At the 2009 Academic Annual Conference of the bet365 cricket odds Sociological Association，The author gave a keynote speech on "Relational Sociology and its Discipline Status"，Published a paper of the same name the following year，Relational sociology committed to creating and developing bet365 cricket odds subject discourse。Developing relational sociology of bet365 cricket odds subject discourse，has its historical origin and significance of the times。

Since its birth in the 1830s, sociology has been endowed with the disciplinary characteristics of group research。Yan Fu, who studied in the UK, was deeply impressed by it，The Study of Sociology by British sociologist Herbert Spencer was translated into "Qun Xue Eryan"。At that time，For the first generation of bet365 cricket odds sociologists who studied in Europe and the United States，Studying bet365 cricket odds society from a group perspective，It’s because of professionalism、As it should be。But，The group perspective is not comprehensive、A thorough explanation of bet365 cricket odds social behavior。Because of the widespread favor in China、Face、Ethical and other relationship constraints，More fundamental than the constraints imposed on individuals by social groups、More stable、More durable，It is the deep structure of bet365 cricket odds society。For this reason, there is the “community research” promoted by Wu Wenzao，Emphasis on studying China from the perspective of connectivity，Not only influenced fellow scholars，Also gave birth to the second generation of bet365 cricket odds sociologists。Among them，Fei Xiaotong proposed the connected concept of "differential sequence pattern" in the 1940s，Cross-generation generation、Cross-century academic influence。

European and American sociologists have long reflected on the limitations of the group perspective，created the social network analysis method and social capital theory in the 1970s and 1980s respectively，The combination of the two became the mainstream academic paradigm in the 1990s。Compared to China，This new mainstream academic paradigm is compared to Wu Wenzao (1930s)、Represented by Fei Xiaotong (1940s)，The bet365 cricket odds School of Sociology, marked by the orientation of connection theory, is at least 40 years late。What a pity，Due to historical reasons，The bet365 cricket odds sociology school from the perspective of connectivity did not go beyond the borders in time。Unknown to outsiders，How to talk about influence？

The important task of the times falls on the shoulders of a new generation of scholars。For those who grew up in the era of China’s reform and opening up，How to continue and develop the bet365 cricket odds School of Sociology with cultural consciousness，Creating sociological theories and methods rooted in my country’s local culture，Use it to communicate with the international academic community，Tell bet365 cricket odds stories well through it，It is an important task of the times before the students。Conscious awareness of academic and disciplinary development context，Assume the important responsibilities of the times，This is the author’s original intention to propose the relational sociology of bet365 cricket odds subject discourse。

　　Two goals of relational bet365 cricket odds

When proposing relational sociology，The author focuses on the existing bet365 cricket odds network analysis and bet365 cricket odds capital academic paradigms in the international sociology community，Cleared two goals for relational sociology，Thus shaping its theoretical character and methodological characteristics。

The theoretical positioning of relational sociology is knowledge localization。The relational sociology founded by the author is the theoretical achievement of studying the phenomenon and problems of relationalism in China。In order to promote related teaching and research work，There must be a preliminary summary of this theoretical result，Only in order to achieve positioning、Guide the way、The role of inspiration。The author thinks，The purpose of relational sociology is to establish a set of ethical standards、bet365 cricket odds orientation、“Cooked、Dear、Theoretical knowledge of the phenomenon of relationalism characterized by “faith”。

The three knowledge points of this goal positioning all have their academic origins。Ethical standard originates from the ethical standard theory proposed by Liang Shuming in "Essentials of bet365 cricket odds Culture"；Relationship orientation originates from Fei Xiaotong’s differential order pattern theory，This is an idea he put forward when he was teaching "Rural Sociology" at Southwest Associated University and Yunnan University in the late 1940s，Now included in "Collected Works of Fei Xiaotong"；“Cooked、Dear、Summary of the three relationship characteristics of "Xin"，comes from the author’s comparative study of China and the West，Aims at the "weak tie strength" theory that dominates the field of European and American social network research。

The argument about the strength of weak ties was published in 1973，Proposed by American sociologist Mark Granovetter。He thinks，The connections between bet365 cricket odds actors can be weak or strong，But the difference between strong and weak ties is，The former often exists within the group，The latter often connect bet365 cricket odds actors across groups。He further thought，Weak ties across groups，Although the frequency of interaction、Familiarity、Intimacy、The trust level is not high，But it has the unique function of conveying non-redundant information，So compared to the strong relationship ties within the group，More effective for actors to achieve their goals。This is the conclusion of the strength of weak ties，Supported by extensive empirical data from Western societies。

