If the extension of the large -scale urban space extension is the 1.0 stage of my country's urbanization，So，Urban refinement governance with urban space connotation as directed by urban space constitutes the basic characteristics of urbanization 2.0。Along with the in -depth advancement of my country's new type of urbanization，The construction of urban and rural communities is increasingly becoming an important foundation for refined governance in urban and rural grassroots，Especially manifested as the "urban renewal" currently based on the renovation of the old city and the "rural reconstruction" in the context of rural revitalization。Correspondingly，Urban planning in the 1.0 era of urbanization and its residential area plan，It is difficult to satisfy the new challenge of "people's longing for a better life" in the new era。Whether it is new city development、Urban update or rural reconstruction，Introduction of community planning with humanistic and ecologicalism，It is becoming an urgent need for new urbanization construction。

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From the steering from traditional "urban planning" and "residential area planning" to "community planning"，It means planning from "things" to "people"、From eliteism to participationism、From the perspective of focusing on the result to the change of the process。

First，The targets of mainstream urban planning and design in my country for many years are residential areas or communities，instead of "community"，"Seeing things and not seeing people"。Correspondingly，The planning of the residential area is based on material spatial planning，Do not point to a clear subject -resident，The results are based on the quality of material space entities as evaluation objects。The community planning focuses on community organizations、Resident quality、Community Bet365 lotto review work and other non -material factors，embedded social relations that depends on each other。This means that community planning must be expanded from the two major elements of "society" and "space" and its integration，The former is composed of social members and its "relational network", "cohesion", "emotion", "public activity"，The latter consists of "residential area of ​​the same place"，The two are inseparable in the planning practice。The rise of community plans for developed countries in various developed countries is the awakening of residents' autonomous power and dissatisfaction with living space。If the British emphasizes community transformation，The rationality of the United States Re -subsidy Plan，The sustainable development of German rural areas，Japan focuses on the preservation and industrial activation of community cultural traditions。

2，In the past, it is generally believed that urban or architecture is an extremely complicated system，Therefore, it must be handed over to the professional person to engage in planning and construction。This elite plan，The subjective will of the planner dominated the living style of the community people，Many issues involving community governance trace the source，It is often derived from the absence or unreasonable of community planning。Real estate marketization，Urban residential areas are usually led by developers to lead planning and design。In the government -led residential area plan，Local residents have not substantially participated in the planning process。Research shows that this is not the lack of participation in residents，Instead of lack of planning and participation、Platform and mechanism。Compared to the top to the bottom of the government -dominated and planned process of the traditional urban planning and the planning process of the residential area，Community planning is more prominent in the main position of community residents，Emphasizing the participation of community residents，Highlight the bottom -up of the planning process。It is derived Bet365 app download from the needs of urban renewal and rural reconstruction，Community planning pays more attention to solving the improvement of existing community living space and environmental improvement。

third，Traditional Living District Plan，Only pay attention to "Ultimate Status"，leading to community planning and community construction、Management and service disconnection。The concept of planning in the residential area is basically developed，It is a pre -arrangement for the construction of the residential area，Therefore，It is often planned when construction is needed，It is arranged for specific projects，As for the utility of its construction、Whether it is appropriately arranged，How to complete it after completion、How to further develop, etc.，During the planning process, it is often not considered。Similarly，The main body of the residential area is different developers，Developers are only responsible for residents inside the community，It is often a "dehydration" with its urban system。

Fourth，With the continuous downward movement of social governance since the new era，Management Implementation of various community planning，In the future, we will rely more on the street、Community, etc.。But lack of professional and technical personnel at the grassroots level，Especially full -time planning talents involving community development。and the "engineering rationality" -oriented living area planning talent，Unable to meet the needs of "yearning for a better life" for community residents。Some planners even regard community planning work as a means of making a living，Lack of the establishment of the government、The willingness and ability to communicate between developers and community residents。Therefore，Community planning talents must not only have professional skills for traditional planning，It should also have persuasion、Negotiation、Coordinated comprehensive skills。The composition of the community planning talent team，Can't just be a personal "unicorn" bet365 best casino games of the planner，It should be a cross -disciplinary、Cross -industry、Cross -domain collaboration team，Its members should include design plan、Ecological and Environmental Protection、Art and Culture、Industrial operation and other fields，They need to discover community problems together，Cooperate with the needs of residents，Assist the community to propose the vision of community development and integrate various resources，Gradually improve the overall environment of the community。In terms of skill composition，It is to focus on sociology，Absorbing ecology、Political Science、Psychology and economics related disciplines，can break through the "tool rational inertia" planned in the traditional residential area，Transformation to "Humanism Feelings"，Realize the production space of community residents、Living space、Cultural Space、The construction of the "five -in -one" living community of ecological space and governance space。

