Discourse mode is the expression of the relationship between social structure and ideology，It is also a concentrated reflection of actual social changes，It reveals the unique trajectory of historical evolution。The mainstream discourse shaped by state power and the daily discourse in the life world of ordinary people are the two clues to see through the complete historical picture。The discourse of workers under China’s work unit system is the logical starting point for understanding China’s socialist practice and the overall historical process of industrialization。“The working class is the leading class in our country” is a concentrated expression of this discourse，It is also the political basis for strengthening the sense of ownership of the unit people。In the unit’s production practice and daily life，The property rights cognition formed based on the political status of the unit people and the sense of ownership constitutes a profound unit app bet365 download。The discourse of “workers are the owners of enterprises” is an important way for us to understand the transformation of China’s socialist factories and their property rights relations，It is also a unique perspective for studying China’s reform process。Under the premise that the overall unit system is gradually disintegrating，The oral description of the unit becomes the perspective of the industrial history of New China、An important perspective to glimpse the inner texture of institutional changes。

　　The oral narrative of the unit as the owner of the enterprise: property rights discourse and unit app bet365 download

During the field work on oral histories of state-owned enterprise employees in different regions，There is a common phenomenon: there is continuity between the narratives of unit people as “socialist builders” and the narratives of unit people as “reform participants”，There are also differences。On the one hand，For the same historical event in the unit change，The same actor will give different versions of the story due to the changes in his or her own life course；On the other hand，People in different units are based on their own social situations and experiences，Exhibit reflective expressions on the unit app bet365 download and collective discourse that they once identified with。There is an obvious "app bet365 download rift" formed between the "individual app bet365 download" presented by the individual narration of the unit people and the "social app bet365 download" presented by the collective discourse。In addition，Different expressions of people in the same unit when recalling the same event also show a "app bet365 download bias"。Cracks in the memories of people from different units regarding the same event，Should be regarded as "cross-validation" in a methodological sense，It is still "everyone expresses his own opinion" of discourse construction？How can the "app bet365 download bias" narrated by people in the same unit about the same historical event confront the methodological appeal of the "authenticity" of oral history？Use the above questions as a guide，The author attempts to base his experience on the field work described by units in many places，Responding to the methodological difficulties of oral history through the expression of state-owned enterprise employees’ property rights cognition and unit app bet365 download。

Oral expressions and app bet365 download presentations of historical parties，Can be regarded as more than just a historical illustration full of vivid details，Can also be seen as a unique discourse pattern that lacks historical coherence。Recollections and narrations of the observation and experience of employees in different historical periods as “business owners”，Provides an excellent historical reference for us to understand the macro process of unit system change。Generally speaking，Our understanding of the industrial construction and worker groups in New China，Rely more on the top-down historical accounts of the country。Through this authoritative historical writing and colorful historical depiction，We can feel the magnificent industrial construction of New China and the rising enthusiasm of the workers for production。Under the planned economic system，The property rights discourse of "workers are the owners of enterprises" is consistent with the political expression of "the working class is the leading class"，"The masters of state-owned enterprises" and "the masters of the socialist country" are unified。The words of ownership are not just top-down slogans，It is also workers’ simple knowledge of property rights。After state-owned enterprises experienced the baptism of property rights reform，Some workers reiterated the slogan "workers are the owners of the enterprise" to emphasize the status and rights of employees。Although there is a certain tension between these two different discourses on property rights，But they are all based on the recognition of the socialist property rights system and unit organizations。

　　The Paradox of app bet365 download: Methodological Challenges in Oral History Research

Whether it is the "app bet365 download rift" between "individual app bet365 download" and "social app bet365 download"，The "app bet365 download bias" displayed by people in the same unit regarding the same event in different ways is a warning to us，Oral history researchers have to face the methodological challenge of the “app bet365 download paradox”，That is, the contradiction between historical "authenticity" and social "constructivity"。Many historical cases and research practices also show that，Those involved in some important historical events often only speak their “family’s words”。Whether it is an "intentional" discourse construction，It’s still an “unintentional” self-expression，All show the creation of history or the “reconstruction” of history by the parties involved。The “constructive narration” of history by the oral narrator will directly or indirectly affect the shape of history itself。Whether it is a natural event or a social event，Witnesses under different time and space conditions or even the same time and space conditions will have "differences" in app bet365 download。

Actually，As far as the "reality of memories" itself is concerned，There are also two types of “objective authenticity” and “subjective authenticity”。Facing the interaction between "past history" and "present experience"，Paul Connerton points out in the book "How Society Remembers": "Our experience of the present，Much depends on what we know about the past；Our image of the past，Usually serves to legitimize the current social order。”Although positivist sociology emphasizes the study of collective representations，But in terms of the knowledge generation process，It is difficult to say which is better between the sociology of collective app bet365 download and the phenomenology of individual app bet365 download，Just like the experiential individual app bet365 download of a unit person and the institutionalized collective app bet365 download composed of official discourse, each has its own value。Individual app bet365 download is sometimes inconsistent with collective app bet365 download，The split between the two is precisely one of the possible ways to reflect on history’s “approaching the truth”。Therefore，The key to the problem is not just the reality of history，What is more important is how the fleeting individual life process manifests its own sense of existence in the long history？Or how can the underlying memories of ordinary people and “unknown people” have a “place” outside of official discourse and mainstream narratives？This is not just about the perspective of how to look at history，Also involves the action question of how to create history。

Whether it is plain and humble "lowercase history"，There is still a "capital history" with a futuristic orientation，Modernist history writing is a movement with inherent directionality，It is a problematic expression of “interests”，Achieve ideological narrative by constructing the "real past"。Narrative as a unique discourse mode，Incorporate a specific sequence of events in chronological order into a language structure that can be understood and grasped by people，Thus giving it meaning。app bet365 download Studies as an Interdisciplinary Field，There is no generally accepted definition，There is no methodological coordination，But whether it is the way history deals with app bet365 download or the way sociology deals with app bet365 download，We all face a common problem: how to conceptualize problems in app bet365 download research。Therefore，Thinking about app bet365 download impacts thinking about history itself as a “form of knowledge”。In other words，Generation of app bet365 download、Expression and reflection of true form are directly related to the fundamental issue of knowledge production process and knowledge production mechanism。

Although the complete picture of app bet365 download and historical truth is regarded by postmodernists as a "fiction"，But we must eventually face history，Whether it is the history in which we live，It’s still the history we rack our brains to think about”，Complete and clear app bet365 download is the prerequisite throughout both histories。The integrity and fragmentation of app bet365 download are two sides of the same issue。Internal production practice of socialist factories through unit personnel、Labor process、Management Mode、Experiences and memories of social mobilization and emotional interaction patterns，We can discover a different history，That is, it can capture the micro mechanism in the macro historical context of the transformation of the property rights system of state-owned enterprises。The unit person who is the "business owner"，Experiences and statements in different historical periods，Provides an excellent micro perspective for us to understand the macro historical process of unit change。As an oral history researcher，Most scholars emphasize their own position: they must strive to be a "mouthpiece" for ordinary people to listen and a "megaphone" to "speak for the bottom class"，But when we reflect on the tension between authenticity and construction in ordinary people’s speech，It seems that it is also necessary to reflect on being a researcher，Is it possible that “speaking on behalf of the bottom class” may unknowingly evolve into a subjective “voice changer”？Therefore，It is even more necessary for us to revisit Bourdieu’s proposition of reflective sociology: the research process and the researchers themselves should also be regarded as objects of reflection。Of course，This is also the key for sociological researchers to transcend the methodological challenges of oral history。

　　(Author’s affiliation: Department of app bet365 download, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University)