The origin of agricultural civilization is an important research content for plant archeology，Generally involves the planting and livestock breeding industry，The core is the planting industry，Research objects include grain、Edible plants including vegetables。The physical evidence that best reflects the origin of ancient agricultural civilization is the plant relics unearthed excavated by archeological excavations。Through comprehensive combing of plant relics，Systematic explanation of research results of plant archeology，It has important academic value and practical significance。

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The origin of the ancient Chinese agricultural civilization can be divided into two sources of origin: first, the origin of northern dry work represented by planting millet and crickets distributed along the Yellow River Basin; The origin of southern rice, which is represented,。

From the middle of the primitive agriculture era，Solid is the first place in grain crops，is the most common food in the northern people。Alias ​​of millet is，Used to call the farmer and farmer，"Society" later became the name of the country。Pei Ligang Culture and Magnetic Mountain Culture, located at the intersection of the intersection of the large plains in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River，Cultivated millet sites have been found in dozens of places，It constitutes the earliest known agricultural area known in the Yellow River Basin。The primitive ancestors in the area used planting millet as an important source of life，More than 80 cavities piled up in bet365 best casino games the millet，The original reserves are estimated to reach more than 100,000 kg。

In Oracle and the Book of Songs，"黍" appears many times。黍 is most suitable for crops that are newly opened in wasteland，It is a good raw material for brewing。After the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period，A decrease in the wasteland，The status of 黍 in grain crops has declined，But still north、The main food crops of the ancestors in the western region。In the culture with Pei Li Gang、The economy of Ci Mountain Culture is similar to Southern Shaanxi Lijia Village Culture and Longdong Dadi Bay Culture，It also found the cultivation relic of cultivation more than 7000 years ago。

　　滮 滮 north, immersed in rice fields: Archaeological plant archeology

The Yangtze River Basin is another center of the origin of my country's agriculture，Not only did the origin very early，and there is a significant difference from the Yellow River Basin。lower reaches of the Yangtze River，A rich cultivated rice relics were unearthed from the Zhejiang Yuyao Hemu Ruomu site and the Luojiajiao site of Tongxiang。There are tens of cm thick rice in the Hemu Du site、Stacks of straw and rice shells，and a large area，It is estimated that the original rice can reach more than 200,000 kg。Hubei in the middle of the Yangtze River、Hunan、Sichuan and other places，There are also developed rice agricultural systems。In the late 1980s，In the Site of Pengtou Mountain, Hunan, Hunan, 8000 years ago，Carbonized rice in pottery slices and braised soil was discovered; Wang Toadyan site in Dao County, Hunan Province found the cultivation rice from 10,000 years ago，These provide the latest information for exploring the origin of my country's rice agriculture。Site in Xianren Cave and Barrel Rock in Wannian Bet365 lotto review County, Wannian County, Shanxi，I also found the cultivation rice relics 10,000 years ago。

Rice is domesticated from the wild rice of the ancestors of the Southern Baiyue nationality，It is the main food crops of the ancestors of the southern region，Late society expands to the Yellow River late、Weishui South Bank。Neolithic Age，The agricultural economy in the Yangtze River is a typical rice -made agricultural tradition，Rice is the only crop variety in agricultural production in the area。New Stone Age plant archeology in the midstream of the Yangtze River provides physical evidence for the study of the origin of rice -made agriculture，Early cultivated rice relics were unearthed in the Pengtoushan cultural site 8,000 years ago; rice relics were also found in Tangjiagang cultural sites around 7,000 years ago。The lower reaches of the Yangtze River is one of the origin of the world's rice -made agriculture，As early as 10,000 years ago，The local ancestors have begun to try to cultivate wild rice，Rice as farming production activities appeared around 8000 years ago; 7000-5000 years ago，Dao Zuo Agriculture becomes an important source of living information。

　　黍 穋 穋 穋, 茷 菽 菽: Soybean, wheat plant archeology

my country is the origin of the world's recognized cultivation soybeans，Cultivation soybeans around the world today，All are directly or indirectly introduced from our country，The name of soybeans in these countries，Almost all retain the pronunciation of the ancient soybean name "菽"。​​According to the literature records of the Book of Songs，The original society of the Central Plains in my country began to grow soybean，It is known that the earliest cultivation soybean relics were found in Yongji County, Jilin.。