The author’s doubt is，The conclusion about the strength of weak ties is not universal，Its authenticity is conditional on time and space。For this，Observation and in-depth research based on China’s experience，The author put forward the strong relationship thesis in 1997。Must be mentioned，In the process of writing and revising the paper，The author was fortunate enough to meet Granovetter’s doctoral thesis advisor at Harvard University、Harrison White, founder of social network analysis，Only after his prompting did I realize the above “conditional” question。In White’s opinion，The entire human society is a social system from relatively open to relatively closed，Granovetter’s theory of weak ties talks about the role of relationships in relatively open spaces，The author’s strong relationship theory talks about the role of relationships in a relatively closed space。The author’s research shows，In favor、Face、bet365 cricket odds relationships where reciprocity is the communication mechanism are often strong ties: familiarity、Intimacy、Trust tends towards the strong end。Years of subsequent research have supported this initial empirical finding，And strong ties are widely distributed in bet365 cricket odds social life，The role of information transmission is no less than that of weak ties，The ability to mobilize resources greatly exceeds weak ties。For systematic theoretical research and empirical research, please refer to the author's "On Relationships and Relationship Networks" published in 2023。

If the theoretical positioning of relational sociology is knowledge localization，Then its methodological goal is the international conceptualization of indigenous knowledge。In other words，Establish a set of thinking methodologies and research methodologies through local research in relational sociology，Widely used in research on relationships and relationship networks in countries around the world。This requires converting the research results of bet365 cricket odds social relationship phenomena into conceptual measurements、Question maker design、Data Collection、Model analysis and other methods and technologies，By extending applicability，Showing the methodological significance of relational sociology。This involves the issue of the contribution of bet365 cricket odds empirical research to the world academic community，Involves the issue of international conceptualization of bet365 cricket odds indigenous knowledge。

How to achieve international conceptualization of China’s local knowledge？The author elaborates on two strategies in the article "On the International Conceptualization of Indigenous Knowledge in Sociology"。One strategy is to embrace international concepts、Enrich its theoretical connotation、Increase the cultural diversity of its variables。This is an international concept first、Subsequent promotion strategy of China research。For example，Social networks、Social capital、Concepts such as social governance have become popular in international academic circles，So we can adopt this strategy，Accept first、More abundant，Respecting the intellectual innovation of scholars from other countries，Also bring “imported products” into line with my country’s actual situation，Theoretical research and empirical research effectively applied in our country。Another strategy is to innovate local concepts、Propose standardized operations、Developing universal methods，Let China’s local knowledge go international。This is local innovation first、Subsequent promotion strategy for international expansion。The international conceptualization of local knowledge in bet365 cricket odds relational sociology relies more on the latter promotion strategy，New Year Greetings Network、Catering Network、Job Search Network、Local concepts and network measurement methods such as entrepreneurial network，Proposed according to this strategy，Among them, the catering network has entered the international scale of social capital research。

　　Four theoretical breakthroughs in relational bet365 cricket odds

14 years since its establishment，bet365 cricket odds sociology has made significant progress，The periodic academic results have been included in the sociology volume of "Encyclopedia of China" (Third Edition)。The following focuses on four theoretical breakthroughs in relational sociology，Presenting how it adheres to China’s Juche discourse，Strive to transcend the Western paradigm。

(1) The issue of bet365 cricket odds ties: from tie strength theory to tie variation theory

How to grasp the essential characteristics of bet365 cricket odds people’s relationship ties？The existing theoretical presupposition in the West is to grasp the concept of relationship strength，Define and measure relationship ties and their differences in terms of “forms”，Thus there is a theoretical debate on the strength of the relationship。After the founding of relational sociology，By observation、Interview、Experience、Investigation、Experiments and other means，A large number of empirical research results have shown that，bet365 cricket odds people’s relationship ties cannot only be measured in terms of strength and weakness，Because they also have rich relationship content (contents)，Two of the fundamental elements are "sentiments" and "obligations"。

Starting from 2017，The author has discussed the "Tie Variation Theory"，Changes according to the configuration of love and justice，Proposes five types of relationship ties: First, contact ties，Nothing to do with love or justice，Embedded resources are information；The second is emotional ties，Emotion is the motivation、Righteousness in love，Contact both parties to share sympathy、Care、Integrity，Even selfless and altruistic；The third is the bond of friendship，Love comes first、Yiweihou，It is the mutual responsibility developed from emotional communication、Obligation to help、Instrumental social resource exchange；The fourth is the bond of mutual benefit，Yi is the goal、Love is the mechanism，Resource reciprocity is both a cause and a consequence of ties；Fifth is the transaction link，Not related to love，Only exchange，Nothing else。These five types of relationship ties，It is a revolutionary conceptual innovation in the international sociology community，Not only will it promote comparative research between China and the West，And the cross-distribution and changing trends of the five tie types in the bet365 cricket odds population，will become an important reference for evaluating the social consequences of bet365 cricket odds modernization。

