With the rise of Marxist political bet365 live casino games research，The political criticism of young Marx has once again become the focus of attention。Since "Critique of Hegel's bet365 live casino games of Right" is a text directly aimed at Hegel's bet365 live casino games of state，The relationship between Hegel and Marx on several political bet365 live casino games issues，Naturally, it becomes the focus of attention。However，Research both at home and abroad，Often directly concerned with issues of political bet365 live casino games，Therefore, relevant research has been better promoted at the research level of practical bet365 live casino games。In theoretical bet365 live casino games research，Especially regarding Marx’s philosophical stance during the period of the German-French Yearbook，Contemporary practical bet365 live casino games research basically defaults to the traditional view，It is generally believed that the young Marx turned to philosophical materialism under the influence of Feuerbach，But this philosophical position，Far less important than the young Marx’s turn to the social and political field。This article thinks，Unable to fully understand the philosophical stance of "Critique of Hegel's bet365 live casino games of Right"，Not only the young Marx’s dual criticism of Hegel’s bet365 live casino games of law，That is, the separation of political criticism and metaphysical criticism；What’s more important，Ignore the connotation of philosophical materialism，It will also weaken the materialist aspect of historical materialism，Resulting in the tendency of contemporary Marxist philosophical explanations to unconsciously slide towards objective idealism。

　Repositioning "Critique of Hegel's bet365 live casino games of Right" in bet365 live casino games

Regarding Marx’s philosophical stance in the period 1842-1843，The academic community basically maintains a consensus on opinions。With the political shift towards radical democracy and communism，Marx and some members of the Young Hegelians began to accept philosophical materialism in bet365 live casino games。This philosophical materialism comes from Feuerbach’s humanistic materialism，The reason why "humanities" are highlighted，Of course it is because Feuerbach highly emphasizes the real existence of perceptual people。However，Feuerbach himself did not regard himself as a "humanist"，In the introduction to Principles of Future bet365 live casino games，He believes that the real bet365 live casino games is "the bet365 live casino games of the future"，A philosophical formation that no longer uses the language of the old metaphysics。"Principles of Future bet365 live casino games" is not "Future bet365 live casino games"，It is only aimed at "absolute bet365 live casino games" - the metaphysics of bet365 live casino games-theology isomorphism represented by Hegel's bet365 live casino games，At most, it is a general program of philosophical anthropology，It’s not even a new bet365 live casino games。Put it this way，Humanistic materialism one-sidedly summarizes Feuerbach’s philosophical stance，It is not entirely equivalent to the philosophical materialist position that was deeply influenced by the young Marx。

Since Althusser’s famous division in “In Defense of Marx”，It is extremely disgraceful to hold humanistic materialism in bet365 live casino games。Most scholars have grasped the fact that the young Marx began to criticize Feuerbach’s bet365 live casino games in 1844，Many emphasize that humanistic materialism is a very short immature stage of young Marx。Hiromatsu Wataru even thinks，Marx only expressed strong resonance with Feuerbach，And keep a certain distance from it from the beginning。Although similar conclusions are only related to the development of Marx’s thoughts，But the dislike of materialist bet365 live casino games has already emerged。With the foreshadowing of these conclusions，Many scholars would think，Whether it is the "self-awareness" philosophical period，Still Marx in the period of philosophical materialism，Due to failure to obtain corresponding knowledge and inspiration from the field of political economics，Therefore, the actual beginning of historical materialism has not been touched。So，Understanding Marx’s bet365 live casino games from 1842 to 1843，Attention should be paid to Marx’s interest in the field of social history，Those clues about property content in the political history reading notebook，Introduction，"Critique of Hegel's bet365 live casino games of Right" and "On the Jewish Question" have a strong focus on civil society issues，Nothing more than preparation materials leading to the first attempt at criticizing political economy in 1844。

These studies help us focus on Marx’s problem domain，But the shift in the problem domain does not mean that the philosophical position can be easily dismissed。This means，An analysis of the philosophical foundation of young Marx，By no means does it mean to weaken with the emergence of the political economy dimension，On the contrary it is more significant，What if the young Marx’s fundamental philosophical stance has quietly changed，So whether it is political bet365 live casino games or political economics critical research，There will be a shift in theoretical stance unconsciously。Based on this，The philosophical materialism of "Critique of Hegel's bet365 live casino games of Right" needs further clarification。

　　The deep meaning of "bet365 live casino games and predicate reversal"

Whether it is Feuerbach's "Provisional Outline of the Transformation of bet365 live casino games"，It’s still Marx’s “Critique of Hegel’s bet365 live casino games of Right”，The most impressive philosophical method is "subject and predicate reversal"。On the surface，Hegel’s logic makes ideas as subjects，Existing things as objects，Absolute idealism is to let ideas dominate reality。“Subject and predicate reversal” only adjusts the position of the subject and predicate，Feuerbach reversed divinity into humanity，Marx reversed the state into civil society。It is said，This is the so-called philosophical materialism，It directly obtains its own philosophical form by directly reversing absolute idealism。

