"Ten theory，World Book Publishing Co., Ltd., May 2022 Edition) Author thinks，If the moral thinking of pre -Qin Confucianism is presented in accordance with the history of the development of traditional philosophy，A mechanical segmentation and deliberate divisions will inevitably be carried out，This will greatly reduce the breadth of research、depth and thickness，It is better to return to the pre -Qin Confucian question itself，Research the moral philosophy of the Qin Confucianism in the method of problem。

Based on this，The author extracts ten major problems from the pre -Qin Confucian moral philosophy: the identity of heaven and man、Different from Poultry、Different from the inside and outside of benevolence、Ren Li Zhi、Blood of Yili、Different from Quan Ji、Across the gentleman and villain、Destiny of Righteousness、Wangba's discern、Confucianism and Law。Around these ten problems，The whole book mainly selects Confucius、Disciple of Kongmen、Zisi、Mencius、Xunzi and other pre -Qin Confucian representatives expanded。As Chapter 4 "Ren Li Different"，The author first summarizes and reflects on the Western Zhou Dynasty ceremony bet365 live casino games and music civilization，Special mention of the Spring and Autumn Period，Facing the reality of ritual collapse，Many scholars thought at the time，It is impossible if it is simply recovering Zhou Li from the code system，The connotation and depth of the ritual and music civilization must be re -given，and re -establish the foundation of ritual music civilization。This idea is a ritual for Confucius，and then the idea of ​​reaching Ren Li Chang has an important impact。

The core of Confucius thought is benevolence or ritual，At present, there are different views in the academic circles。The author believes that the core of the Confucius thought is benevolence after detailed discrimination。Ren is both fundamental to Confucius、Central concept，It is a wide extension、The category with a wide range of generalization。In benevolence，Basis contains emotion、The power of will，also includes moral behavior、Political practice。If no one has no Rende as an inner basis，Lile and Mile Culture cannot talk about，The ritual and music system will only have one empty shell left。So，Jianren — the subjectivity of human inner morals — established first，This is the priority of moral behavior such as followers，And the main body of this benevolence is more related to the entire morality of Confucius、Construction of the political ideological system。

Confucius' treatment of Ren Li Relations，Affecting disciples，and the subsequent bet365 best casino games Sisi of Simon School、Mencius。This book thinks，In Confucius，On the one hand、Gifts are very important，But at the same time, benevolence does have precedent and basic; and such an internalization tendency，Passing the disciple of Kongmen、Zisi、After the processing of Mencius，The basic view of the Confucianist's discerning of Ren Li，This view has also become the mainstream of later generations。but but，Xunzi has different opinions on this view，He looks more important。This is because of，When it comes to Ren Li Zhi, I have to mention the ritual school represented by Xunzi，Although they also acknowledge the extremely high value of benevolence，But the emphasis is more emphasized in moral practice、The practical significance in political practice。Therefore, it is necessary to discuss their righteousness discrimination alone。The author consciously uses the comparative research method to find the difference between Confucius and Xunzi's discerning discussion，Then present the difference between the views of different ideologicalists within the pre -Qin Confucianism。

The book passes through internal comparison、Comparison of China and the West、Ancient and modern comparison、Comparison of China and the West，Highlight the value of the pre -Qin Confucian moral philosophy，As Chapter 2 "Different from Poultry"。Whether it is Mencius or Xunzi，The distinction between bet365 Play online games their birds and poultry is all from the point of human Lun，It's just that Mencius pays more attention to the moral consciousness and value judgment of the human mind in the human mind，and Xunzi value the people's consciousness and ritual specifications in the people in the humanity。This difference is specific differences under the affirmation of human Lun。Actually，Mencius has a sober consciousness of the character ethics in the humanity，So he has the division of Wu Lun; Xunzi also recognizes the moral consciousness in the humanity，If he pointed out that the wicked is a lack of moral consciousness，"Hearts Like a Tiger Wolf，Like a beast "。

In order to further identify the distinction between human poultry，The author also introduces the pre -Qin Zhuzhizhong Taoist、The point of view of the Mo Family，Compare it with pre -Qin Confucianism。Because Taoism fundamentally advocates naturalism and deny people's morality，So they basically oppose the dislike of birds and poultry。Elimination of human and poultry is the basic tendency of Taoist non -human moral naturalism。It is precisely because of the perspective of the Dao family and poultry，Only to set off the significance of the dislike of human poultry to the construction of moral philosophy for Confucianism: if the fundamental differences between people and beasts cannot be confirmed，The moral uniqueness of a person cannot prove，and then the morality Bet365 lotto review of the human world cannot talk about。In Mozi's view，The basis of human and poultry is that people must pay great efforts to survive and develop。So，Mozi's moral philosophy and even political philosophy are the factors that eliminate all harmful harm to the day after tomorrow，Constructing a society that is most conducive to people's efforts。Mozi Although the recognition of human birds，But because of the different perspective of the argument，The final result is completely different。

The author compares the discrimination of the pre -Qin Confucian and poultry with Western moral philosophy，Pre -Qin Confucian and poultry distinguishas to highlight people's benevolence、Li、The moral uniqueness of righteousness，Do not ignore the animal's desire that people cannot escape、Love、Body，This indicates that Confucian moral philosophy is neither physical and mental、Forgotten the physical disadvantages，Putting people between individuals and society，The relationship between the uniqueness and dependence of the people。

The pre -Qin Confucian moral philosophy establishes moral supremacy，The biggest threat to morality is Li，Therefore, the discern of righteousness is a problem that Confucianism must face。In fact，Yili Zhizhi is not only an important issue during the pre -Qin period，Putting in contemporary is still a very important question。So，What is the revelation Bet365 lotto review of the pre -Qin Confucianism of the righteousness of Confucianism to today? The author discovered it after comparing it with Western moral philosophy，Pre -Qin Confucian attitude towards righteousness of righteousness，It is not simply splitting righteousness，Instead, the concept of righteousness that advocates combining morality and efficacy theory。

Confucius' righteousness of the righteousness is judgment、At the same time，Also requires reasonable private interests and demands for community public interest。Yili Zhizhi gets prominent in the Simon School，It is advocated that the moral behavior of the person should never mix any selfish motivation，and must be pure morals，But Mencius actually has space for the benefits of ordinary life。The meaning of Xunzi is the meaning of social organization，So it naturally requires public interest and oppose private interests，But the private interest he opposed is an opposition、Private interest of expansion，instead of the general profit of life。Therefore, from the perspective of Confucianism，It is impossible without the meaning of public interest，It is absolutely not desirable for private interest without righteousness，Gongli and righteousness are the combination of one -combined。Obviously，Facing problems caused by righteousness and interests，The righteousness Bet365 lotto review of the pre -Qin Confucianism has given the views and solutions better than Western moral philosophy。

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