(2) bet365 cricket odds mechanism issues: from resource difference theory to multiple mechanism theory

The internal logic of the debate on the bet365 cricket odds between strength and weakness is，Weak ties are beneficial to the flow of information across structural boundaries，Strong ties are conducive to the mobilization of human feelings inside and outside the structural boundary；In other words，The difference in utility between strong and weak ties lies in the difference in potential resources mobilized through them。my country’s empirical research shows，Although there are quantitative differences in the mobilization of dual resources of information and favors by strong and weak ties，But they all have the ability to mobilize。

In view of this contradictory phenomenon，The author and team members have conducted research on various mechanisms。From 2013，We propose the following relationship mechanism: opportunity incremental mechanism、Favor exchange mechanism、Catering mobilization mechanism、Dharma Respect Promotion Mechanism、Trust erosion mechanism、bet365 cricket odds capital accumulation mechanism、Sports bet365 cricket odds capital mechanism、Interethnic communication mechanism、Mindset adjustment mechanism、Epidemic risk avoidance mechanism、The virtual and real conversion mechanism between online and offline。Proposal of these mechanisms，And proven through primary data collection and rigorous statistical modeling，It is the embodiment of adhering to China’s Juche discourse，Breaking through the Western dualistic thinking about information-human relations，Making original academic contributions to contemporary bet365 cricket odds network analysis。

(3) bet365 cricket odds culture issues: from the theory of rising and falling roles to the theory of bet365 cricket odds habitus

The phenomenon of relationalism existed both before and after China’s reform and opening up，Triggering an academic debate among international scholars on how the role of guanxi may change with the process of modernization，Scholars hold different views，Each has empirical evidence。To this，Empirical research results based on the role of extensive and stable relationships，We examine the role of relationships in the long history of China，Proposed the theory of relational habitus，Summarize it into six major relationship habits: First, the kinship habitus that gives priority to kinship relationships；The second is the second-best consideration of family habits of strong relationships；The third is to develop the habit of reusing multiple functions；The fourth is the face habit of mobilizing relationship resources through the face mechanism；The fifth is the human habit of mobilizing required resources through a reciprocal reward mechanism；The sixth is the extended habit of transforming weak relationships into strong relationships。Proposition of relational habitus theory，Not only resolves the long-standing theoretical debate on the role of relationships，At the same time, it also transcends the Western theoretical paradigm，Transform the "embeddedness theory" from the structural perspective into the "habitus theory" from the cultural perspective，Provides a new theoretical framework and analytical perspective to explain the stabilizing effect of relationships。This is also an academic achievement that adheres to the bet365 cricket odds Juche discourse。

(4) Relational bet365 cricket odds issues: from bet365 cricket odds composition theory to the super-stable cycle hypothesis

The relationship ties between multiple people constitute a relationship network。The Western analysis paradigm proposes a pair of concepts: homogeneous dense network (dense network) and heterogeneous sparse network (sparse network)，A network of relatives and friends that brings all realities to life、Classmate Network、Political and Business Network、Enterprise network, etc.，All are included in this pair of abstract network concepts for study。How to summarize the bet365 cricket odds relationship network，Make it comply with the academic norms of social network analysis，It can also reflect the characteristics of bet365 cricket odds people’s relationship network？Three breakthroughs in relational sociology research are as follows: First, the breadth of ties compared to typical Western social networks、Unique function、Occasional obligation，Propose the particularity of ties in China’s typical relationship network、Function reusability、Three major characteristics of frequent obligations。The second is based on research on private enterprises and bureaucratic organizations，Proposed the view and argument that the network of the core circle of decision-makers is the fundamental social mechanism for the operation of power。The third is based on entrepreneurial innovation practice，Propose the theoretical hypothesis that the core circle of decision makers is super stable，I think this is one of the secrets of successful corporate governance for entrepreneurs。This is to say，bet365 cricket odds people’s relationship network is characterized by ties and family ties、Multiple function reuse、Frequent obligations are strong、Four characteristics of super stable core circle。Then，bet365 cricket odds relationship network with these characteristics in the process of bet365 cricket odds modernization，For the realization of various powerful country goals，What are the positive and negative effects？How to exert its positive energy、Eliminate negative energy？This will be an important issue for future empirical research。

　　(The author is a distinguished professor at the School of Humanities and bet365 cricket odds Sciences of Xi’an Jiaotong University、Director of the Institute of Empirical bet365 cricket odds Sciences)