They know their country，You may also know the cultural circle you are in。They know，The British and Americans have many similarities，But if you ask them，How Japanese society and Chinese society work，What is the difference between Britain and Europe，They just asked a question and didn’t know anything。They never thought about it，I have not studied these issues in depth。I hope that by explaining these differences, I can promote better coexistence of these different civilizations，The purpose is not to form a single civilization based on the Anglo-Chinese cultural sphere or the Chinese-speaking cultural sphere，But let civilizations continue to coexist，However，bet365 code needs to be based on objective understanding。

I use a lot of metaphors in "A Comparative Study of Four Civilizations" and other books，I hope to avoid conflicts，Promote a harmonious situation where civilizations coexist。I once used a metaphor about music: the whole world can be seen as an orchestra。The Anglosphere is like a piano，The Chinese cultural circle is like a violin，The European cultural circle is like a cello，Wait。They each have their own characteristics，Each has his or her own strengths，Cooperate with each other at the same time，Will not try to dominate or force the other party。Another metaphor is the big tree。I think，They are oak trees、Ash tree，Or bamboo，Together we make up what we call a forest。In bet365 code forest，All kinds of trees coexist harmoniously。These trees are densely packed，Squeezed。But in general，They can coexist perfectly。bet365 code is a very vivid metaphor。

I use the method of tracing the source，Start understanding these civilizations from the source。Because as Tocqueville pointed out using bet365 code method，We are largely determined by seeds – using a plant metaphor，The seed is the initial form。In bet365 code case，Take the Anglo cultural circle as an example，The history of the Anglo-Saxons goes back 1500 years，In the meantime came the Anglo-Saxon laws、Political and social systems。Take China as an example，China has a much longer history，Various civilizations that can be traced back to early China。After that comes Confucianism and Buddhism，But its foundation is Taoism，And a very ancient family system。Interesting thing，The situation in Europe is quite similar。Europe is based on two conflicting civilizations，Roman civilization and Greek civilization respectively，until 4、Still dominating Europe in the 5th century。Then the Anglo-Saxon civilization also appeared，bet365 code can also explain why there are conflicts in European history，The cycle continues。

Japan has a very ancient shamanic civilization。The shamanic civilization spread from China to Japan has been passed down to bet365 code day，Many characteristics of shamanic civilization have been continued，I will explain bet365 code a little bit。The concept of “continuity in evolution” is crucial to all bet365 code。Japanese philosopher Masao Maruyama once proposed: The deep elements of culture always continue，He calls it a "stubborn bass"。The superficial cultural elements are always changing，But at a basic level，Elements like language，For example, Chinese language or writing，But we will adhere to the principle of constantness in the development process。Therefore，The underlying syntax is immutable，Many elements on the upper level are changing rapidly。In some respects，Britain also retains the traditions of Beowulf and Chaucer。So for me，"Comparative Study of Four Civilizations" reflects the change in my own thinking mode。bet365 code book and one or two recent publications bear witness to bet365 code change。As an Anthropologist，My first concern is the status at the community level，For example, a village in the Himalayas、A county or village in England，And bet365 code is how my first work was completed。Then，I moved up to the national level and wrote several books about Britain and other countries。

Over the past 20 years，With the continuous advancement of global integration，I realize we should look more from a higher level，That is, thinking about problems from a civilized perspective。The decisive factor in our world is civilization，instead of country。But sadly，Ethnic groups and countries are still fighting each other。Unified actions only occur in certain multinational companies or Chinese-speaking cultural circles，Or in the Anglo cultural circle。bet365 code is also a problem we need to understand，It seems very difficult to do。But I found，We can learn from the methods of some of the great social science theorists，For example, Max Weber、Methods of Karl Jaspers, Tocqueville and others，bet365 code helps us better understand the nature of a civilization and its many characteristics。

In various chapters of "A Comparative Study of Four Civilizations"，I explained the family system separately、Ideology、Political system、Legal system and other issues。It is not difficult to simply describe a civilization，bet365 code means，Once we pass the trip、Read、Learned about various parts of civilization by browsing news，Then we can build a broader picture from bet365 code，Then we become more tolerant and understanding，It is also harder to draw negative conclusions，And bet365 code is precisely the source of many problems currently。

I think，There is no need for various bet365 code to conflict or fight to the death。There will be some competition between bet365 code，And the competition in Western countries is indeed very fierce，But if we can understand each other，Be tolerant，And try to be more empathetic，Then we can build a better world。Because we are human，We have too many similarities，Although due to historical reasons，Cultural and social differences have long existed among bet365 code。