Wheat native to West Asia，Archaeological evidence bet365 best casino games indicates，Wheats have at least two ways to enter China: grassland channels and oasis channels。After being introduced to China，Wheat gradually replaced the millet and 黍，Become the main agricultural crop of the drought agriculture in northern China，The agricultural production pattern of "South Daobei" in China today。Current，There are dozens of archeological discoveries about early wheat relics，For example, the wheat relic was found on the ancient tomb site on the peacock river on the peacock River in Xinjiang，Gansu Minle East Gray Mountain has unearthed the wheat relics 5,000 years ago。These archeological evidence indicates，Until the late 4000 years ago，Wheat has been introduced to China。

From the late stage of Yangshao Culture，Soy and wheat gradually appear，and the proportion continues to increase。To the Longshan era，Agricultural production in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is a relatively single Agent Agricultural，Start conversion to multiple varieties of crop planting system including soybeans and wheat。

　　All things are suitable，Cai Bo and things: plant archeology of vegetables such as green onions, ginger, garlic

10000 years ago，Ancient ancestors living in the Yellow River Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River began to cultivate edible herbal plants。Plowing behavior is the prerequisite for cultivating crops，It is also a prerequisite for agriculture。To the Spring and Autumn Period，Independent garden industry formed in the Central Plains area，Mainly planting vegetables and fruit trees。The Warring States Period to the Northern and Southern Dynasties，The garden industry has developed greatly，Large -scale commodity production bases appear in the suburbs of urban areas，"Garden" bet365 Play online games (fruit planting) and "garden" (vegetables "(planting) also have a clear division of labor。There are more than 100 cultivation of cultivation plants originating in my country，Occupy the world's major food crops、Economic crops and vegetables、1∕5 of fruit trees。

Chinese planting vegetables until the beginning of the Yangshao Culture era，Ruin (ancient known as Yun or Yunyan) seeds from the Gansu Qin'an Dadi Bay site，The Cross Flower Flower Seed seeds were unearthed from the Banpo site of Xi'an, Shaanxi，Lotus seeds unearthed from Dahe Village, Zhengzhou，Gourd Seed。In the variety of vegetables recorded in the Book of Songs，Leek can be determined as artificial cultivation、melon (melon) and 瓠 (gourd)。Later in the record，There is sunflower (winter amaranth)、bamboo shoots (bamboo shoots)、garlic and from the northern region、Onions and ginger introduced in the south。

Nanjing Pharmaceutical College、Institute of Plant Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences、Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine、The Chinese Medicine Research Group and other units or departments of the Chinese Medicine Research Group of the No. 1 Han Tomb of Ma Wangdui once identified the medicine unearthed from the Han Tomb No. 1 of Ma Wangdui (there are dry ginger)，"According to the pathogenesis of the body，I found that there is coronary heart disease、Diseases such as gallstones，The deceased may have cold pain during his lifetime、Symptoms and other symptoms，Regarding these drugs may be used by the diseased disease before life "。Test test，The female corpse of the Han Tomb No. 1 of Ma Wangdui is likely to be killed due to the occurrence of coronary heart disease caused by biliary colic。Five -in smoke in the burial、silk bag、Embroidered bet365 best casino games pillow and smoked furnace，I also found dry ginger、Gao Liangjiang and other drugs，Reflected the concept of medicine and food in ancient China for a long time。

From the perspective of the world，The center of the origin of agricultural origin is mainly: Southwest Asia、Central South America and East Asia。The center of East Asia Origin is mainly in China。Anhui Huoqiuyan Tai、Beijing Fangshan Dingjiawa、Tang Ye, Jinan, Shandong、Henan Dengfeng Wangchenggang、Plant archaeological research at the gate of Jianchuanhai, Yunnan Jianchuan, and other sites.，Two weeks of China, Wuxiang (millet、黍、rice、Wheat、Soya) Complete，This is basically consistent with the "Book of Songs"。Sort on the results of plant archeological research on crops such as rice and soyle wheat，Further confirmed that plant archeology is closely related to the origin of agricultural civilization。The origin of Chinese agricultural civilization is the deepest foundation for the sustainable development of Chinese civilization，It is also one of the main reasons for the incompetent torch of Chinese civilization。

"Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the key work of comprehensively promoting the key work of rural revitalization in 2022" (that is, the "Central No. 1" document in 2022)，"Strengthening the protection of farming culture，Promote the protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage and important agricultural cultural heritage "。New discovery of plant archeological discoveries across the country provides rich physical evidence for in -depth discussions on the origin of Chinese agricultural civilization，Analysis and research on these unearthed plant relics，Let us have a new understanding of the origin and early development bet365 Play online games of ancient Chinese agriculture，It is conducive to strengthening the inheritance and protection of my country's farming culture and important agricultural cultural heritage。

　　(Author Unit: Marxism College of Zhongkai School of Agricultural Engineering)