　　Constantly promoting the professionalization of community planning

Community planning in urban renewal，depends on the construction of the system、Social Cooperation and Establishing Community Planning Professional Teams and other paths，Promote the establishment and improvement of its system。

First，People -oriented，System guarantee。First，The fundamental purpose of community planning is to improve the material environment of "people"，Enrich the spiritual life of "people"。Planning measures should not pursue the so -called "one step in place"，Repeated demonstrations according to the actual situation of the community，step by step。Second，Strengthen the prospectiveness of community planning。The community planning should be included in the system for the overall development of urban planning。When formulating a community planning plan，It is necessary to consider the population structure of the community、Quality、changes in scale and lifestyle，Also consider the new needs of residents caused by these changes，Leave enough space for Bet365 lotto review the long -term development of the community。Last，Diversity of urban and rural communities in the process of urbanization，As a practical practice of urban refinement governance of social resources allocation and space justice，Community planning should target the actual needs of communities at different levels，Provide material improvement in the plan、Psychological civilization and other aspects of guidance，Simultaneously handle the relationship between each community，Make the community a "social stable buffer"。

2，Resident participation，Multi -party collaboration。Residents as the main body of the community，Its extensive participation is the vitality of community planning，is the fundamental motivation to realize the development of the community。Urban update project success or not，The key lies in whether to reflect the public's voice and interests。The concept of residents' participation has changed from the ultimate state of the future to the ultimate state of the future to the emphasis on the actual conditions and the implementation process，The process of community planning has changed from the implementation of "top -down" to the advancement of "bottom -up"，Make community planning methodology from a unit linear engineering rationality to a comprehensive coordination of multiple negotiations。In the community planning of the urban renewal project，In addition to disclosing the plan to the residents，We must also actively encourage residents to participate in all stages of the update and transformation，Not only must I use a public hearing、Questionnaire survey and holding planning results exhibition and other traditional residents participating methods，You can also be used as the main body，Create an environmental atmosphere that can guide residents to participate in planning and design，By inviting residents to participate in design，Hold the design salon and game unit，Let the residents choose a design plan，Even designing your own home，Create the needs of residents，Community Bet365 lotto review living space with the concept of sustainable development。For example, in a series of community renewal projects such as "Beautiful Home" and "Beautiful City", Shanghai Jing'an District，Introduced "Participating Planning and Design"，This has enhanced the social foundation of planning。

third，Promoting the community planner system，Create a professional community planning talent team。Planners have a very important position in community planning and design，But the current planner only plays the role of technical support，instead of social organization。Therefore，You need to establish a community planner system，Make the planner cooperate with the government and grass -roots organizations for a long time，Participate in community construction and development with the people。Community planners in the urban renewal project，Usually three roles。First is the technician，Provide professional planning and design opinions，and explain the professional content in a plain language to the residents; followed by the organizer，Organizational communication，integrated community demands into existing plans; finally is a coordinator，Coordinating the opinions of all parties on the planning plan，Promote all parties to reach a consensus。The professional knowledge and role intervention of the planner，Easy to integrate resources of all parties，Jointly promote community planning。It is used as a local government and community、Important media among the people，Doctors like the regional environment，Through "locally" method，Provide diagnostic services for the optimization of community environment in the nearby，Coordinated communities Promote regional environmental transformation and development strategies，to improve the quality of the living environment of the community;，Discussion、Symposium、Training and other forms，Provide residents' technical assistance on community planning，and in accordance with the needs of the community，Introduction to other professional fields such bet365 best casino games as ecological environmental protection、Art and Culture、Coordinated teams such as industrial operations，To promote the overall improvement of community space。

Current，The practice of community planning across my country is in the starting stage。Introduction of the community planner system，It will help urban community planning gradually from professional planners as the people's planning stage，Phase of the joint planning of the community planner and the people，The highest stage of the people's own planning of this public participation is finally realized，that is, the resident becomes the main body of planning，Really practicing the "People's City People's Construction，The concept of the people's city is the people "，Make a good article for the refinement of urban cities。

　　(Author Unit: Urbanization Research Center with Chinese characteristics of Suzhou University)