Based on this understanding，Scholars quickly pointed out the philosophical limitations of "subject-predicate reversal"，It relies on pure logical conjugation，It cannot truly break away from the metaphysical foundation laid by idealism，Still the formal opposition within the old bet365 live casino games，There is no fundamental transcendence of the old bet365 live casino games。These conclusions are self-justifying，But they understand "subject and predicate reversal" in a literal sense，So it still fails to get to the point。

Feuerbach has long pointed out that speculative bet365 live casino games has inverted theology in the field of bet365 live casino games，Still equal to the Reformation’s inversion of theology in the religious field。What he is trying to show is，Determine the rational basis of religion，This is nothing more than making bet365 live casino games a religion。Marx saw this very accurately，And call it Feuerbach’s philosophical merit: “Proving that bet365 live casino games is nothing but religion that becomes thought and is illuminated by thought，It is just another form and way of existence of the alienation of human nature，Therefore，bet365 live casino games should also be condemned。"This is to say，A mere inversion of words within thoughts，It is impossible to transcend the self-produced immanence of thought，Thus moving towards the true reality。

Same，"Critique of Hegel's bet365 live casino games of Right" criticized Hegel's bet365 live casino games of law for the first time as "logical、Pantheistic Mysticism” refers to Section 262 of Principles of Legal bet365 live casino games。Marx pointed out，Although Hegel claimed that “the concept of reality” is his subject，In fact, it uses "the inner imaginative activity of concepts" as the subject。We know，Viewpoint based on materialist bet365 live casino games，Real things correspond to the true concepts of reality。But Hegel did not take the true concept of reality as the subject，Instead, use "imaginary concepts"，Obviously reversing the latter’s position does not yield the actual truth。At this time，We should know clearly，The so-called "subject and predicate reversal" is nothing more than determining the only philosophical starting point，That is, real things that exist。For Feuerbach，This refers to an emotional person；For Marx during the period of "Critique of Hegel's bet365 live casino games of Right"，This refers to individuals in civil society。Even if they are different，But the subject of reality is determined “outside” of speculative bet365 live casino games，And jump to the "outside" of bet365 live casino games to think，This is the key point of "subject and predicate reversal"。

　　bet365 live casino games realityAnd the bet365 live casino games of sublating finite things

As Carl Lovett said，Let bet365 live casino games become a truly human cause，Can be seen as the biggest commonality between young Marx and Feuerbach。But what are the stipulations of people as real subjects？"Critique of Hegel's bet365 live casino games of Right" takes individuals in civil society as real subjects，It has been decisively distinguished from the dimension of “perceptual individuals”。

Marx’s positive elaboration of the “real subject” mainly appears in the critique of legislative power。The core content of this part is to determine the premise of the separation of civil society and political state，The duality of a single person，That is, the separation and opposition between individuals as private individuals and individuals as citizens。Facing personal dualization and division，Marx determined that the "subject of reality" is private，Not a citizen，In fact, bet365 live casino games depends on his judgment on the content of the political state stipulated by civil society。Since civil society is the real content of the political state，The political state is civil society in disguise，Natural "citizen" is also the disguise of private person。“Citizen” is like Hegel’s “Imaginary Idea”，bet365 live casino games’s just the internal self-argument and self-production of ideology。

But，"Critique of Hegel's bet365 live casino games of Right" also breaks away from a purely intuitive stance on civil society。Marx was not satisfied with civil society and its private individuals，This fact is based on the direct reality of civil society，Only based on the finite nature of finite things，Still "crude materialism"。This "crude materialism" conceals the dialectics of civil society itself，And can only obey the external regulations of civil society，The freedom gained by self-regulation becomes out of reach。Therefore，“Real subject” after denying Hegel’s political state，It has returned to the starting point of Hegel’s criticism of Smith and other national economics，It requires Marx to connect Hegel’s critical thesis，But give a different response than Hegel。

So，In the passage dealing with the self-sublation of civil society，Marx also emphasized the infinite dimension of finite objects，That is, civil society can only abandon its own content，Civil society can obtain infinite content in its limitation。In other words，Finite objects not only take themselves as the subject，Moreover, we must self-deny the defining relationship of our own existence，thereby sublating oneself，Realize infinity from your own finiteness，Thus achieving social freedom。In this sense，"Critique of Hegel's bet365 live casino games of Right" is philosophical materialism，In other words，It affirms that the movement of real things is the only subject of bet365 live casino games，The dialectical movement of real things in the socio-historical dimension will always require the self-innovation of philosophical materialism。

　(bet365 live casino games article is part of the National Social Science Fund’s major project “Research on the New Path of Chinese Modernization and the New Form of Human Civilization” (21&ZD012) phased results)

(The author is an associate professor at the School of bet365 live casino games, Fudan University)